Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Fungal Infection Reports 4/2011

01.12.2011 | Epidemiologic Aspects of Fungal Infections (Tom M. Chiller, Section Editor)

Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology in Latin America

verfasst von: Beatriz L. Gómez

Erschienen in: Current Fungal Infection Reports | Ausgabe 4/2011

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Histoplasmosis is a frequent health problem in Latin American countries, but the fact that it is not a reportable disease prevents reliable estimates of its real incidence and impact on public health. Epidemiologic and clinical data remain patchy in general, and in some countries the information available is very limited. Histoplasmosis has a significant public health impact in susceptible populations such as immunosuppressed individuals, in whom the disease is associated with poor outcomes. Limited availability of diagnostic tools in many regions of Latin America is an additional problem, as many patients are already severely ill by the time of the diagnosis. Efforts are therefore necessary to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, limit the severity of the disease manifestations, and reduce morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews important aspects of the epidemiology of histoplasmosis, the most clinically significant endemic mycosis in Latin America.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat • Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis. In: Kauffman CA, Pappas PG, Sobel JD, Dismukes WE, editors. Essentials of Clinical Mycology. 2nd ed. Springer; 2011. p. 321–335. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of histoplasmosis. • Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis. In: Kauffman CA, Pappas PG, Sobel JD, Dismukes WE, editors. Essentials of Clinical Mycology. 2nd ed. Springer; 2011. p. 321–335. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of histoplasmosis.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat • Deepe GS, Jr. Histoplasma capsulatum. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dollin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p 3305–3318. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of histoplasmosis. • Deepe GS, Jr. Histoplasma capsulatum. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dollin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p 3305–3318. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of histoplasmosis.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat • Brandt ME, Gómez BL, Warnock D. Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and other dimorphic fungi causing systemic mycoses. In: Versalovic J, Warnock D, editors. Manually of Clinical Microbiology, 10th edition. Volume 2, Section VI, Chapter 120. ASM Press, Washington DC; 2011. p 1902–1918. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of endemic mycoses, including histoplasmosis. • Brandt ME, Gómez BL, Warnock D. Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and other dimorphic fungi causing systemic mycoses. In: Versalovic J, Warnock D, editors. Manually of Clinical Microbiology, 10th edition. Volume 2, Section VI, Chapter 120. ASM Press, Washington DC; 2011. p 1902–1918. This excellent and recently updated chapter covers all aspects of endemic mycoses, including histoplasmosis.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Colombo AL, Tobón A, Restrepo A et al. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011; May 4 (Epub ahead of print). This article presents an excellent review of all epidemiologic aspects of endemic mycoses in Latin America and covers histoplasmosis and recent literature. It has a map adapted from different publications and studies that gives a very clear picture of the endemic areas of histoplasmosis. •• Colombo AL, Tobón A, Restrepo A et al. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011; May 4 (Epub ahead of print). This article presents an excellent review of all epidemiologic aspects of endemic mycoses in Latin America and covers histoplasmosis and recent literature. It has a map adapted from different publications and studies that gives a very clear picture of the endemic areas of histoplasmosis.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:115–32.PubMedCrossRef Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:115–32.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Tobón AM, Agudelo CA, Rosero DS, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis: comparative study between patients with aquired immunodeficiency syndrome and no-human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:576–82.PubMed Tobón AM, Agudelo CA, Rosero DS, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis: comparative study between patients with aquired immunodeficiency syndrome and no-human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:576–82.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheat J. Endemic mycoses in AIDS: a clinical review. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8:146–59.PubMed Wheat J. Endemic mycoses in AIDS: a clinical review. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8:146–59.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kasuga T, White TJ, Koenig G, et al. Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Mol Ecol. 2003;12:3383–401.PubMedCrossRef Kasuga T, White TJ, Koenig G, et al. Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Mol Ecol. 2003;12:3383–401.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Muniz MM, Morais E, Silva Tavares P, Meyer W, Nosanchuk JD, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Comparison of different DNA-based methods for molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum. Appl EnvMicrobiol. 2010;76(13):4438–47. Muniz MM, Morais E, Silva Tavares P, Meyer W, Nosanchuk JD, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Comparison of different DNA-based methods for molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum. Appl EnvMicrobiol. 2010;76(13):4438–47.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Karimi K, Wheat LJ, Conolly P, Cloud G, Hajjeh R, Wheat E, et al. Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome in the United States and Brazil. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:1655–60.PubMedCrossRef Karimi K, Wheat LJ, Conolly P, Cloud G, Hajjeh R, Wheat E, et al. Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome in the United States and Brazil. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:1655–60.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Arango M, Castañeda E, Agudelo CI, et al. Histoplasmosis: Results of the Colombian National Survey, 1992–2008. Biomédica. 2011;31(3)3. This study presents the biggest survey conducted in Latin America of cases of histoplasmosis (n = 434) and presents demographic data, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Interesting comparisons of the various results were done. •• Arango M, Castañeda E, Agudelo CI, et al. Histoplasmosis: Results of the Colombian National Survey, 1992–2008. Biomédica. 2011;31(3)3. This study presents the biggest survey conducted in Latin America of cases of histoplasmosis (n = 434) and presents demographic data, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Interesting comparisons of the various results were done.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Tobón AM, Medina A, Orozco L, et al. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in a cohort of patients with HIV coinfection. Acta Médica Colombiana (In Spanish). 2011;36(2):63–7. Tobón AM, Medina A, Orozco L, et al. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in a cohort of patients with HIV coinfection. Acta Médica Colombiana (In Spanish). 2011;36(2):63–7.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Rios Fabra A, Restrepo A, Isturiz R. Fungal infection in Latin American countries. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 1994;8:129–54. Rios Fabra A, Restrepo A, Isturiz R. Fungal infection in Latin American countries. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 1994;8:129–54.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Cuellar Rodriguez J, Avery RK, Budey M, et al. Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients: 10 years of experience at a large transplant center in an endemic area. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:710–6.PubMedCrossRef Cuellar Rodriguez J, Avery RK, Budey M, et al. Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients: 10 years of experience at a large transplant center in an endemic area. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:710–6.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Laniado-Laborin R. Coccidioidomycosis and other endemic mycoses in Mexico. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2007;24:249–58.PubMedCrossRef Laniado-Laborin R. Coccidioidomycosis and other endemic mycoses in Mexico. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2007;24:249–58.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheat J. Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis in individuals with AIDS. A clinical review. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:467–82.PubMed Wheat J. Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis in individuals with AIDS. A clinical review. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:467–82.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Baddley JW, Sankara IR, Rodriguez JM, et al. Histoplasmosis in HIV–infected patients in a southern regional medical center: Poor prognosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62:151–6.PubMedCrossRef Baddley JW, Sankara IR, Rodriguez JM, et al. Histoplasmosis in HIV–infected patients in a southern regional medical center: Poor prognosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62:151–6.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Couppie P, Aznar C, Carme B, Nacher M. American histoplasmosis in developing countries with a special focus on patients with HIV: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:443–9.PubMedCrossRef Couppie P, Aznar C, Carme B, Nacher M. American histoplasmosis in developing countries with a special focus on patients with HIV: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:443–9.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat de Francesco Daher E, de Sousa Barros FA, da Silva Júnior GB, et al. Risk factors for death in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–associated disseminated histoplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:600–3.PubMed de Francesco Daher E, de Sousa Barros FA, da Silva Júnior GB, et al. Risk factors for death in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–associated disseminated histoplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:600–3.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheel CM, Samayoa B, Herrera A, et al. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria in immunocompromised patients. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16:852–8.PubMedCrossRef Scheel CM, Samayoa B, Herrera A, et al. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria in immunocompromised patients. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16:852–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mora DJ, dos Santos CTB, Silva-Vergara ML. Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Mycoses. 2008;51:136–40.PubMedCrossRef Mora DJ, dos Santos CTB, Silva-Vergara ML. Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Mycoses. 2008;51:136–40.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Nacher M, Adenis A, Adriouch L, et al. Short report: what is AIDS in the Amazonian and the Guianas? Establishing the burden of disseminated histoplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84(2):239–40.PubMedCrossRef Nacher M, Adenis A, Adriouch L, et al. Short report: what is AIDS in the Amazonian and the Guianas? Establishing the burden of disseminated histoplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84(2):239–40.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gutierrez ME, Canton A, Sosa N, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Panama: a review of 104 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:1199–202.PubMedCrossRef Gutierrez ME, Canton A, Sosa N, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Panama: a review of 104 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:1199–202.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarosi GA, Voth DW, Dahl BA, Doto IL, Tosh FE. Disseminated histoplasmosis: results of long-term follow up. A center for disease Control cooperative mycoses study. Ann Intern Med. 1971;75:511–6.PubMed Sarosi GA, Voth DW, Dahl BA, Doto IL, Tosh FE. Disseminated histoplasmosis: results of long-term follow up. A center for disease Control cooperative mycoses study. Ann Intern Med. 1971;75:511–6.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Cermeno V, Cermeno JR, Cova V, Perez GM. Adrenocortical function in patients with systemic mycoses [in Spanish]. Invest Clin. 2007;48:341–8.PubMed Cermeno V, Cermeno JR, Cova V, Perez GM. Adrenocortical function in patients with systemic mycoses [in Spanish]. Invest Clin. 2007;48:341–8.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Baraia-Etxaburu AJ, Astigarraga AB, Elorza OR, et al. Primary adrenal failure and AIDS: report of 11 cases and review of the literature [in Spanish]. Rev Clin Esp. 1998;198:74–9. Baraia-Etxaburu AJ, Astigarraga AB, Elorza OR, et al. Primary adrenal failure and AIDS: report of 11 cases and review of the literature [in Spanish]. Rev Clin Esp. 1998;198:74–9.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Daher EF, Silva Jr GB, Barros FAS, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV patients from Brazil. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:1108–15.PubMedCrossRef Daher EF, Silva Jr GB, Barros FAS, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV patients from Brazil. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:1108–15.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:807–25.PubMedCrossRef Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:807–25.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Histoplasmosis: protecting workers at risk. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1997 Sep. Report No.: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97–146. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Histoplasmosis: protecting workers at risk. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1997 Sep. Report No.: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97–146.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Carmona-Fonseca J. Análisis estadístico y ecológico-epidemiológico de la sensibilidad a la histoplasmina en Colombia 1950–1968. Antioquia Médica (In Spanish). 1971;21(1):109–54. Carmona-Fonseca J. Análisis estadístico y ecológico-epidemiológico de la sensibilidad a la histoplasmina en Colombia 1950–1968. Antioquia Médica (In Spanish). 1971;21(1):109–54.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Tobon AM, Franco L, Espinal D, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in children: the role of itraconazole therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:1002–8.PubMedCrossRef Tobon AM, Franco L, Espinal D, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in children: the role of itraconazole therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:1002–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Ordoñez N, Tobón A, Arango M, et al. Brotes de histoplasmosis registrados en el area andina Colombiana. Biomedica. 1997;17:105–11. Ordoñez N, Tobón A, Arango M, et al. Brotes de histoplasmosis registrados en el area andina Colombiana. Biomedica. 1997;17:105–11.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Cermeno JR, Hernandez I, Cermeno JJ, et al. Epidemiological survey of histoplasmine and paracoccidioidine skin reactivity in an agricultural area in Bolivar state, Venezuela. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19:189–93.PubMedCrossRef Cermeno JR, Hernandez I, Cermeno JJ, et al. Epidemiological survey of histoplasmine and paracoccidioidine skin reactivity in an agricultural area in Bolivar state, Venezuela. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19:189–93.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Cermeno JR, Cermeno JJ, Hernandez I, et al. Histoplasmine and paracoccidiodine epidemiological study in Upata, Bolivar state, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:216–9.PubMedCrossRef Cermeno JR, Cermeno JJ, Hernandez I, et al. Histoplasmine and paracoccidiodine epidemiological study in Upata, Bolivar state, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:216–9.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Murillo J, Castro KG. HIV infection and AIDS in Latin America. Epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:1–11.PubMed Murillo J, Castro KG. HIV infection and AIDS in Latin America. Epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:1–11.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Mata-Essayag S, Colella MT, Rosello A, et al. Histoplasmosis: a study of 158 cases in Venezuela, 2000–2005. Medicine (Baltimore). 2008;87:193–202.CrossRef Mata-Essayag S, Colella MT, Rosello A, et al. Histoplasmosis: a study of 158 cases in Venezuela, 2000–2005. Medicine (Baltimore). 2008;87:193–202.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hani M, Adenis A, Couppie P, et al. HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana: recent infection or reactivation? AIDS. 2010;24:1777–8.CrossRef Hani M, Adenis A, Couppie P, et al. HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana: recent infection or reactivation? AIDS. 2010;24:1777–8.CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliveira FDM, Unis G, Severo LC. An outbreak of histoplasmosis in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina. J Bras Pneumol. 2006;32:375–8.CrossRef Oliveira FDM, Unis G, Severo LC. An outbreak of histoplasmosis in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina. J Bras Pneumol. 2006;32:375–8.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat SdC F, Netto CF. Epidemiologic surveys of histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin sensitivity in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1998;40:155–64.CrossRef SdC F, Netto CF. Epidemiologic surveys of histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin sensitivity in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1998;40:155–64.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Prado M, Barbosa da Silva M, Laurenti R, et al. Mortality due to systemic mycoses as a primary cause of death or in association with AIDS in Brazil: a review from 1996 to 2006. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 2009;104(3):513–21.CrossRef Prado M, Barbosa da Silva M, Laurenti R, et al. Mortality due to systemic mycoses as a primary cause of death or in association with AIDS in Brazil: a review from 1996 to 2006. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 2009;104(3):513–21.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldani LZ, Aquino VR, Lunardi LW, et al. Two specific strains of Histoplasma capsulatum causing mucocutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis: preliminary analysis of a frequent manifestation of histoplasmosis in southern Brazil. Mycopathologia. 2009;167:181–6.PubMedCrossRef Goldani LZ, Aquino VR, Lunardi LW, et al. Two specific strains of Histoplasma capsulatum causing mucocutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis: preliminary analysis of a frequent manifestation of histoplasmosis in southern Brazil. Mycopathologia. 2009;167:181–6.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Unis G, Oliveira FDM, Severo LC. Disseminated histoplasmosis in Rio Grande do Sul [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004;37:463–8.PubMed Unis G, Oliveira FDM, Severo LC. Disseminated histoplasmosis in Rio Grande do Sul [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004;37:463–8.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran EL. Histoplasmosis in northwestern Argentina. II: Prevalence of Histoplasmosis capsulati and paracoccidioidomycosis in the population south of Chuscha, Gonzalo and Potrero in the province of Tucuman. Mycopathologia. 1995;129:17–23.PubMedCrossRef van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran EL. Histoplasmosis in northwestern Argentina. II: Prevalence of Histoplasmosis capsulati and paracoccidioidomycosis in the population south of Chuscha, Gonzalo and Potrero in the province of Tucuman. Mycopathologia. 1995;129:17–23.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran EL, Madero AM, Carizo V. Histoplasmosis in northwestern Argentina. Epidemiological survey of Chuscha and La Higuera in the province of Tucuman. Eur J Epidemiol. 1992;8:206–10.PubMedCrossRef van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran EL, Madero AM, Carizo V. Histoplasmosis in northwestern Argentina. Epidemiological survey of Chuscha and La Higuera in the province of Tucuman. Eur J Epidemiol. 1992;8:206–10.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran E, Borges de Kestelman I. Histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in northwestern Argentina III.Epidemiological survey in Vipos, La Toma, and Choromoro - Trancas, Tucuman, Argentina. Eur J Epidemiol. 1999;15:383–8.PubMed van Gelderen de Komaid A, Duran E, Borges de Kestelman I. Histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in northwestern Argentina III.Epidemiological survey in Vipos, La Toma, and Choromoro - Trancas, Tucuman, Argentina. Eur J Epidemiol. 1999;15:383–8.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Negroni R, Duré R, Ortiz Nareto et al. Brote de histoplasmosis en la escuela de cadetes de la base aérea de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiologia (in Spanish). 2010;42:254–260. Negroni R, Duré R, Ortiz Nareto et al. Brote de histoplasmosis en la escuela de cadetes de la base aérea de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiologia (in Spanish). 2010;42:254–260.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Muñoz B, Martínez MA, Palma G, et al. Molecular characterization of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from an outbreak in treasure hunters. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;8(10):264.CrossRef Muñoz B, Martínez MA, Palma G, et al. Molecular characterization of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from an outbreak in treasure hunters. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;8(10):264.CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Segura L, Rojas M, Pelaez N, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis and human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 infection: risk factors in Guatemala. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:343–4.PubMedCrossRef Segura L, Rojas M, Pelaez N, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis and human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 infection: risk factors in Guatemala. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:343–4.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolff M. Outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in Chilean travelers to the Ecuadorian jungle: an example of geographic medicine [in Spanish]. Rev Med Chil. 1999;127:1359–64.PubMed Wolff M. Outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in Chilean travelers to the Ecuadorian jungle: an example of geographic medicine [in Spanish]. Rev Med Chil. 1999;127:1359–64.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lyon GM, Bravo AV, Espino A, et al. Histoplasmosis associated with exploring a bat-inhabited cave in Costa Rica, 1998–1999. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;70:438–42.PubMed Lyon GM, Bravo AV, Espino A, et al. Histoplasmosis associated with exploring a bat-inhabited cave in Costa Rica, 1998–1999. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;70:438–42.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinberg M, Weeks J, Lance-Parker S, et al. Severe histoplasmosis in travelers to Nicaragua. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:1322–5.PubMed Weinberg M, Weeks J, Lance-Parker S, et al. Severe histoplasmosis in travelers to Nicaragua. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:1322–5.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Odio CM, Navarrete M, Carrillo JM, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1999;18:1065–8.CrossRef Odio CM, Navarrete M, Carrillo JM, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1999;18:1065–8.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Eza D, Cerrillo G, Moore DAJ, et al. Postmortem findings and opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients from a public hospital in Peru. Pathol Res Pract. 2006;202:767–75.PubMedCrossRef Eza D, Cerrillo G, Moore DAJ, et al. Postmortem findings and opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients from a public hospital in Peru. Pathol Res Pract. 2006;202:767–75.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology in Latin America
verfasst von
Beatriz L. Gómez
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2011
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Fungal Infection Reports / Ausgabe 4/2011
Print ISSN: 1936-3761
Elektronische ISSN: 1936-377X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-011-0073-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2011

Current Fungal Infection Reports 4/2011 Zur Ausgabe

Epidemiologic Aspects of Fungal Infections (Tom M. Chiller, Section Editor)

Preventing Death from HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: The Way Forward

Genomics and Pathogenesis (Shmuel Shoham, Section Editor)

Fungal Infections in Phagocytic Defects

Genomics and Pathogenesis (Shmuel Shoham, Section Editor)

Lessons from Cryptococcal Laccase: From Environmental Saprophyte to Pathogen

Genomics and Pathogenesis (Shmuel Shoham, Section Editor)

The Role of Genetics in Host Responses to Mucosal and Invasive Candidiasis

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Mehr Lebenszeit mit Abemaciclib bei fortgeschrittenem Brustkrebs?

24.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

In der MONARCHE-3-Studie lebten Frauen mit fortgeschrittenem Hormonrezeptor-positivem, HER2-negativem Brustkrebs länger, wenn sie zusätzlich zu einem nicht steroidalen Aromatasehemmer mit Abemaciclib behandelt wurden; allerdings verfehlte der numerische Zugewinn die statistische Signifikanz.

ADT zur Radiatio nach Prostatektomie: Wenn, dann wohl länger

24.05.2024 Prostatakarzinom Nachrichten

Welchen Nutzen es trägt, wenn die Strahlentherapie nach radikaler Prostatektomie um eine Androgendeprivation ergänzt wird, hat die RADICALS-HD-Studie untersucht. Nun liegen die Ergebnisse vor. Sie sprechen für länger dauernden Hormonentzug.

„Überwältigende“ Evidenz für Tripeltherapie beim metastasierten Prostata-Ca.

22.05.2024 Prostatakarzinom Nachrichten

Patienten mit metastasiertem hormonsensitivem Prostatakarzinom sollten nicht mehr mit einer alleinigen Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) behandelt werden, mahnt ein US-Team nach Sichtung der aktuellen Datenlage. Mit einer Tripeltherapie haben die Betroffenen offenbar die besten Überlebenschancen.

So sicher sind Tattoos: Neue Daten zur Risikobewertung

22.05.2024 Melanom Nachrichten

Das größte medizinische Problem bei Tattoos bleiben allergische Reaktionen. Melanome werden dadurch offensichtlich nicht gefördert, die Farbpigmente könnten aber andere Tumoren begünstigen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.