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Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie 6/2008

01.06.2008 | Leitthema

Indikation und Ergebnisse hüftnaher Osteotomien bei Dysplasie

verfasst von: M. Jäger, B. Westhoff, C. Zilkens, K. Weimann-Stahlschmidt, Prof. Dr. R. Krauspe

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 6/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Rekonstruierende Eingriffe am wachsenden Skelett stellen sowohl in der Indikationsstellung als auch aus operationstechnischer Sicht eine große Herausforderung für den behandelnden Orthopäden dar. Neben der Skelettreife und Gewebequalität zum Operationszeitpunkt müssen die Art und das Ausmaß einer Fehlstellung, die zugrunde liegende Erkrankung sowie die Gesamtprognose in die Entscheidungsfindung für oder gegen ein Operationsverfahren eingeschlossen werden. Die Hüftgelenkdysplasie ist die häufigste Deformität, welche reorientierende Operationen am Hüftgelenk im Kindes- und Jugendalter indiziert. Dabei werden prophylaktische Operationen durchgeführt, um einer frühzeitigen sekundären Hüftarthrose vorzubeugen. Für Patienten und Familien aber auch für den Orthopäden ist die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung von großer Bedeutung.

Methoden

Es werden Techniken und Besonderheiten der einzelnen rekonstruktiven Operationstechniken am Hüfgelenk beschrieben, deren Ergebnisse anhand einer Literaturübersicht dargestellt und kritisch mit den eigenen Erfahrungen verglichen und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Es liegen nur wenige Langzeitstudien zum klinischen Ergebnis nach definierten, rekonstruierenden Operationen am Hüftgelenk im Kindes- und Jugendalter vor. Das Ausmaß der Deformität, die Grunderkrankung, das Patientenalter und die operative Erfahrung des orthopädischen Chirurgen sind wichtige Entscheidungshilfen bei der Wahl eines Operationsverfahrens. Im frühen Kindesalter hat sich bei der operativen Therapie der Hüftgelenkdysplasie insbesondere die Azetabuloplastik und die Salter-Osteotomie durchgesetzt, während im fortgeschrittenen Jugendalter die Dreifachbeckenosteotomie gute Ergebnisse zeigt. Bei geschlossenen Wachstumsfugen kann mit der periazatabulären Osteotomie nach Ganz ebenfalls ein gutes Korrekturergebnis erzielt werden. Intertrochantäre varisierende und derotierende Osteotomien am Femur dienen insbesondere als additive Verfahren zur Beckenosteotomie und werden heute kaum mehr als Einzelverfahren zur Gelenkreorientierung bei Hüftgelenkdysplasie durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung

Rekonstruierende Eingriffe am Hüfgelenk führen bei sachgemäßer Indikationsstellung und technisch korrekter Durchführung in den meisten Fällen zur Funktionsverbesserung am Hüftgelenk und können die Entstehung einer frühzeitigen Koxarthrose verzögern oder verhindern.
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Metadaten
Titel
Indikation und Ergebnisse hüftnaher Osteotomien bei Dysplasie
verfasst von
M. Jäger
B. Westhoff
C. Zilkens
K. Weimann-Stahlschmidt
Prof. Dr. R. Krauspe
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 6/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-008-1240-6

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