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Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie 1/2023

14.12.2022 | Künstliche Intelligenz | Leitthema

Neue Technologien und Robotik

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Christiane Kruppa, Dr. med. Sebastian Benner, Dr. rer. medic. Alexis Brinkemper, PD Dr. med. Mirko Aach, Dr. med. Christoph Reimertz, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas A. Schildhauer

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 1/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Immer diffizilere Computer- und Elektromotorentechnik ermöglicht den zunehmenden Einsatz und Ausbau robotergestützter Systeme in der unfallchirurgischen Rehabilitation. Die derzeit verfügbaren Devices finden jedoch selten eine flächendeckende Anwendung, sondern werden häufig im Rahmen von Pilotprojekten/-studien eingesetzt. Unterschiedliche technologische Ansätze wie u. a. „exoskeletale Systeme“, „functional electrical stimulation“, „soft robotics“, „neurobotics“ und „brain-machine interface“ werden genutzt und kombiniert, um die Kommunikation zwischen z. B. residualer Muskulatur oder Hirnströmen zu lesen, zu verarbeiten, auf das ausführende Device zu übertragen und die gewünschte Ausführung zu ermöglichen.
Die größte Evidenz besteht derzeit für exoskeletale Systeme mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen im Rahmen der Gang- und Standrehabilitation bei querschnittsgelähmten PatientInnen. Ihr Einsatz spielt aber auch eine Rolle bei der Rehabilitation hüftgelenknaher Frakturen oder endoprothetischer Versorgung. „single joint systeme“ werden ebenfalls im Rahmen der Rehabilitation funktionseingeschränkter Extremitäten, z. B. nach Knieprothesenimplantation, erprobt. An dieser Stelle ist die derzeitige Datenlage jedoch noch zu gering, um eine eindeutige Aussage über den Nutzen dieser Technologien im unfallchirurgischen „Kerngeschäft“ der Rehabilitation nach Frakturen und anderen Gelenkverletzungen treffen zu können.
Für die Rehabilitation nach Extremitätenamputation ist neben der Weiterentwicklung myoelektrischer Prothesen die derzeitige Entwicklung „fühlender“ Prothesen von hohem Interesse. Der 3D-Druck spielt bei der Herstellung individualisierter Devices ebenfalls eine Rolle.
Aufgrund des derzeitigen Fortschritts der künstlichen Intelligenz in allen Bereichen sind bahnbrechende Weiterentwicklungen und flächendeckende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Rehabilitation unfallchirurgischer PatientInnen zu erwarten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neue Technologien und Robotik
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Christiane Kruppa
Dr. med. Sebastian Benner
Dr. rer. medic. Alexis Brinkemper
PD Dr. med. Mirko Aach
Dr. med. Christoph Reimertz
Prof. Dr. med. Thomas A. Schildhauer
Publikationsdatum
14.12.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 1/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-022-01270-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2023

Die Unfallchirurgie 1/2023 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
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Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

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