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Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie 12/2023

02.11.2023 | Impfungen | Gynäkologie aktuell

HPV-Impfung: neue Daten und Indikation in der Sekundärprävention

verfasst von: Ulrike Wieland, Prof. Dr. med. Monika Hampl

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 12/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Humane Papillomviren (HPV) verursachen zahlreiche gut- und bösartige Läsionen/Tumore von Haut- und Schleimhaut, darunter Genitalwarzen, die rekurrierende Larynxpapillomatose (RLP), Krebsvorstufen und Karzinome von Zervix, Vulva, Vagina, Anus und Penis sowie Oropharynxkarzinome. Weltweit werden 4–5 % aller Krebserkrankungen durch HPV verursacht. Die meisten HPV-bedingten Erkrankungen sind impfpräventabel, wichtig sind dabei ein junges Impfalter bzw. HPV-Naivität. In Ländern mit hohen HPV-Impfraten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sieht man bereits jetzt einen starken Rückgang von Genitalwarzen, hochgradigen Zervixdysplasien (zervikale intraepitheliale Neoplasie, CIN2+) und Zervixkarzinomen. Der Off-label-Einsatz der HPV-Impfung bei Konisation bzw. bei vorliegenden HPV-Läsionen wird kontrovers diskutiert. Drei Metaanalysen zur HPV-Impfung für die Postkonisationsprophylaxe zeigen eine unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte Risikoreduktion für die Entwicklung von CIN2+ nach Konisation, bisher liegen nur 2 kontrollierte Studien dazu vor. Auch für die RLP kommen Metaanalysen zu dem Schluss, dass die Off-label-HPV-Impfung als adjuvante Therapie nützlich sein könnte, aber weitere Studien notwendig sind. Die Elimination des Zervixkarzinoms ist ein Ziel der WHO (World Health Organization). Dazu sind HPV-Impfraten von 90 % bei Mädchen bis zum 15. Lebensjahr notwendig. In Deutschland sind Anstrengungen zur Erhöhung der Impfraten notwendig, da die HPV-Impfquote bei 15-jährigen Mädchen nur bei 54 % liegt.
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Metadaten
Titel
HPV-Impfung: neue Daten und Indikation in der Sekundärprävention
verfasst von
Ulrike Wieland
Prof. Dr. med. Monika Hampl
Publikationsdatum
02.11.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 12/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-023-05164-z

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