Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Child's Nervous System 8/2017

09.05.2017 | Original Paper

Large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma is associated with poor prognosis—a retrospective analysis at a single institute

verfasst von: Pin-I Huang, Shih-Chieh Lin, Yi-Yen Lee, Donald Ming-Tak Ho, Wan-Yuo Guo, Kai-Ping Chang, Feng-Chi Chang, Muh-Lii Liang, Hsin-Hung Chen, Yu-Ming Liu, Sang-Hue Yen, Tai-Tong Wong, Yi-Wei Chen

Erschienen in: Child's Nervous System | Ausgabe 8/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most commonly occurring malignant pediatric brain tumor worldwide. However, a recent study found that the treatment outcomes in those with high-risk disease receiving conventional treatment were suboptimal. This study aimed to assess outcomes and treatment strategies for specific histologic subtypes of pediatric MB.

Methods

A total of 114 pediatric patients (age < 20 years) diagnosed with MB between March 1998 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed; 52 that were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CHT) were included.

Results

The 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were 73 and 69%, respectively. Median time to relapse was 17 months with a median survival time of 6 months after relapse. Patients of average risk had a better 5-year OS rate compared with high-risk patients (p = 0.027). The 5-year RFS of high-risk patients was lower compared with average risk (p = 0.038). A greater proportion of patients with large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) MB had recurrence than classic MB with 5-year RFS rate of 34 and 76%, respectively (p = 0.001), and OS rate of 56 and 76%, respectively (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

High-risk group and histology of LC/A were the most significant factors associated with worse OS and RFS. Patients with LC/A-MB had higher relapse rates and worse survival than those with classic MB. LC/A-MB carries a high risk for recurrence and should be treated with the more aggressive strategies.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong TT, Ho DM, Chang KP, Yen SH, Guo WY, Chang FC, Liang ML, Pan HC, Chung WY (2005) Primary pediatric brain tumors: statistics of Taipei VGH, Taiwan (1975-2004). Cancer 104:2156–2167CrossRefPubMed Wong TT, Ho DM, Chang KP, Yen SH, Guo WY, Chang FC, Liang ML, Pan HC, Chung WY (2005) Primary pediatric brain tumors: statistics of Taipei VGH, Taiwan (1975-2004). Cancer 104:2156–2167CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat EC H (2011) Pediatric radiation oncology. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia EC H (2011) Pediatric radiation oncology. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerber NU, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Resch A, Rutkowski S (2014) Recent developments and current concepts in medulloblastoma. Cancer Treat Rev 40:356–365CrossRefPubMed Gerber NU, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Resch A, Rutkowski S (2014) Recent developments and current concepts in medulloblastoma. Cancer Treat Rev 40:356–365CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (2007) The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 114:97–109CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (2007) The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 114:97–109CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong TT, Liu YL, Ho DM, Chang KP, Liang ML, Chen HH, Lee YY, Chang FC, Lin SC, Hsu TR, Chen KW, Kwang WK, Hou WY, Wang CY, Yen SH, Guo WY, Chen YW (2015) Factors affecting survival of medulloblastoma in children: the changing concept of management. Child’s nervous system : ChNS. official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 31:1687–1698 Wong TT, Liu YL, Ho DM, Chang KP, Liang ML, Chen HH, Lee YY, Chang FC, Lin SC, Hsu TR, Chen KW, Kwang WK, Hou WY, Wang CY, Yen SH, Guo WY, Chen YW (2015) Factors affecting survival of medulloblastoma in children: the changing concept of management. Child’s nervous system : ChNS. official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 31:1687–1698
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Giangaspero F, Rigobello L, Badiali M, Loda M, Andreini L, Basso G, Zorzi F, Montaldi A (1992) Large-cell medulloblastomas. A distinct variant with highly aggressive behavior. Am J Surg Pathol 16:687–693CrossRefPubMed Giangaspero F, Rigobello L, Badiali M, Loda M, Andreini L, Basso G, Zorzi F, Montaldi A (1992) Large-cell medulloblastomas. A distinct variant with highly aggressive behavior. Am J Surg Pathol 16:687–693CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Eberhart CG, Kepner JL, Goldthwaite PT, Kun LE, Duffner PK, Friedman HS, Strother DR, Burger PC (2002) Histopathologic grading of medulloblastomas: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Cancer 94:552–560CrossRefPubMed Eberhart CG, Kepner JL, Goldthwaite PT, Kun LE, Duffner PK, Friedman HS, Strother DR, Burger PC (2002) Histopathologic grading of medulloblastomas: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Cancer 94:552–560CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown HG, Kepner JL, Perlman EJ, Friedman HS, Strother DR, Duffner PK, Kun LE, Goldthwaite PT, Burger PC (2000) “Large cell/anaplastic” medulloblastomas: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:857–865CrossRefPubMed Brown HG, Kepner JL, Perlman EJ, Friedman HS, Strother DR, Duffner PK, Kun LE, Goldthwaite PT, Burger PC (2000) “Large cell/anaplastic” medulloblastomas: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:857–865CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Eberhart CG, Burger PC (2003) Anaplasia and grading in medulloblastomas. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 13:376–385CrossRef Eberhart CG, Burger PC (2003) Anaplasia and grading in medulloblastomas. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 13:376–385CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Min HS, Lee YJ, Park K, Cho BK, Park SH (2006) Medulloblastoma: histopathologic and molecular markers of anaplasia and biologic behavior. Acta Neuropathol 112:13–20CrossRefPubMed Min HS, Lee YJ, Park K, Cho BK, Park SH (2006) Medulloblastoma: histopathologic and molecular markers of anaplasia and biologic behavior. Acta Neuropathol 112:13–20CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Pediatric Radiation Oncology; Wolters Kluwer/Lipponcott Williams & Wilkins. 5th Edition. TUMORS OF POST FOSSA Pediatric Radiation Oncology; Wolters Kluwer/Lipponcott Williams & Wilkins. 5th Edition. TUMORS OF POST FOSSA
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee WK, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Kleihues P, Ellison DW (2016) The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 131:803–820CrossRefPubMed Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee WK, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Kleihues P, Ellison DW (2016) The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 131:803–820CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho DM, Hsu CY, Wong TT, Ting LT, Chiang H (2000) Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system: a comparative study with primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol 99:482–488CrossRefPubMed Ho DM, Hsu CY, Wong TT, Ting LT, Chiang H (2000) Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system: a comparative study with primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol 99:482–488CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, Gwyther SG (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:205–216CrossRef Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, Gwyther SG (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:205–216CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat McManamy CS, Lamont JM, Taylor RE, Cole M, Pearson AD, Clifford SC, Ellison DW (2003) Morphophenotypic variation predicts clinical behavior in childhood non-desmoplastic medulloblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62:627–632CrossRefPubMed McManamy CS, Lamont JM, Taylor RE, Cole M, Pearson AD, Clifford SC, Ellison DW (2003) Morphophenotypic variation predicts clinical behavior in childhood non-desmoplastic medulloblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62:627–632CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat von Hoff K, Hinkes B, Gerber NU, Deinlein F, Mittler U, Urban C, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, Soerensen N, Zwiener I, Goette H, Schlegel PG, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Kuehl J, Rutkowski S (2009) Long-term outcome and clinical prognostic factors in children with medulloblastoma treated in the prospective randomised multicentre trial HIT'91. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 45:1209–1217CrossRef von Hoff K, Hinkes B, Gerber NU, Deinlein F, Mittler U, Urban C, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, Soerensen N, Zwiener I, Goette H, Schlegel PG, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Kuehl J, Rutkowski S (2009) Long-term outcome and clinical prognostic factors in children with medulloblastoma treated in the prospective randomised multicentre trial HIT'91. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 45:1209–1217CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lannering B, Rutkowski S, Doz F, Pizer B, Gustafsson G, Navajas A, Massimino M, Reddingius R, Benesch M, Carrie C, Taylor R, Gandola L, Bjork-Eriksson T, Giralt J, Oldenburger F, Pietsch T, Figarella-Branger D, Robson K, Forni M, Clifford SC, Warmuth-Metz M, von Hoff K, Faldum A, Mosseri V, Kortmann R (2012) Hyperfractionated versus conventional radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy in standard-risk medulloblastoma: results from the randomized multicenter HIT-SIOP PNET 4 trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 30:3187–3193CrossRef Lannering B, Rutkowski S, Doz F, Pizer B, Gustafsson G, Navajas A, Massimino M, Reddingius R, Benesch M, Carrie C, Taylor R, Gandola L, Bjork-Eriksson T, Giralt J, Oldenburger F, Pietsch T, Figarella-Branger D, Robson K, Forni M, Clifford SC, Warmuth-Metz M, von Hoff K, Faldum A, Mosseri V, Kortmann R (2012) Hyperfractionated versus conventional radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy in standard-risk medulloblastoma: results from the randomized multicenter HIT-SIOP PNET 4 trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 30:3187–3193CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Packer RJ, Gajjar A, Vezina G, Rorke-Adams L, Burger PC, Robertson PL, Bayer L, LaFond D, Donahue BR, Marymont MH, Muraszko K, Langston J, Sposto R (2006) Phase III study of craniospinal radiation therapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed average-risk medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 24:4202–4208CrossRef Packer RJ, Gajjar A, Vezina G, Rorke-Adams L, Burger PC, Robertson PL, Bayer L, LaFond D, Donahue BR, Marymont MH, Muraszko K, Langston J, Sposto R (2006) Phase III study of craniospinal radiation therapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed average-risk medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 24:4202–4208CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Finlay JL, Albright AL, Rorke LB, Milstein JM, Allen JC, Stevens KR, Stanley P, Li H, Wisoff JH, Geyer JR, McGuire-Cullen P, Stehbens JA, Shurin SB, Packer RJ (1999) Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children’s Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:832–845CrossRef Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Finlay JL, Albright AL, Rorke LB, Milstein JM, Allen JC, Stevens KR, Stanley P, Li H, Wisoff JH, Geyer JR, McGuire-Cullen P, Stehbens JA, Shurin SB, Packer RJ (1999) Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children’s Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:832–845CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellison DW, Kocak M, Dalton J, Megahed H, Lusher ME, Ryan SL, Zhao W, Nicholson SL, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC (2011) Definition of disease-risk stratification groups in childhood medulloblastoma using combined clinical, pathologic, and molecular variables. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 29:1400–1407CrossRef Ellison DW, Kocak M, Dalton J, Megahed H, Lusher ME, Ryan SL, Zhao W, Nicholson SL, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC (2011) Definition of disease-risk stratification groups in childhood medulloblastoma using combined clinical, pathologic, and molecular variables. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 29:1400–1407CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Emser A, Zwiener I, Pietsch T, Figarella-Branger D, Giangaspero F, Ellison DW, Garre ML, Biassoni V, Grundy RG, Finlay JL, Dhall G, Raquin MA, Grill J (2010) Survival and prognostic factors of early childhood medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 28:4961–4968CrossRef Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Emser A, Zwiener I, Pietsch T, Figarella-Branger D, Giangaspero F, Ellison DW, Garre ML, Biassoni V, Grundy RG, Finlay JL, Dhall G, Raquin MA, Grill J (2010) Survival and prognostic factors of early childhood medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 28:4961–4968CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellison DW, Dalton J, Kocak M, Nicholson SL, Fraga C, Neale G, Kenney AM, Brat DJ, Perry A, Yong WH, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Gilbertson RJ (2011) Medulloblastoma: clinicopathological correlates of SHH, WNT, and non-SHH/WNT molecular subgroups. Acta Neuropathol 121:381–396CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ellison DW, Dalton J, Kocak M, Nicholson SL, Fraga C, Neale G, Kenney AM, Brat DJ, Perry A, Yong WH, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Gilbertson RJ (2011) Medulloblastoma: clinicopathological correlates of SHH, WNT, and non-SHH/WNT molecular subgroups. Acta Neuropathol 121:381–396CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Witt H, Hielscher T, Eberhart CG, Mack S, Bouffet E, Clifford SC, Hawkins CE, French P, Rutka JT, Pfister S, Taylor MD (2011) Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular variants. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 29:1408–1414CrossRef Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Witt H, Hielscher T, Eberhart CG, Mack S, Bouffet E, Clifford SC, Hawkins CE, French P, Rutka JT, Pfister S, Taylor MD (2011) Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular variants. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 29:1408–1414CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Remke M, Cho YJ, Clifford SC, Eberhart CG, Parsons DW, Rutkowski S, Gajjar A, Ellison DW, Lichter P, Gilbertson RJ, Pomeroy SL, Kool M, Pfister SM (2012) Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol 123:465–472CrossRefPubMed Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Remke M, Cho YJ, Clifford SC, Eberhart CG, Parsons DW, Rutkowski S, Gajjar A, Ellison DW, Lichter P, Gilbertson RJ, Pomeroy SL, Kool M, Pfister SM (2012) Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol 123:465–472CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin AM, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Cohen KJ (2014) Management of pediatric and adult patients with medulloblastoma. Curr Treat Options in Oncol 15:581–594CrossRef Martin AM, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Cohen KJ (2014) Management of pediatric and adult patients with medulloblastoma. Curr Treat Options in Oncol 15:581–594CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat del Charco JO, Bolek TW, McCollough WM, Maria BL, Kedar A, Braylan RC, Mickle JP, Buatti JM, Mendenhall NP, Marcus RB Jr (1998) Medulloblastoma: time-dose relationship based on a 30-year review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:147–154PubMed del Charco JO, Bolek TW, McCollough WM, Maria BL, Kedar A, Braylan RC, Mickle JP, Buatti JM, Mendenhall NP, Marcus RB Jr (1998) Medulloblastoma: time-dose relationship based on a 30-year review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:147–154PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kortmann RD, Kuhl J, Timmermann B, Mittler U, Urban C, Budach V, Richter E, Willich N, Flentje M, Berthold F, Slavc I, Wolff J, Meisner C, Wiestler O, Sorensen N, Warmuth-Metz M, Bamberg M (2000) Postoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radiotherapy as compared to immediate radiotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma in childhood: results of the German prospective randomized trial HIT '91. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:269–279CrossRefPubMed Kortmann RD, Kuhl J, Timmermann B, Mittler U, Urban C, Budach V, Richter E, Willich N, Flentje M, Berthold F, Slavc I, Wolff J, Meisner C, Wiestler O, Sorensen N, Warmuth-Metz M, Bamberg M (2000) Postoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radiotherapy as compared to immediate radiotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma in childhood: results of the German prospective randomized trial HIT '91. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:269–279CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rieken S, Mohr A, Habermehl D, Welzel T, Lindel K, Witt O, Kulozik AE, Wick W, Debus J, Combs SE (2011) Outcome and prognostic factors of radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:e7–e13CrossRefPubMed Rieken S, Mohr A, Habermehl D, Welzel T, Lindel K, Witt O, Kulozik AE, Wick W, Debus J, Combs SE (2011) Outcome and prognostic factors of radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:e7–e13CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Merchant TE, Kun LE, Krasin MJ, Wallace D, Chintagumpala MM, Woo SY, Ashley DM, Sexton M, Kellie SJ, Ahern V, Gajjar A (2008) Multi-institution prospective trial of reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation (23.4 Gy) followed by conformal posterior fossa (36 Gy) and primary site irradiation (55.8 Gy) and dose-intensive chemotherapy for average-risk medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70:782–787CrossRefPubMed Merchant TE, Kun LE, Krasin MJ, Wallace D, Chintagumpala MM, Woo SY, Ashley DM, Sexton M, Kellie SJ, Ahern V, Gajjar A (2008) Multi-institution prospective trial of reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation (23.4 Gy) followed by conformal posterior fossa (36 Gy) and primary site irradiation (55.8 Gy) and dose-intensive chemotherapy for average-risk medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70:782–787CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Gajjar A, Chintagumpala M, Ashley D, Kellie S, Kun LE, Merchant TE, Woo S, Wheeler G, Ahern V, Krasin MJ, Fouladi M, Broniscer A, Krance R, Hale GA, Stewart CF, Dauser R, Sanford RA, Fuller C, Lau C, Boyett JM, Wallace D, Gilbertson RJ (2006) Risk-adapted craniospinal radiotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue in children with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma (St Jude Medulloblastoma-96): long-term results from a prospective, multicentre trial. The Lancet Oncology 7:813–820CrossRefPubMed Gajjar A, Chintagumpala M, Ashley D, Kellie S, Kun LE, Merchant TE, Woo S, Wheeler G, Ahern V, Krasin MJ, Fouladi M, Broniscer A, Krance R, Hale GA, Stewart CF, Dauser R, Sanford RA, Fuller C, Lau C, Boyett JM, Wallace D, Gilbertson RJ (2006) Risk-adapted craniospinal radiotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue in children with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma (St Jude Medulloblastoma-96): long-term results from a prospective, multicentre trial. The Lancet Oncology 7:813–820CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Takei H, Dauser RC, Adesina AM (2007) Cytomorphologic characteristics, differential diagnosis and utility during intraoperative consultation for medulloblastoma. Acta Cytol 51:183–192CrossRefPubMed Takei H, Dauser RC, Adesina AM (2007) Cytomorphologic characteristics, differential diagnosis and utility during intraoperative consultation for medulloblastoma. Acta Cytol 51:183–192CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Miralbell R, Bleher A, Huguenin P, Ries G, Kann R, Mirimanoff RO, Notter M, Nouet P, Bieri S, Thum P, Toussi H (1997) Pediatric medulloblastoma: radiation treatment technique and patterns of failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:523–529CrossRefPubMed Miralbell R, Bleher A, Huguenin P, Ries G, Kann R, Mirimanoff RO, Notter M, Nouet P, Bieri S, Thum P, Toussi H (1997) Pediatric medulloblastoma: radiation treatment technique and patterns of failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:523–529CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Miralbell R, Fitzgerald TJ, Laurie F, Kessel S, Glicksman A, Friedman HS, Urie M, Kepner JL, Zhou T, Chen Z, Barnes P, Kun L, Tarbell NJ (2006) Radiotherapy in pediatric medulloblastoma: quality assessment of Pediatric Oncology Group Trial 9031. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:1325–1330CrossRefPubMed Miralbell R, Fitzgerald TJ, Laurie F, Kessel S, Glicksman A, Friedman HS, Urie M, Kepner JL, Zhou T, Chen Z, Barnes P, Kun L, Tarbell NJ (2006) Radiotherapy in pediatric medulloblastoma: quality assessment of Pediatric Oncology Group Trial 9031. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:1325–1330CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2014) Central nervous system cancers (version 1). Accessed Date Accessed 2014 Accessed National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2014) Central nervous system cancers (version 1). Accessed Date Accessed 2014 Accessed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Doz F, Kool M, Dufour C, Vassal G, Milde T, Witt O, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Northcott PA, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Padovani L, Andre N, Massimino M, Pizer B, Packer R, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pomeroy SL (2016) Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol 131:821–831CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Doz F, Kool M, Dufour C, Vassal G, Milde T, Witt O, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Northcott PA, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Padovani L, Andre N, Massimino M, Pizer B, Packer R, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pomeroy SL (2016) Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol 131:821–831CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma is associated with poor prognosis—a retrospective analysis at a single institute
verfasst von
Pin-I Huang
Shih-Chieh Lin
Yi-Yen Lee
Donald Ming-Tak Ho
Wan-Yuo Guo
Kai-Ping Chang
Feng-Chi Chang
Muh-Lii Liang
Hsin-Hung Chen
Yu-Ming Liu
Sang-Hue Yen
Tai-Tong Wong
Yi-Wei Chen
Publikationsdatum
09.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Child's Nervous System / Ausgabe 8/2017
Print ISSN: 0256-7040
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0350
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-017-3435-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2017

Child's Nervous System 8/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Vorsicht, erhöhte Blutungsgefahr nach PCI!

10.05.2024 Koronare Herzerkrankung Nachrichten

Nach PCI besteht ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, wenn die Behandelten eine verminderte linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion aufweisen. Das Risiko ist umso höher, je stärker die Pumpfunktion eingeschränkt ist.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Deutlich weniger Infektionen: Wundprotektoren schützen!

08.05.2024 Postoperative Wundinfektion Nachrichten

Der Einsatz von Wundprotektoren bei offenen Eingriffen am unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt schützt vor Infektionen im Op.-Gebiet – und dient darüber hinaus der besseren Sicht. Das bestätigt mit großer Robustheit eine randomisierte Studie im Fachblatt JAMA Surgery.

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

07.05.2024 Suizid Nachrichten

Der belastende Arbeitsalltag wirkt sich negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit der Angehörigen ärztlicher Berufsgruppen aus. Chirurginnen und Chirurgen bilden da keine Ausnahme, im Gegenteil.

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.