Background
Methods
Participants and procedures
Determination of CYP2A6 and COMT polymorphisms
Determination of urinary nicotine and cotinine
The effects of gene polymorphism interactions on smoking behaviors
Statistical analysis
Results
Genotypes | Current smokers [n = 261 (n%)] | Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium | Never smokers [n = 219 (n%)] | Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium |
---|---|---|---|---|
CYP2A6 | Pa = 0.713 | Pa = 0.332 | ||
1A/1A | 63 (24.1) | 46 (21.0) | ||
1A/1B | 100 (38.3) | 88 (40.2) | ||
1B/1B | 44 (16.9) | 31 (14.2) | ||
1A/4C | 24 (9.2) | 25 (11.4) | ||
4C/4C | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.37) | ||
1B/4C | 26 (10.0) | 26 (11.9) | ||
COMT rs4680 | Pb = 0.003 | Pb = 0.012 | ||
G/G | 147 (56.3) | 113 (51.6) | ||
G/A | 73 (28.0) | 69 (31.5) | ||
A/A | 41 (15.7) | 37 (16.9) | ||
COMTrs165599 | Pc = 0.966 | Pc = 0.668 | ||
A/A | 61 (23.4) | 45 (20.6) | ||
A/G | 130 (49.8) | 112 (51.1) | ||
G/G | 70 (26.8) | 62 (28.3) |
Genotypes interaction | Current smokers N = 261 | Never smokers N = 219 | OR (95% CI) | Pa
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | ||||
CYP2A6 | ||||
Wild type | 63 | 46 | 1.0 | |
High activity | 144 | 119 | 0.88 (0.56–1.39) | 0.591 |
Low activity | 54 | 54 | 0.73 (0.43–1.25) | 0.249 |
Model 2 | ||||
COMT | ||||
COMT rs4680 | ||||
Wild type | 147 | 113 | 1.0 | |
Variant | 114 | 106 | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 0.301 |
COMT rs165599 | ||||
Wild type | 61 | 45 | 1.0 | |
Variant | 200 | 174 | 0.85 (0.55–1.31) | 0.458 |
Model 3 | ||||
COMT rs4680/COMT rs165599 | ||||
Wild type/wild type | 27 | 13 | 1.0 | |
Wild type/variant | 120 | 100 | 0.58 (0.28–1.18) | 0.128 |
Variant/wild type | 34 | 32 | 0.51 (0.23–1.16) | 0.107 |
Variant/variant | 80 | 74 | 0.52 (0.25–1.08) | 0.078 |
Model 4 | ||||
COMT rs4680 wild type | ||||
CYP2A6 wild type | 35 | 25 | 1.0 | |
CYP2A6 high activity | 76 | 65 | 0.84 (0.45–1.54) | 0.563 |
CYP2A6 low activity | 36 | 23 | 1.12 (0.54–2.33) | 0.765 |
Model 5 | ||||
COMT rs4680 variant | ||||
CYP2A6 wild type | 28 | 21 | 1.0 | |
CYP2A6 high activity | 68 | 54 | 0.94 (0.48–1.84) | 0.867 |
CYP2A6 low activity | 18 | 31 | 0.44 (0.19–0.98) | 0.043 |
Model 6 | ||||
COMT rs165599 wild type | ||||
CYP2A6 wild type | 15 | 8 | 1.0 | |
CYP2A6 high activity | 33 | 30 | 0.59 (0.22–1.58) | 0.289 |
CYP2A6 low activity | 13 | 7 | 0.99 (0.28–3.48) | 0.988 |
Model 7 | ||||
COMT rs165599 variant | ||||
CYP2A6 wild type | 48 | 38 | 1.0 | |
CYP2A6 high activity | 111 | 89 | 0.99 (0.59–1.64) | 0.961 |
CYP2A6 low activity | 41 | 47 | 0.69 (0.38–1.26) | 0.224 |
N | Adjusted urinary nicotine, ng/μL median (min–max) | Adjusted urinary cotinine, ng/μL median (min–max) | |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | |||
CYP2A6 | |||
Wild type | 17 | 86.23 (6.14–296.36) | 120.90 (20.39–485.32) |
High activity | 76 | 70.45 (6.28–1117.87) | 111.08 (8.34–822.11) |
Low activity | 29 | 61.59 (15.28–456.87) | 75.87 (10.87–266.44) |
Pa
| NS | NS | |
Model 2 | |||
COMT | |||
COMT rs4680 | |||
Wild type | 66 | 63.86 (6.28–646.38) | 92.46 (8.34–506.97) |
Variant | 56 | 67.87 (6.14–1117.87) | 118.24 (13.59–822.11) |
Pa
| NS | 0.041 | |
COMT rs165599 | |||
Wild type | 27 | 68.10 (12.42–212.74) | 89.42 (23.06–218.62) |
Variant | 95 | 64.11 (6.14–1117.87) | 107.24 (8.34–822.11) |
Pa
| NS | NS | |
Model 3 | |||
COMT rs4680/COMT rs165599 | |||
Wild type/wild type | 13 | 89.29 (12.42–212.74) | 79.37 (23.06–218.62) |
Wild type/variant | 53 | 63.61 (6.28–646.38) | 97.10 (8.34–506.97)* |
Variant/wild type | 14 | 67.87 (15.28–177.61) | 95.86 (32.18–202.0) |
Variant/variant | 42 | 69.46 (6.14–1117.87) | 122.18 (13.59–822.11)* |
Pa
| NS | ||
Model 4 | |||
COMT rs4680 wild type | |||
CYP2A6 wild type | 9 | 95.04 (25.04–296.36) | 105.70 (53.48–485.32) |
CYP2A6 high activity | 39 | 72.99 (6.28–646.38) | 97.45 (8.34–506.97) |
CYP2A6 low activity | 18 | 42.54 (19.38–371.29) | 60.20 (10.87–266.44) |
Pa
| NS | NS | |
Model 5 | |||
COMT rs4680 variant | |||
CYP2A6 wild type | 8 | 74.91 (6.14–217.41) | 141.53 (20.39–228.68) |
CYP2A6 high activity | 37 | 68.10 (17.68–1117.87) | 115.78 (13.59–822.11) |
CYP2A6 low activity | 11 | 66.13 (15.28–456.87) | 161.65 (39.19–224.53) |
Pa
| NS | NS | |
Model 6 | |||
COMT rs165599 wild type | |||
CYP2A6 wild type | 3 | 95.04 (62.36–188.57) | 102.30 (79.37–120.90) |
CYP2A6 high activity | 17 | 67.64 (12.42–212.74) | 89.42 (32.18–218.62) |
CYP2A6 low activity | 7 | 78.05 (15.28–177.61) | 63.55 (23.06–202.00) |
Pa
| NS | NS | |
Model 7 | |||
COMT rs165599 variant | |||
CYP2A6 wild type | 14 | 74.92 (6.14–296.36) | 141.53 (20.39–485.32) |
CYP2A6 high activity | 59 | 72.99 (6.28–1117.87) | 111.09 (8.34–822.11) |
CYP2A6 low activity | 22 | 59.62 (19.38–456.87) | 81.66 (10.87–266.44) |
Pa
| NS | NS |