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Current Heart Failure Reports
Erschienen in: Current Heart Failure Reports 5/2020

02.08.2020 | Comorbidities of Heart Failure (C. Angermann, Section Editor)

Heart Failure–Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting

verfasst von: Anastassios Philippou, Dimitrios Xanthis, Costas Chryssanthopοulos, Maria Maridaki, Michael Koutsilieris

Erschienen in: Current Heart Failure Reports | Ausgabe 5/2020

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Heart failure (HF) is a structural or functional cardiac abnormality which leads to failure of the heart to deliver oxygen commensurately with the requirements of the tissues and it may progress to a generalized wasting of skeletal muscle, fat tissue, and bone tissue (cardiac cachexia). Clinically, dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance are some typical signs and symptoms that characterize HF patients. This review focused on the phenotypic characteristics of HF-induced skeletal myopathy as well as the mechanisms of muscle wasting due to HF and highlighted possible therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle wasting in HF.

Recent Findings

The impaired exercise capacity of those patients is not attributed to the reduced blood flow in the exercising muscles, but rather to abnormal metabolic responses, myocyte apoptosis and atrophy of skeletal muscle. Specifically, the development of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic HF is characterized by structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscle and may be a result not only of reduced physical activity, but also of metabolic or hormonal derangements that favour catabolism over anabolism. In particular, abnormal energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, transition of myofibers from type I to type II, muscle atrophy, and reduction in muscular strength are included in skeletal muscle abnormalities which play a central role in the decreased exercise capacity of HF patients.

Summary

Skeletal muscle alterations and exercise intolerance observed in HF are reversible by exercise training, since it is the only demonstrated intervention able to improve skeletal muscle metabolism, growth factor activity, and functional capacity and to reverse peripheral abnormalities.
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Metadaten
Titel
Heart Failure–Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting
verfasst von
Anastassios Philippou
Dimitrios Xanthis
Costas Chryssanthopοulos
Maria Maridaki
Michael Koutsilieris
Publikationsdatum
02.08.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Heart Failure Reports / Ausgabe 5/2020
Print ISSN: 1546-9530
Elektronische ISSN: 1546-9549
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-020-00468-w

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