Background
Methods
Population
Source of mortality data
Definition of infant deaths
Study design
Analyses
Cause of mortality
Infant death rates
Results
Causes of death
Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % | Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % |
1
| pneumonia | 341 | 12.3% |
1
| acute viral syndrome/influenza | 234 | 12.4% |
2
| prematurity | 327 | 11.8% |
2
| congenital heart defects | 207 | 11.0% |
3
| acute viral syndrome/influenza | 292 | 10.5% |
3
| pneumonia | 195 | 10.4% |
4
| congenital heart defects | 284 | 10.2% |
4
| prematurity | 183 | 9.7% |
5
| asphyxia | 164 | 5.9% |
5
| asphyxia | 110 | 5.8% |
6
| cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 152 | 5.5% |
6
| multiple congenital defects | 97 | 5.2% |
7
| multiple congenital defects | 146 | 5.2% |
7
| cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 94 | 5.0% |
All other | 1082 | 38.8% | All other | 1244 | 40.5% | ||
Total
| 2788 | 100.0% |
Total
| 1884 | 100.0% |
Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % | Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % |
1
| prematurity | 314 | 21.5% |
1
| prematurity | 166 | 17.7% |
2
| congenital heart defects | 154 | 10.6% |
2
| congenital heart defects | 114 | 12.2% |
3
| pneumonia | 149 | 10.2% |
3
| pneumonia | 94 | 10.0% |
4
| asphyxia | 112 | 7.7% |
4
| multiple congenital defects | 78 | 8.3% |
5
| multiple congenital defects | 102 | 7.0% |
5
| asphyxia | 72 | 7.7% |
6
| birth trauma | 69 | 4.7% |
6
| acute viral syndrome/influenza | 41 | 4.4% |
All other | 563 | 38.5% | All other | 373 | 39.8 | ||
Total
| 1463 | 100.0% |
Total
| 938 | 100.0% |
Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % | Rank | Category (ICD) | # | % |
1
| acute viral syndrome/influenza | 243 | 18.6% |
1
| acute viral syndrome/influenza | 192 | 20.5% |
2
| pneumonia | 192 | 14.7% |
2
| pneumonia | 101 | 10.8% |
3
| congenital heart defects | 128 | 9.8% |
3
| congenital heart defects | 93 | 9.9% |
4
| cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 92 | 7.0% |
4
| cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 61 | 6.5% |
5
| gastroenteritis | 55 | 4.2% |
5
| gastroenteritis | 46 | 4.9% |
6
| asphyxia | 52 | 4.0% |
6
| asphyxia | 38 | 4.1% |
All other | 563 | 42.5% | All other | 415 | 43.9% | ||
Total
| 1325 | 100.0% |
Total
| 946 | 100.0% |
Trends in annual death rates
Patterns of deaths by time interval
1980–1985 | 1986–1991 | 1992–2000 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cause | Num | % | Cause | Num | % | Cause | Num | % | |
Neonatal (0–28 days)
| |||||||||
1. | prematurity | 132 | 14.8% | prematurity | 167 | 23.5% | prematurity | 181 | 22.7% |
2. | pneumonia | 121 | 13.6% | congenital heart defects | 92 | 12.9% | congenital heart defects | 102 | 12.8% |
3. | asphyxia | 76 | 8.5% | asphyxia | 63 | 8.9% | multiple congenital defects | 78 | 9.8% |
4. | congenital heart defects | 74 | 8.3% | pneumonia | 59 | 8.3% | pneumonia | 63 | 7.9% |
5. | acute viral syndrome/influenza | 57 | 6.4% | multiple congenital defects | 53 | 7.4% | cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 61 | 7.6% |
6. | birth trauma | 57 | 6.4% | intracranial hemorrhage/bleeding | 37 | 5.2% | intracranial hemorrhage/bleeding | 47 | 5.9% |
Other | 373 | 42.0% | Other | 241 | 33.8% | Other | 267 | 33.4% | |
Total | 890 | 100.0% | Total | 712 | 100.0% | Total | 799 | 100.0% | |
Postneonatal (29–364 days)
| |||||||||
1. | acute viral syndrome/influenza | 232 | 21.9% | acute viral syndrome/influenza | 129 | 21.0% | acute viral syndrome/influenza | 74 | 12.8% |
2. | pneumonia | 175 | 16.5% | congenital heart defects | 70 | 11.4% | cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 71 | 12.3% |
3. | congenital heart defects | 82 | 7.8% | pneumonia | 64 | 10.4% | congenital heart defects | 69 | 11.9% |
4. | gastroenteritis | 52 | 4.9% | cardiopulmonary insufficiency | 48 | 7.8% | pneumonia | 54 | 9.3% |
5. | sepsis | 49 | 4.6% | asphyxia | 27 | 4.4% | asphyxia | 29 | 5.0% |
6. | meningococcemia | 34 | 3.2% | meningococcemia | 26 | 4.2% | upper airway obstruction | 28 | 4.8% |
Other | 445 | 41.6% | Other | 256 | 41.3% | Other | 257 | 44.2% | |
Total | 1069 | 100.0% | Total | 620 | 100.0% | Total | 582 | 100.0% |
Trends in death rates by time interval
Male | Female | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at death (Time Period) | Num+ | Rate++ | RR* (95% CI)** | Num+ | Rate | RR* (95% CI)** |
Infant (<1 Year)
| ||||||
1980–1985 | 1189 | 19.08 | 770 | 12.94 | ||
1986–1991 | 781 | 12.96 |
0.68 (0.62–0.74) | 551 | 9.54 |
0.74 (0.66–0.83) |
1992–2000 | 818 | 13.78 |
0.72 (0.67–0.81) | 563 | 10.09 |
0.78 (0.70–0.87) |
Neonatal (0–28 days)
| ||||||
1980–1985 | 559 | 8.97 | 331 | 5.56 | ||
1986–1991 | 423 | 7.02 |
0.78 (0.69–0.88) | 289 | 5.01 |
0.90 (0.77–1.05) |
1992–2000 | 481 | 8.10 |
0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 318 | 5.70 |
1.03(0.88–1.20) |
Postneonatal (29–364 days)
| ||||||
1980–1985 | 630 | 10.11 | 439 | 7.38 | ||
1986–1991 | 358 | 5.94 |
0.59 (0.52–0.67) | 262 | 4.54 |
0.62 (0.53–0.72) |
1992–2000 | 337 | 5.68 |
0.56 (0.50–0.65) | 245 | 4.39 |
0.59 (0.50–0.68) |
Comparison with US & Russia
Time interval | 1980–1985 | 1986–1991 | 1992–2000 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate Mogilev | United States | Russian Federation | Rate Mogilev | United States | Russian Federation | Rate Mogilev | United States | Russian Federation | |
RR* (95% CI)** | RR* (95% CI)** | RR* (95% CI)** | RR* (95% CI)** | RR* (95% CI)** | RR* (95% CI)** | ||||
Infant (<1 Year)
| |||||||||
All | 16.08 |
1.41 (1.35–1.47) |
0.75 (0.72–0.78) | 11.29 |
1.16 (1.10–1.22) |
0.64 (0.61–0.68) | 11.99 |
1.60 (1.52–1.69) |
0.64 (0.61–0.67) |
Male | 19.08 |
1.51 (1.43–1.69) |
***
| 12.95 |
1.20 (1.19–1.29) |
***
| 13.77 |
1.67 (1.56–1.79) |
***
|
Female | 12.94 |
1.28 (1.19–1.37) |
***
| 9.54 |
1.11 (1.03–1.21) |
***
| 10.08 |
1.54 (1.42–1.67) |
***
|
Neonatal (0 to 28 days)
| |||||||||
All | 7.31 |
0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
0.72 (0.67–0.77) | 6.03 |
0.98 (0.91–1.05) |
0.55 (0.52–0.59) | 6.94 |
1.41 (1.32–1.51) |
0.41 (0.38–0.44) |
Male | 8.97 |
1.08 (1.00–1.17) |
***
| 7.02 |
1.04 (0.95–1.14) |
***
| 8.10 |
1.51 (1.38–1.65) |
***
|
Female | 5.56 |
0.82 (0.74–0.91) |
***
| 5.01 |
0.91 (0.81–1.02) |
***
| 5.70 |
1.27 (1.14–1.42) |
***
|
Postneonatal (29–364 days)
| |||||||||
All | 8.78 |
2.27 (2.09–2.47) |
0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 5.25 |
1.51 (1.35–1.68) |
0.78 (0.72–0.84) | 5.05 |
1.99 (1.77–2.23) |
0.71 (0.65–0.77) |
Male | 10.11 |
2.34 (2.17–2.62) |
***
| 5.94 |
1.52 (1.38–1.69) |
***
| 5.68 |
1.98 (1.78–2.20) |
***
|
Female | 7.38 |
2.18 (1.99–2.39) |
***
| 4.54 |
1.49 (1.32–1.68) |
***
| 4.39 |
2.09 (1.96–21.24) |
***
|