Introduction
Methods
Results
Study | Sample size | Follow-up (months) | Previous anti-VEGF treatment | Reason for switch | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome measure | Change | ||||||
1 | Aghdam et al. [20] | 22 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent IRF and/or SRF | BCVA | From 45 to 59 letters (p < 0.001) |
CST | From 400 to 304 µm (p = 0.003) | ||||||
CNV area | From 0.38 to 0.28 mm2 (p = 0.003) | ||||||
2 | Blanco-Garavito et al. [25] | 84 | 8 | Ranibizumab | Persistent PED (height > 250 µm) | BCVA | From 66.2 to 69.5 letters (p = 0.003) |
CMT | From 444 to 387 (p < 0.001) | ||||||
PED height | From 347 to 288 (p < 0.001) | ||||||
3 | Chang et al. [22] | 49 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent IRF or SRF | BCVA | + 4.7 letters (p < 0.001) |
CRT | − 97.2 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
4 | Curry et al. [24] | 19 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent SRF or cystoid edema | BCVA | + 6 letters (p = 0.04) |
CMT | From 268 to 255 µm (p = 0.018) | ||||||
5 | Grewal et al. [28] | 21 | 12 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Persistent IRF and/or SRF | BCVA | From 0.42 to 0.40 logMAR (non-significant) |
CFT | From 329 to 292 μm (p = 0.038) | ||||||
PED basal diameter | From 2350 to 1856 μm (p = 0.028) | ||||||
PED height | From 288 to 248 μm (p = 0.002) | ||||||
6 | Jorstad et al. [33] | 50 | 24 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Persistent macular fluid | BCVA | From 0.25 to 0.32 logMAR (p = 0.005) |
CRT | From 273 to 225 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
7 | Kawashima et al. [21] | 41 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Recurrent/residual exudation | BCVA | − 0.05 logMAR (p = 0.013) |
CRT | − 39 µm (p = 0.001) | ||||||
PED | − 43.9 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
8 | Kim et al. [31] | 40 | 12 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Recurrent increase in retinal edema, PED and/or SRF | BCVA | + 4.4 letters (non-significant) |
CST | − 42 µm (p = 0.001) | ||||||
PED vol | − 0.07 mm3 (p = 0.345) | ||||||
9 | Mantel et al. [32] | 21 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Refractory/recurrent IRF/SRF | BCVA | − 2 letters (non-significant) |
10 | Sarao et al. [29] | 92 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent/recurrent SRF and/or IRF | BCVA | + 1.8 letters (p > 0.05) |
CRT | − 112 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
11 | Singh et al. [23] | 26 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Recurrent IRF/SRF/cystoid fluid or worsening PED or new haemorrhage on clinical examination | BCVA | + 9.2 letters (p < 0.001) |
CST | − 50.2 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
12 | Sleiman [30] | 17 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Persistent SRF/IRF | BCVA | From 0.998 to 0.933 logMAR |
CFT | From 534 to 356 µm | ||||||
13 | Tiosano et al. [19] | 47 | 6 | Bevacizumab | IRF/SRF and/or PED height > 300 µm | BCVA | From 60.3 to 63.1 letters (p = 0.02) |
CST | From 409 to 277 µm (p = 0.0002) | ||||||
14 | Wykoff et al. [27] | 46 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Recalcitrant wet AMD | BCVA | + 0.2 letters (non-significant) |
CST | − 23.6 µm (p = 0.018) | ||||||
15 | Zhu et al. [26] | 49 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent SRF and/or IRF | BCVA | + 4.7 letters (p < 0.001) |
CMT | From 448 to 351 µm (p < 0.001) |
Study | Sample size | Follow-up (months) | Previous anti-VEGF treatment | Reason for switch | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome measure | Change | ||||||
1 | Arcinue et al. [46] | 63 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent or recurrent IRF/SRF/PED/leakage on FA | BCVA | + 2.5 letters (non-significant) |
MRT | From 355 to 248 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
2 | Barthelmes et al. [56] | 384 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Not defined | BCVA | From 63.4 to 63.3 letters (p = 0.17) |
3 | Cardoso et al. [61] | 164 | 36 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent or recurrent SRF and/or IRF or non-medical departmental reasons | BCVA (12 months) | From 56.5 to 54.6 letters (non-significant) |
CRT (12 months) | From 386 to 313 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
BCVA (36 months) | From 56.5 to 50.3 letters (p < 0.001) | ||||||
CRT (36 months) | From 386 to 266 µm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
4 | Chan et al. [34] | 189 | 6 | Ranibizumab and bevacizumab | Persistent/recurrent macular edema, SRF haemorrhage, exudates and/or PED | BCVA | − 0.081 logMAR (p < 0.001) |
CST | − 24.9 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
PED height | − 43.4 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
5 | Chatziralli et al. [54] | 447 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent SRF/IRF or PED involving the fovea or macular haemorrhage | BCVA | From 63.7 to 63.3 letters (non-significant) |
CST | From 271 to 242 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
6 | Cho et al. [40] | 28 | 6 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent fluid | BCVA | From 0.52 to 0.57 logMAR (non-significant) |
CRT | From 294 to 275 μm (p = 0.008) | ||||||
7 | De Massougnes et al. [47] | 60 | 9 | Ranibizumab | Persistent IRF/SRF | BCVA | From 73 to 74 letters (non-significant) |
CST | From 372 to 321 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
8 | Dirani et al. [53] | 98 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent IRF/SRF | BCVA | From 72.1 to 71.9 letters (non-significant) |
CRT | 349 to 300 μm | ||||||
9 | Ferrone et al. [59] | 221 | 6 | Ranibizumab and bevacizumab | No criteria | BCVA | From 0.506 to 0.521 logMAR (non-significant) |
CRT | From 261 to 237 μm (p = 0.012) | ||||||
10 | Gharbiya et al. [42] | 31 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Persistent IRF/SRF with/without PED | BCVA | From 42.5 to 42.8 letters (non-significant) |
CST | From 449 to 269 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
PED height | From 262 to 183 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
CT | From 192 to 167 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
11 | Hall et al. [43] | 30 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | No criteria | BCVA | From 0.506 to 0.521 (non-significant) |
CMT | From 261 to 237 μm (p = 0.012) | ||||||
12 | Hirakata et al. [36] | 14 | 12 | Ranibizumab | No improvement or recurrence on OCT | BCVA | From 0.4 to 0.32 logMAR (p = 0.018) |
CMT | From 273 to 208 μm (p = 0.002) | ||||||
13 | Homer et al. [58] | 21 | 24 | Ranibizumab and bevacizumab | Persistent exudation | BCVA | From 0.42 to 0.42 logMAR (non-significant) |
CST | From 292 to 283 μm (non-significant) | ||||||
MTI | From 37 to 57.4 days (p = 0.01) | ||||||
14 | Kanesa-Thasan et al. [55] | 11 | 18 | Ranibizumab | Recalcitrant PED | BCVA | From 63.7 to 63.3 letters (non-significant) |
PED vol | From 0.687 to 0.652 mm3 (p = 0.02) | ||||||
15 | Kocak [38] | 15 | 12 | Ranibizumab | IRF, SRF, haemorrhage or < 10% decrease in PED height or radius | BCVA | From 0.63 to 0.43 (p = 0.0049) |
PED height | From 297 to 122 μm (p = 0.0007) | ||||||
PED radius | From 2371 to 1859 μm (p = 0.0007) | ||||||
16 | Kumar et al. [35] | 34 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Persisting SRF and/or IRF | BCVA | From 0.57 to 0.47 logMAR (p = 0.004) |
CFT | From 416 to 248 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
PED height | From 260 to 214 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
PED diameter | From 3265 to 2949 μm (p = 0.04) | ||||||
17 | Lee et al. [62] | 1344 | 6 | Ranibizumab | No criteria | BCVA | Significant improvement at 2, 3 and 5 months but not 6 |
18 | Messenger et al. [44] | 109 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | No criteria (physician’s discretion) | BCVA | From 0.506 to 0.51 logMAR (non-significant) |
CST | From 324 to 299 μm (p = 0.0047) | ||||||
NOI/year | From 7.4 to 7.2 (non-significant) | ||||||
19 | Moon et al. [60] | 32 | 6 | Ranibizumab | Persistent/recurrent fluid OCT or leakage on FA | BCVA | From 0.81 to 0.81 logMAR (non-significant) |
CMT | From 321 to 327 μm (non-significant) | ||||||
20 | Muftuoglu et al. [48] | 81 | 24 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Persistent/recurrent IRF/SRF or leakage | BCVA | From 0.55 to 0.56 logMAR (non-significant) |
CMT | Significant reduction (p < 0.001) | ||||||
21 | Narayan et al. [39] | 192 | 16 | Ranibizumab | Persistent macular fluid or required 4- or 6-week injection intervals to maintain a fluid-free macula | BCVA | + 4.5 letters (p = 0.0003) |
22 | Nomura et al. [65] | 25 | 12 | Ranibizumab | No specific criteria (physician’s discretion) | BCVA | CVH(−): From 0.32 to 0.14 logMAR (p = 0.0001) CVH(+): From 0.21 to 0.19 logMAR (non-significant) |
CRT | CVH(−): From 273 to 161 μm (p < 0.0002) CVH(+): From 316 to 157 μm (p = 0.0037) | ||||||
23 | Pinheiro-Costa et al. [45] | 85 | 12 | Ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab | Persistent/recurrent IRF/SRF | BCVA | − 2 letters (non-significant) |
CRT | From 375 to 295 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
NOI | From 0.57 to 0.76 (p < 0.001) | ||||||
24 | Ricci et al. [49] | 72 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Persistent IRF/SRF | BCVA | From 64 to 67 letters (non-significant) |
CMT | From 403 to 266 μm (non-significant) | ||||||
25 | Thorell et al. [41] | 73 | 6 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Frequent re-treatment | BCVA | From 69 to 69.5 letters (non-significant) |
CRT | − 19 μm (p < 0.001) | ||||||
NOI | − 0.6 (p < 0.001) | ||||||
26 | Tyagi et al. [57] | 50 | 12 | Ranibizumab | Inadequate anatomical/functional response | BCVA | + 1.16 letters (non-significant) |
PED height | − 50.64 μm (p = 0.007) | ||||||
PED width | + 29.7 μm (non-significant) | ||||||
27 | Waizel et al. [51] | 96 | > 6 | Bevacizumab | Persisting/increasing SRF/IRF or internal non-medical policy decisions | BCVA | From 0.63 to 0.53 logMAR (non-significant) |
CMT | From 419 to 318 μm (p < 0.0001) | ||||||
28 | Warwick et al. [37] | 107 | 12 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Poor OCT and visual response | BCVA | + 3.28 letters (p = 0.0005) |
CRT | − 6.16 (p < 0.001) | ||||||
29 | You et al. [52] | 33 | 16 | Ranibizumab or bevacizumab | Persistent/recurrent exudation | BCVA | From 55.3 to 57.8 letters (non-significant) |
CFT | From 302 to 241 μm (p = 0.001) | ||||||
PED height | − 109.8 (p = 0.02) | ||||||
30 | Van Lancker et al. [50] | 68 | 14–38 | Ranibizumab | Persisting SRF/IRF | BCVA | From 0.57 to 0.54 logMAR (non-significant) |
CRT | − 75.6 (p = 0.001) |