Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 6/2012

01.12.2012 | Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (JM Portnoy and CE Ciaccio, Section Editors)

IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children

verfasst von: Faith Huang, Jennifer S. Kim

Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Ausgabe 6/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The age at which the majority of children outgrow cow’s milk allergy now appears to be later than previously reported. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate factors that may help prevent cow’s milk allergy, assess markers of persistence, and evaluate the usefulness of new diagnostic methods. Strict avoidance of cow’s milk has been the mainstay of treatment. However, given the potential nutritional, social, and immunologic ramifications of cow’s milk elimination from a child’s diet, there has been a focus on reevaluating this therapeutic approach.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(3):638–46. Epub 2007/07/14.PubMedCrossRef Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(3):638–46. Epub 2007/07/14.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Heine RG, Elsayed S, Hosking CS, Hill DJ. Cow's milk allergy in infancy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;2(3):217–25. Epub 2002/06/05.PubMedCrossRef Heine RG, Elsayed S, Hosking CS, Hill DJ. Cow's milk allergy in infancy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;2(3):217–25. Epub 2002/06/05.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Host A. Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy. Some clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1994;5(5 Suppl):1–36. Epub 1994/01/01. Host A. Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy. Some clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1994;5(5 Suppl):1–36. Epub 1994/01/01.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvinen KM, Chatchatee P. Mammalian milk allergy: clinical suspicion, cross-reactivities and diagnosis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9(3):251–8. Epub 2009/05/05.PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen KM, Chatchatee P. Mammalian milk allergy: clinical suspicion, cross-reactivities and diagnosis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9(3):251–8. Epub 2009/05/05.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Host A, Halken S. A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life. Clinical course in relation to clinical and immunological type of hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy. 1990;45(8):587–96. Epub 1990/11/01.PubMedCrossRef Host A, Halken S. A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life. Clinical course in relation to clinical and immunological type of hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy. 1990;45(8):587–96. Epub 1990/11/01.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Saarinen KM, Juntunen-Backman K, Jarvenpaa AL, Kuitunen P, Lope L, Renlund M, et al. Supplementary feeding in maternity hospitals and the risk of cow's milk allergy: a prospective study of 6209 infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104(2 Pt 1):457–61. Epub 1999/08/19.PubMedCrossRef Saarinen KM, Juntunen-Backman K, Jarvenpaa AL, Kuitunen P, Lope L, Renlund M, et al. Supplementary feeding in maternity hospitals and the risk of cow's milk allergy: a prospective study of 6209 infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104(2 Pt 1):457–61. Epub 1999/08/19.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Schrander JJ, van den Bogart JP, Forget PP, Schrander-Stumpel CT, Kuijten RH, Kester AD. Cow's milk protein intolerance in infants under 1 year of age: a prospective epidemiological study. Eur J Pediatr. 1993;152(8):640–4. Epub 1993/08/01.PubMedCrossRef Schrander JJ, van den Bogart JP, Forget PP, Schrander-Stumpel CT, Kuijten RH, Kester AD. Cow's milk protein intolerance in infants under 1 year of age: a prospective epidemiological study. Eur J Pediatr. 1993;152(8):640–4. Epub 1993/08/01.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat • Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):668–76. e1-2. Epub 2011/03/08. This population-based study of 2,848 one-year-old infants in Australia provided cow’s milk allergy prevalence data.PubMedCrossRef • Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):668–76. e1-2. Epub 2011/03/08. This population-based study of 2,848 one-year-old infants in Australia provided cow’s milk allergy prevalence data.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Osterballe M, Hansen TK, Mortz CG, Host A, Bindslev-Jensen C. The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in an unselected population of children and adults. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16(7):567–73. Epub 2005/10/22. Osterballe M, Hansen TK, Mortz CG, Host A, Bindslev-Jensen C. The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in an unselected population of children and adults. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16(7):567–73. Epub 2005/10/22.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvinen KM, Sicherer SH, Sampson HA, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Use of multiple doses of epinephrine in food-induced anaphylaxis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(1):133–8. Epub 2008/06/13.PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen KM, Sicherer SH, Sampson HA, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Use of multiple doses of epinephrine in food-induced anaphylaxis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(1):133–8. Epub 2008/06/13.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Du Toit G. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(5):455–63. Epub 2007/07/10. Du Toit G. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(5):455–63. Epub 2007/07/10.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wal JM. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93(5 Suppl 3):S2–11. Epub 2004/11/26.PubMedCrossRef Wal JM. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93(5 Suppl 3):S2–11. Epub 2004/11/26.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Restani P, Ballabio C, Di Lorenzo C, Tripodi S, Fiocchi A. Molecular aspects of milk allergens and their role in clinical events. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009;395(1):47–56. Epub 2009/07/07.PubMedCrossRef Restani P, Ballabio C, Di Lorenzo C, Tripodi S, Fiocchi A. Molecular aspects of milk allergens and their role in clinical events. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009;395(1):47–56. Epub 2009/07/07.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy. 1996;51(6):412–6. Epub 1996/06/01.PubMed Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy. 1996;51(6):412–6. Epub 1996/06/01.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Natale M, Bisson C, Monti G, Peltran A, Garoffo LP, Valentini S, et al. Cow's milk allergens identification by two-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2004;48(5):363–9. Epub 2005/01/27.PubMedCrossRef Natale M, Bisson C, Monti G, Peltran A, Garoffo LP, Valentini S, et al. Cow's milk allergens identification by two-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2004;48(5):363–9. Epub 2005/01/27.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaudin JC, Rabesona H, Choiset Y, Yeretssian G, Chobert JM, Sakanyan V, et al. Assessment of the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response to milk-specific proteins in allergic patients using microarrays. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(4):686–93. Epub 2008/03/01.PubMedCrossRef Gaudin JC, Rabesona H, Choiset Y, Yeretssian G, Chobert JM, Sakanyan V, et al. Assessment of the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response to milk-specific proteins in allergic patients using microarrays. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(4):686–93. Epub 2008/03/01.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen WL, Hwang MT, Liau CY, Ho JC, Hong KC, Mao SJ. Beta-lactoglobulin is a thermal marker in processed milk as studied by electrophoresis and circular dichroic spectra. J Dairy Sci. 2005;88(5):1618–30. Epub 2005/04/15.PubMedCrossRef Chen WL, Hwang MT, Liau CY, Ho JC, Hong KC, Mao SJ. Beta-lactoglobulin is a thermal marker in processed milk as studied by electrophoresis and circular dichroic spectra. J Dairy Sci. 2005;88(5):1618–30. Epub 2005/04/15.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehn BM, Ekstrand B, Bengtsson U, Ahlstedt S. Modification of IgE binding during heat processing of the cow's milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(5):1398–403. Epub 2004/03/05.PubMedCrossRef Ehn BM, Ekstrand B, Bengtsson U, Ahlstedt S. Modification of IgE binding during heat processing of the cow's milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(5):1398–403. Epub 2004/03/05.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Bloom KA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Wanich N, et al. Tolerance to extensively heated milk in children with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(2):342–7. 7 e1-2. Epub 2008/07/16.PubMedCrossRef Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Bloom KA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Wanich N, et al. Tolerance to extensively heated milk in children with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(2):342–7. 7 e1-2. Epub 2008/07/16.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat • Jyonouchi S, Abraham V, Orange JS, Spergel JM, Gober L, Dudek E, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells from children with versus without food allergy exhibit differential responsiveness to milk-derived sphingomyelin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):102–9. e13. Epub 2011/04/05. This study introduced a novel mechanism in cow’s milk allergy. Milk sphingomyelin was shown to induce invariant natural kill T-cell activation and T H 2 cytokine production that is more exuberant in children with IgE-mediated CMA.PubMedCrossRef • Jyonouchi S, Abraham V, Orange JS, Spergel JM, Gober L, Dudek E, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells from children with versus without food allergy exhibit differential responsiveness to milk-derived sphingomyelin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):102–9. e13. Epub 2011/04/05. This study introduced a novel mechanism in cow’s milk allergy. Milk sphingomyelin was shown to induce invariant natural kill T-cell activation and T H 2 cytokine production that is more exuberant in children with IgE-mediated CMA.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiocchi A, Terracciano L, Bouygue GR, Veglia F, Sarratud T, Martelli A, et al. Incremental prognostic factors associated with cow's milk allergy outcomes in infant and child referrals: the Milan Cow's Milk Allergy Cohort study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101(2):166–73. Epub 2008/08/30.PubMedCrossRef Fiocchi A, Terracciano L, Bouygue GR, Veglia F, Sarratud T, Martelli A, et al. Incremental prognostic factors associated with cow's milk allergy outcomes in infant and child referrals: the Milan Cow's Milk Allergy Cohort study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101(2):166–73. Epub 2008/08/30.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop JM, Hill DJ, Hosking CS. Natural history of cow milk allergy: clinical outcome. J Pediatr. 1990;116(6):862–7. Epub 1990/06/01.PubMedCrossRef Bishop JM, Hill DJ, Hosking CS. Natural history of cow milk allergy: clinical outcome. J Pediatr. 1990;116(6):862–7. Epub 1990/06/01.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Skripak JM, Matsui EC, Mudd K, Wood RA. The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(5):1172–7. Epub 2007/10/16.PubMedCrossRef Skripak JM, Matsui EC, Mudd K, Wood RA. The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(5):1172–7. Epub 2007/10/16.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Elizur A, Rajuan N, Goldberg MR, Leshno M, Cohen A, Katz Y. Natural course and risk factors for persistence of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Journal Pediatr. 2012. Epub 2012/04/07. Elizur A, Rajuan N, Goldberg MR, Leshno M, Cohen A, Katz Y. Natural course and risk factors for persistence of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Journal Pediatr. 2012. Epub 2012/04/07.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen KJ, Davidson GP, Day AS, Hill DJ, Kemp AS, Peake JE, et al. Management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants and young children: an expert panel perspective. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(9):481–6. Epub 2009/08/26.PubMedCrossRef Allen KJ, Davidson GP, Day AS, Hill DJ, Kemp AS, Peake JE, et al. Management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants and young children: an expert panel perspective. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(9):481–6. Epub 2009/08/26.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson HA. Update on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):805–19. quiz 20. Epub 2004/05/08.PubMedCrossRef Sampson HA. Update on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):805–19. quiz 20. Epub 2004/05/08.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Host A, Halken S, Jacobsen HP, Christensen AE, Herskind AM, Plesner K. Clinical course of cow's milk protein allergy/intolerance and atopic diseases in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002;13 Suppl 15:23–8. Epub 2003/04/12. Host A, Halken S, Jacobsen HP, Christensen AE, Herskind AM, Plesner K. Clinical course of cow's milk protein allergy/intolerance and atopic diseases in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002;13 Suppl 15:23–8. Epub 2003/04/12.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kvenshagen B, Halvorsen R, Jacobsen M. Adverse reactions to milk in infants. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(2):196–200. Epub 2008/02/08.PubMedCrossRef Kvenshagen B, Halvorsen R, Jacobsen M. Adverse reactions to milk in infants. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(2):196–200. Epub 2008/02/08.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Venter C, Pereira B, Grundy J, Clayton CB, Roberts G, Higgins B, et al. Incidence of parentally reported and clinically diagnosed food hypersensitivity in the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(5):1118–24. Epub 2006/05/06.PubMedCrossRef Venter C, Pereira B, Grundy J, Clayton CB, Roberts G, Higgins B, et al. Incidence of parentally reported and clinically diagnosed food hypersensitivity in the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(5):1118–24. Epub 2006/05/06.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Bock SA, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Further fatalities caused by anaphylactic reactions to food, 2001–2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(4):1016–8. Epub 2007/02/20.PubMedCrossRef Bock SA, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Further fatalities caused by anaphylactic reactions to food, 2001–2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(4):1016–8. Epub 2007/02/20.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Pumphrey RS. Fatal anaphylaxis in the UK, 1992–2001. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;257:116–28. discussion 28–32, 57–60, 276–85. Epub 2004/03/18.PubMedCrossRef Pumphrey RS. Fatal anaphylaxis in the UK, 1992–2001. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;257:116–28. discussion 28–32, 57–60, 276–85. Epub 2004/03/18.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson HA, Mendelson L, Rosen JP. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(6):380–4. Epub 1992/08/06.PubMedCrossRef Sampson HA, Mendelson L, Rosen JP. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(6):380–4. Epub 1992/08/06.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MB, Goldberg MR, Nachshon L, Tabachnik E, Katz Y. Lessons from cases of mortality due to food allergy in Israel: cow's milk protein should be considered a potentially fatal allergen. Isr Med Assoc J. 14(1):29–33. Epub 2012/05/26. Levy MB, Goldberg MR, Nachshon L, Tabachnik E, Katz Y. Lessons from cases of mortality due to food allergy in Israel: cow's milk protein should be considered a potentially fatal allergen. Isr Med Assoc J. 14(1):29–33. Epub 2012/05/26.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Fleisher DM, Perry T, Atkins A, Wood RA, Burks W, Jones SM, et al. Allergic reactions to foods in preschool-aged children in a prospective observational food allergy study. Pediatrics. 2012. Epub June 25, 2012. This prospective, five-site observational study of 512 infants with CMA reported that allergic reactions were most frequently triggered by milk. They also reported that reaction severity was not statistically different between those induced by peanuts and those induced by milk. •• Fleisher DM, Perry T, Atkins A, Wood RA, Burks W, Jones SM, et al. Allergic reactions to foods in preschool-aged children in a prospective observational food allergy study. Pediatrics. 2012. Epub June 25, 2012. This prospective, five-site observational study of 512 infants with CMA reported that allergic reactions were most frequently triggered by milk. They also reported that reaction severity was not statistically different between those induced by peanuts and those induced by milk.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiocchi A, Schunemann HJ, Brozek J, Restani P, Beyer K, Troncone R, et al. Diagnosis and Rationale for Action Against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA): a summary report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6):1119–28. e12. Epub 2010/12/08.PubMedCrossRef Fiocchi A, Schunemann HJ, Brozek J, Restani P, Beyer K, Troncone R, et al. Diagnosis and Rationale for Action Against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA): a summary report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6):1119–28. e12. Epub 2010/12/08.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Panel NI-SE, Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6 Suppl):S1–58. Epub 2010/12/16. Panel NI-SE, Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6 Suppl):S1–58. Epub 2010/12/16.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Perry TT, Matsui EC, Kay Conover-Walker M, Wood RA. The relationship of allergen-specific IgE levels and oral food challenge outcome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(1):144–9. Epub 2004/07/09.PubMedCrossRef Perry TT, Matsui EC, Kay Conover-Walker M, Wood RA. The relationship of allergen-specific IgE levels and oral food challenge outcome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(1):144–9. Epub 2004/07/09.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hill DJ, Heine RG, Hosking CS. The diagnostic value of skin prick testing in children with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004;15(5):435–41. Epub 2004/10/16. Hill DJ, Heine RG, Hosking CS. The diagnostic value of skin prick testing in children with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004;15(5):435–41. Epub 2004/10/16.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson HA. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(5):891–6. Epub 2001/05/10.PubMedCrossRef Sampson HA. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(5):891–6. Epub 2001/05/10.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Ara C, Boyano-Martinez T, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz F, Reche-Frutos M, Martin-Esteban M. Specific IgE levels in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to cows' milk protein in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):185–90. Epub 2001/01/10.PubMedCrossRef Garcia-Ara C, Boyano-Martinez T, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz F, Reche-Frutos M, Martin-Esteban M. Specific IgE levels in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to cows' milk protein in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):185–90. Epub 2001/01/10.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Godbold JH, Sampson HA. Correlation of serum allergy (IgE) tests performed by different assay systems. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(5):1219–24. Epub 2008/02/05.PubMedCrossRef Wang J, Godbold JH, Sampson HA. Correlation of serum allergy (IgE) tests performed by different assay systems. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(5):1219–24. Epub 2008/02/05.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton RG, Mudd K, White MA, Wood RA. Extension of food allergen specific IgE ranges from the ImmunoCAP to the IMMULITE systems. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107(2):139–44. Epub 2011/08/02.PubMedCrossRef Hamilton RG, Mudd K, White MA, Wood RA. Extension of food allergen specific IgE ranges from the ImmunoCAP to the IMMULITE systems. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107(2):139–44. Epub 2011/08/02.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim TE, Park SW, Cho NY, Choi SY, Yong TS, Nahm BH, et al. Quantitative measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE on protein chip. Exp Mol Med. 2002;34(2):152–8. Epub 2002/06/28.PubMed Kim TE, Park SW, Cho NY, Choi SY, Yong TS, Nahm BH, et al. Quantitative measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE on protein chip. Exp Mol Med. 2002;34(2):152–8. Epub 2002/06/28.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Noh G, Ahn HS, Cho NY, Lee S, Oh JW. The clinical significance of food specific IgE/IgG4 in food specific atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(1):63–70. Epub 2007/02/14. Noh G, Ahn HS, Cho NY, Lee S, Oh JW. The clinical significance of food specific IgE/IgG4 in food specific atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(1):63–70. Epub 2007/02/14.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ott H, Baron JM, Heise R, Ocklenburg C, Stanzel S, Merk HF, et al. Clinical usefulness of microarray-based IgE detection in children with suspected food allergy. Allergy. 2008;63(11):1521–8. Epub 2008/10/18.PubMedCrossRef Ott H, Baron JM, Heise R, Ocklenburg C, Stanzel S, Merk HF, et al. Clinical usefulness of microarray-based IgE detection in children with suspected food allergy. Allergy. 2008;63(11):1521–8. Epub 2008/10/18.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Ito K, Futamura M, Moverare R, Tanaka A, Kawabe T, Sakamoto T, et al. The usefulness of casein-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in cow's milk allergic children. Clin Mol Allergy: CMA. 2012;10(1):1. Epub 2012/01/04. In this study, casein IgE was deemed the best discriminating test in children with CMA.PubMedCrossRef •• Ito K, Futamura M, Moverare R, Tanaka A, Kawabe T, Sakamoto T, et al. The usefulness of casein-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in cow's milk allergic children. Clin Mol Allergy: CMA. 2012;10(1):1. Epub 2012/01/04. In this study, casein IgE was deemed the best discriminating test in children with CMA.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Ara MC, Boyano-Martinez MT, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz MF, Martin-Esteban M. Cow's milk-specific immunoglobulin E levels as predictors of clinical reactivity in the follow-up of the cow's milk allergy infants. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34(6):866–70. Epub 2004/06/16.PubMedCrossRef Garcia-Ara MC, Boyano-Martinez MT, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz MF, Martin-Esteban M. Cow's milk-specific immunoglobulin E levels as predictors of clinical reactivity in the follow-up of the cow's milk allergy infants. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34(6):866–70. Epub 2004/06/16.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiocchi A, Restani P, Riva E. Beef allergy in children. Nutrition. 2000;16(6):454–7. Epub 2000/06/28.PubMedCrossRef Fiocchi A, Restani P, Riva E. Beef allergy in children. Nutrition. 2000;16(6):454–7. Epub 2000/06/28.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Werfel SJ, Cooke SK, Sampson HA. Clinical reactivity to beef in children allergic to cow's milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99(3):293–300. Epub 1997/03/01.PubMedCrossRef Werfel SJ, Cooke SK, Sampson HA. Clinical reactivity to beef in children allergic to cow's milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99(3):293–300. Epub 1997/03/01.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Osborn DA, Sinn J. Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD003664. Epub 2006/10/21. Osborn DA, Sinn J. Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD003664. Epub 2006/10/21.
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowe AJ, Hosking CS, Bennett CM, Allen KJ, Axelrad C, Carlin JB, et al. Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(2):360–5. e4. Epub 2011/06/24.PubMedCrossRef Lowe AJ, Hosking CS, Bennett CM, Allen KJ, Axelrad C, Carlin JB, et al. Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(2):360–5. e4. Epub 2011/06/24.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat von Berg A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Kramer U, Link E, Bollrath C, Brockow I, et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(6):1442–7. Epub 2008/06/10.CrossRef von Berg A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Kramer U, Link E, Bollrath C, Brockow I, et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(6):1442–7. Epub 2008/06/10.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat von Berg A, Koletzko S, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Laubereau B, Grubl A, Wichmann HE, et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(3):718–25. Epub 2007/01/24.CrossRef von Berg A, Koletzko S, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Laubereau B, Grubl A, Wichmann HE, et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(3):718–25. Epub 2007/01/24.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat von Berg A, Koletzko S, Grubl A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Wichmann HE, Bauer CP, et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111(3):533–40. Epub 2003/03/19.CrossRef von Berg A, Koletzko S, Grubl A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Wichmann HE, Bauer CP, et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111(3):533–40. Epub 2003/03/19.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Christie L, Hine RJ, Parker JG, Burks W. Food allergies in children affect nutrient intake and growth. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(11):1648–51. Epub 2002/11/27.PubMedCrossRef Christie L, Hine RJ, Parker JG, Burks W. Food allergies in children affect nutrient intake and growth. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(11):1648–51. Epub 2002/11/27.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Tiainen JM, Nuutinen OM, Kalavainen MP. Diet and nutritional status in children with cow's milk allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49(8):605–12. Epub 1995/08/01.PubMed Tiainen JM, Nuutinen OM, Kalavainen MP. Diet and nutritional status in children with cow's milk allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49(8):605–12. Epub 1995/08/01.PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Carvalho NF, Kenney RD, Carrington PH, Hall DE. Severe nutritional deficiencies in toddlers resulting from health food milk alternatives. Pediatrics. 2001;107(4):E46. Epub 2001/05/23.PubMedCrossRef Carvalho NF, Kenney RD, Carrington PH, Hall DE. Severe nutritional deficiencies in toddlers resulting from health food milk alternatives. Pediatrics. 2001;107(4):E46. Epub 2001/05/23.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen J, Cazassus F, Atallah A, Baba N, Sibille G, Coriatt D. [Kwashiorkor after an exclusion diet for eczema]. Presse Med. 2001;30(30):1496–7. Epub 2001/11/20. Kwashiorkor apres regime d'eviction pour eczema.PubMed Nguyen J, Cazassus F, Atallah A, Baba N, Sibille G, Coriatt D. [Kwashiorkor after an exclusion diet for eczema]. Presse Med. 2001;30(30):1496–7. Epub 2001/11/20. Kwashiorkor apres regime d'eviction pour eczema.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Novembre E, Leo G, Cianferoni A, Bernardini R, Pucci N, Vierucci A. Severe hypoproteinemia in infant with AD. Allergy. 2003;58(1):88–9. Epub 2003/02/13.PubMedCrossRef Novembre E, Leo G, Cianferoni A, Bernardini R, Pucci N, Vierucci A. Severe hypoproteinemia in infant with AD. Allergy. 2003;58(1):88–9. Epub 2003/02/13.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Host A, Koletzko B, Dreborg S, Muraro A, Wahn U, Aggett P, et al. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1999;81(1):80–4. Epub 1999/06/18.PubMedCrossRef Host A, Koletzko B, Dreborg S, Muraro A, Wahn U, Aggett P, et al. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1999;81(1):80–4. Epub 1999/06/18.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemp AS, Hill DJ, Allen KJ, Anderson K, Davidson GP, Day AS, et al. Guidelines for the use of infant formulas to treat cows milk protein allergy: an Australian consensus panel opinion. Med J Aust. 2008;188(2):109–12. Epub 2008/01/22.PubMed Kemp AS, Hill DJ, Allen KJ, Anderson K, Davidson GP, Day AS, et al. Guidelines for the use of infant formulas to treat cows milk protein allergy: an Australian consensus panel opinion. Med J Aust. 2008;188(2):109–12. Epub 2008/01/22.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E, Hill D, Oranje AP, Brueton M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92(10):902–8. Epub 2007/09/27.PubMedCrossRef Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E, Hill D, Oranje AP, Brueton M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92(10):902–8. Epub 2007/09/27.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvinen KM, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Suomalainen H. Cow's milk challenge through human milk evokes immune responses in infants with cow's milk allergy. J Pediatr. 1999;135(4):506–12. Epub 1999/10/13.PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen KM, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Suomalainen H. Cow's milk challenge through human milk evokes immune responses in infants with cow's milk allergy. J Pediatr. 1999;135(4):506–12. Epub 1999/10/13.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Lifschitz CH, Hawkins HK, Guerra C, Byrd N. Anaphylactic shock due to cow's milk protein hypersensitivity in a breast-fed infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1988;7(1):141–4. Epub 1988/01/01.PubMedCrossRef Lifschitz CH, Hawkins HK, Guerra C, Byrd N. Anaphylactic shock due to cow's milk protein hypersensitivity in a breast-fed infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1988;7(1):141–4. Epub 1988/01/01.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Hypoallergenic infant formulas. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2 Pt 1):346–9. Epub 2000/08/02. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Hypoallergenic infant formulas. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2 Pt 1):346–9. Epub 2000/08/02.
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Durham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM, Jacobson MR, O'Brien F, Noble W, et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(7):468–75. Epub 1999/08/12.PubMedCrossRef Durham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM, Jacobson MR, O'Brien F, Noble W, et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(7):468–75. Epub 1999/08/12.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg A, Confino-Cohen R. Bee venom immunotherapy - how early is it effective? Allergy. 2010;65(3):391–5. Epub 2009/10/21.PubMedCrossRef Goldberg A, Confino-Cohen R. Bee venom immunotherapy - how early is it effective? Allergy. 2010;65(3):391–5. Epub 2009/10/21.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Lerch E, Muller UR. Long-term protection after stopping venom immunotherapy: results of re-stings in 200 patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101(5):606–12. Epub 1998/05/26.PubMedCrossRef Lerch E, Muller UR. Long-term protection after stopping venom immunotherapy: results of re-stings in 200 patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101(5):606–12. Epub 1998/05/26.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Muller U, Thurnheer U, Patrizzi R, Spiess J, Hoigne R. Immunotherapy in bee sting hypersensitivity. Bee venom versus wholebody extract. Allergy. 1979;34(6):369–78. Epub 1979/12/01.PubMedCrossRef Muller U, Thurnheer U, Patrizzi R, Spiess J, Hoigne R. Immunotherapy in bee sting hypersensitivity. Bee venom versus wholebody extract. Allergy. 1979;34(6):369–78. Epub 1979/12/01.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson HS. Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(4):635–42. Epub 2004/04/22.PubMedCrossRef Nelson HS. Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(4):635–42. Epub 2004/04/22.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Norman PS. Immunotherapy: 1999–2004. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(6):1013–23. quiz 24. Epub 2004/06/23.PubMedCrossRef Norman PS. Immunotherapy: 1999–2004. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(6):1013–23. quiz 24. Epub 2004/06/23.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ross RN, Nelson HS, Finegold I. Effectiveness of specific immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: an analysis of randomized, prospective, single- or double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Clin Ther. 2000;22(3):342–50. Epub 2000/08/30.PubMedCrossRef Ross RN, Nelson HS, Finegold I. Effectiveness of specific immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: an analysis of randomized, prospective, single- or double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Clin Ther. 2000;22(3):342–50. Epub 2000/08/30.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker SM, Pajno GB, Lima MT, Wilson DR, Durham SR. Grass pollen immunotherapy for seasonal rhinitis and asthma: a randomized, controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):87–93. Epub 2001/01/10.PubMedCrossRef Walker SM, Pajno GB, Lima MT, Wilson DR, Durham SR. Grass pollen immunotherapy for seasonal rhinitis and asthma: a randomized, controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):87–93. Epub 2001/01/10.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, Christensen F, Leung DY. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;90(2):256–62. Epub 1992/08/01.PubMedCrossRef Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, Christensen F, Leung DY. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;90(2):256–62. Epub 1992/08/01.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, Bock A, Leung D. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99(6 Pt 1):744–51. Epub 1997/06/01.PubMedCrossRef Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, Bock A, Leung D. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99(6 Pt 1):744–51. Epub 1997/06/01.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Skripak JM, Nash SD, Rowley H, Brereton NH, Oh S, Hamilton RG, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of milk oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(6):1154–60. Epub 2008/10/28.PubMedCrossRef Skripak JM, Nash SD, Rowley H, Brereton NH, Oh S, Hamilton RG, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of milk oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(6):1154–60. Epub 2008/10/28.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Longo G, Barbi E, Berti I, Meneghetti R, Pittalis A, Ronfani L, et al. Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(2):343–7. Epub 2007/12/26.PubMedCrossRef Longo G, Barbi E, Berti I, Meneghetti R, Pittalis A, Ronfani L, et al. Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(2):343–7. Epub 2007/12/26.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Martorell A, De la Hoz B, Ibanez MD, Bone J, Terrados MS, Michavila A, et al. Oral desensitization as a useful treatment in 2-year-old children with cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011;41(9):1297–304. Epub 2011/04/13.PubMedCrossRef Martorell A, De la Hoz B, Ibanez MD, Bone J, Terrados MS, Michavila A, et al. Oral desensitization as a useful treatment in 2-year-old children with cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011;41(9):1297–304. Epub 2011/04/13.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Morisset M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Guenard L, Cuny JM, Frentz P, Hatahet R, et al. Oral desensitization in children with milk and egg allergies obtains recovery in a significant proportion of cases. A randomized study in 60 children with cow's milk allergy and 90 children with egg allergy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;39(1):12–9. Epub 2007/03/23.PubMed Morisset M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Guenard L, Cuny JM, Frentz P, Hatahet R, et al. Oral desensitization in children with milk and egg allergies obtains recovery in a significant proportion of cases. A randomized study in 60 children with cow's milk allergy and 90 children with egg allergy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;39(1):12–9. Epub 2007/03/23.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Ruggeri P, De Luca R, Vita D, La Rosa M, et al. Oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy with a weekly up-dosing regimen: a randomized single-blind controlled study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105(5):376–81. Epub 2010/11/09.PubMedCrossRef Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Ruggeri P, De Luca R, Vita D, La Rosa M, et al. Oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy with a weekly up-dosing regimen: a randomized single-blind controlled study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105(5):376–81. Epub 2010/11/09.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Brozek JL, Terracciano L, Hsu J, Kreis J, Compalati E, Santesso N, et al. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 42(3):363–74. Epub 2012/02/24. Brozek JL, Terracciano L, Hsu J, Kreis J, Compalati E, Santesso N, et al. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 42(3):363–74. Epub 2012/02/24.
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Keet CA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Thyagarajan A, Schroeder JT, Hamilton RG, Boden S, et al. The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 129(2):448–55, 55 e1-5. Epub 2011/12/02. Keet CA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Thyagarajan A, Schroeder JT, Hamilton RG, Boden S, et al. The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 129(2):448–55, 55 e1-5. Epub 2011/12/02.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Dupont C, Kalach N, Soulaines P, Legoue-Morillon S, Piloquet H, Benhamou PH. Cow's milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: a pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(5):1165–7. Epub 2010/05/11.PubMedCrossRef Dupont C, Kalach N, Soulaines P, Legoue-Morillon S, Piloquet H, Benhamou PH. Cow's milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: a pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(5):1165–7. Epub 2010/05/11.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Scurlock AM, Burks AW, Jones SM. Oral immunotherapy for food allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009;9(3):186–93. Epub 2009/04/08.PubMedCrossRef Scurlock AM, Burks AW, Jones SM. Oral immunotherapy for food allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009;9(3):186–93. Epub 2009/04/08.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat • Nadeau KC, Schneider LC, Hoyte L, Borras I, Umetsu DT. Rapid oral desensitization in combination with omalizumab therapy in patients with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(6):1622–4. Epub 2011/05/07. In this pilot phase I study, omalizumab treatment combined with oral milk desensitization in children with CMA was found to permit rapid milk dose escalation in the majority of subjects..PubMedCrossRef • Nadeau KC, Schneider LC, Hoyte L, Borras I, Umetsu DT. Rapid oral desensitization in combination with omalizumab therapy in patients with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(6):1622–4. Epub 2011/05/07. In this pilot phase I study, omalizumab treatment combined with oral milk desensitization in children with CMA was found to permit rapid milk dose escalation in the majority of subjects..PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9262):1076–9. Epub 2001/04/12.PubMedCrossRef Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9262):1076–9. Epub 2001/04/12.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Kim JS, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Sicherer SH, Noone S, Moshier EL, Sampson HA. Dietary baked milk accelerates the resolution of cow's milk allergy in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 128(1):125–31 e2. Epub 2011/05/24. This study demonstrated that the addition of baked milk to the diet of children who tolerated such foods may accelerate the development of unheated milk tolerance, as compared wilth those who avoided milk strictly. •• Kim JS, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Sicherer SH, Noone S, Moshier EL, Sampson HA. Dietary baked milk accelerates the resolution of cow's milk allergy in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 128(1):125–31 e2. Epub 2011/05/24. This study demonstrated that the addition of baked milk to the diet of children who tolerated such foods may accelerate the development of unheated milk tolerance, as compared wilth those who avoided milk strictly.
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Fiocchi A. Rare, medium, or well done? The effect of heating and food matrix on food protein allergenicity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9(3):234–7. Epub 2009/05/16.PubMedCrossRef Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Fiocchi A. Rare, medium, or well done? The effect of heating and food matrix on food protein allergenicity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9(3):234–7. Epub 2009/05/16.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas K, Herouet-Guicheney C, Ladics G, Bannon G, Cockburn A, Crevel R, et al. Evaluating the effect of food processing on the potential human allergenicity of novel proteins: international workshop report. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(7):1116–22. Epub 2007/03/31.PubMedCrossRef Thomas K, Herouet-Guicheney C, Ladics G, Bannon G, Cockburn A, Crevel R, et al. Evaluating the effect of food processing on the potential human allergenicity of novel proteins: international workshop report. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(7):1116–22. Epub 2007/03/31.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooke SK, Sampson HA. Allergenic properties of ovomucoid in man. J Immunol. 1997;159(4):2026–32. Epub 1997/08/15.PubMed Cooke SK, Sampson HA. Allergenic properties of ovomucoid in man. J Immunol. 1997;159(4):2026–32. Epub 1997/08/15.PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Bardina L, Mishoe M, Sampson HA. Specificity of IgE antibodies to sequential epitopes of hen's egg ovomucoid as a marker for persistence of egg allergy. Allergy. 2007;62(7):758–65. Epub 2007/06/19.PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Bardina L, Mishoe M, Sampson HA. Specificity of IgE antibodies to sequential epitopes of hen's egg ovomucoid as a marker for persistence of egg allergy. Allergy. 2007;62(7):758–65. Epub 2007/06/19.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvinen KM, Chatchatee P, Bardina L, Beyer K, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG binding epitopes on alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in cow's milk allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2001;126(2):111–8. Epub 2001/12/01.PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen KM, Chatchatee P, Bardina L, Beyer K, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG binding epitopes on alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in cow's milk allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2001;126(2):111–8. Epub 2001/12/01.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Lin J, Bardina L, Goldis M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Shreffler WG, et al. Correlation of IgE/IgG4 milk epitopes and affinity of milk-specific IgE antibodies with different phenotypes of clinical milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125(3):695–702, e1- e6. Epub 2010/03/17. Wang J, Lin J, Bardina L, Goldis M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Shreffler WG, et al. Correlation of IgE/IgG4 milk epitopes and affinity of milk-specific IgE antibodies with different phenotypes of clinical milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125(3):695–702, e1- e6. Epub 2010/03/17.
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelucchi C, Chatenoud L, Turati F, Galeone C, Moja L, Bach JF, et al. Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology. 2012;23(3):402–14. Epub 2012/03/24.PubMedCrossRef Pelucchi C, Chatenoud L, Turati F, Galeone C, Moja L, Bach JF, et al. Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology. 2012;23(3):402–14. Epub 2012/03/24.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat • Berni Canani R, Nocerino R, Terrin G, Coruzzo A, Cosenza L, Leone L, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk allergy: a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(2):580–2. 2 e1-5. Epub 2011/11/15. This randomized study involving infants with strongly suspected cow’s milk allergy suggested that supplementation of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with lactobacillus GG accelerates development of tolerance to cow's milk protein.PubMedCrossRef • Berni Canani R, Nocerino R, Terrin G, Coruzzo A, Cosenza L, Leone L, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk allergy: a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(2):580–2. 2 e1-5. Epub 2011/11/15. This randomized study involving infants with strongly suspected cow’s milk allergy suggested that supplementation of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with lactobacillus GG accelerates development of tolerance to cow's milk protein.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat • Savilahti EM, Viljanen M, Kuitunen M, Savilahti E. Cow's milk and ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgA in children with eczema: low beta-lactoglobulin-specific IgG4 levels are associated with cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012. Epub 2012/03/23. This study suggested that supplementation of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with Lactobacillus GG accelerated the development of tolerance to cow’s milk in infants. • Savilahti EM, Viljanen M, Kuitunen M, Savilahti E. Cow's milk and ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgA in children with eczema: low beta-lactoglobulin-specific IgG4 levels are associated with cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol: Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012. Epub 2012/03/23. This study suggested that supplementation of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with Lactobacillus GG accelerated the development of tolerance to cow’s milk in infants.
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Karlsson MR, Rugtveit J, Brandtzaeg P. Allergen-responsive CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in children who have outgrown cow's milk allergy. J Exp Med. 2004;199(12):1679–88. Epub 2004/06/16.PubMedCrossRef Karlsson MR, Rugtveit J, Brandtzaeg P. Allergen-responsive CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in children who have outgrown cow's milk allergy. J Exp Med. 2004;199(12):1679–88. Epub 2004/06/16.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children
verfasst von
Faith Huang
Jennifer S. Kim
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2012
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0289-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2012

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 6/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (JM Portnoy and CE Ciaccio, Section Editors)

A New Model for Environmental Assessment and Exposure Reduction

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (JM Portnoy and CE Ciaccio, Section Editors)

Innovations in Technology: Social Media and Mobile Technology in the Care of Adolescents with Asthma

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

HNO-Op. auch mit über 90?

16.04.2024 HNO-Chirurgie Nachrichten

Mit Blick auf das Risiko für Komplikationen nach elektiven Eingriffen im HNO-Bereich scheint das Alter der Patienten kein ausschlaggebender Faktor zu sein. Entscheidend ist offenbar, wie fit die Betroffenen tatsächlich sind.

Intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie gewinnt an Boden

16.04.2024 Tonsillektomie Nachrichten

Gegenüber der vollständigen Entfernung der Gaumenmandeln hat die intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie einige Vorteile, wie HNO-Fachleute aus den USA hervorheben. Sie haben die aktuelle Literatur zu dem Verfahren gesichtet.

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.