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Erschienen in: Der Hautarzt 12/2010

01.12.2010 | CME Weiterbildung · Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Kutane Kalziphylaxie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. U. Wollina

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 12/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Die Kalziphylaxie ist ein dermatologischer Notfall mit einer Mortalität von bis zu 80%. Charakteristisch ist die Trias der arteriolären Mediaverkalkung, thrombotisch kutaner Ischämie und nekrotischer Ulzerationen. Früherkennung hilft, Komplikationen wie die Sepsis zu vermeiden. Der Dermatologe kann aufgrund der Hautveränderungen und mithilfe der Histopathologie frühzeitig die Diagnose stellen. Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz sind am häufigsten von der Kalziphylaxie betroffen. Die häufigsten nichturämischen Erkrankungen sind der primäre Hyperparathyreoidismus, Malignome, alkoholbedingte Leberkrankungen und autoimmune Bindegewebserkrankungen. Die medikamentöse Behandlung zielt auf eine Normalisierung der Mineralstörungen ab, um die Serumkonzentration von Kalziumphosphat zu vermindern und somit auch Präzipitation und Kalzifizierung vorzubeugen. Neuere Substanzen sind Bisphosphonate, Nonkalzium-/Nonaluminium-haltige Phosphatbinder, Cinacalcet, Paricalcitol und Natriumthiosulfat. Unter den chirurgischen Methoden zeigt die alleinige Parathyroidektomie in retrospektiven Studien keinen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil. Ein verbessertes Überleben fand sich hingegen für eine (aggressive) chirurgische Therapie der nekrotischen Ulzera. Frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und multidisziplinäre Behandlung einschließlich Revaskularisierung durch den Gefäßchirurgen, wiederholtes chirurgisches Débridement und Hauttransplantation können zur verbesserten Wundheilung und zum Extremitätenerhalt beitragen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kutane Kalziphylaxie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. U. Wollina
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 12/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-2026-4

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Dermatoskopie - Fall des Monats

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