Background
Methods
Data
Study population
Variables
Exposure measures in 2001
Outcome measures in 2012
Covariates in 2001
Analyses
Social insurance system in Sweden
Results
All | All | Women | Men | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Total | 616,818 | 313,100 | 303,718 | |||
Sex | ||||||
Women | 313,100 | 50.76 | ||||
Men | 303,718 | 49.24 | ||||
Birth country | ||||||
Sweden | 563,710 | 91.39 | 286,882 | 91.63 | 276,828 | 91.15 |
Other Nordic country | 28,109 | 4.56 | 15,825 | 5.05 | 12,284 | 4.04 |
EU25 without Nordic countries | 14,409 | 2.34 | 6388 | 2.04 | 8021 | 2.64 |
Rest of the world | 10,590 | 1.72 | 4005 | 1.28 | 6585 | 2.17 |
Type of living area | ||||||
Big cities | 209,911 | 34.03 | 109,298 | 34.91 | 100,613 | 33.13 |
Medium-sized cities | 220,347 | 35.72 | 110,480 | 35.29 | 109,867 | 36.17 |
Small cities | 186,560 | 30.25 | 93,322 | 29.81 | 93,238 | 30.7 |
Education | ||||||
Elementary (0–9 years) | 181,248 | 29.38 | 81,793 | 26.12 | 99,455 | 32.75 |
High school (10–12 years) | 255,566 | 41.43 | 133,401 | 42.61 | 122,165 | 40.22 |
University/college (> 12 years) | 180,004 | 29.18 | 97,906 | 31.27 | 82,098 | 27.03 |
Family situation | ||||||
Married/living with partner without children living at home | 314,292 | 50.95 | 163,972 | 52.37 | 150,320 | 49.49 |
Married/living with partner with children living at home | 111,394 | 18.06 | 42,506 | 13.58 | 68,888 | 22.68 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home | 169,397 | 27.46 | 91,582 | 29.25 | 77,815 | 25.62 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home | 21,735 | 3.52 | 15,040 | 4.8 | 6695 | 2.2 |
Unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension in 2001 | ||||||
No long-term sickness absence/disability pension or unemployment | 564,581 | 91.53 | 282,869 | 90.34 | 281,712 | 92.75 |
Unemployed > 183 days | 17,727 | 2.87 | 6778 | 2.16 | 10,949 | 3.6 |
Sickness absence/disability pension > 183 net days | 34,510 | 5.59 | 23,453 | 7.49 | 11,057 | 3.64 |
54–59 | n | % | n | % | n | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 424,088 | 214,392 | 209,696 | |||
Sex | ||||||
Women | 214,392 | 50.55 | ||||
Men | 209,696 | 49.45 | ||||
Birth country | ||||||
Sweden | 389,755 | 91.9 | 197,265 | 92.01 | 192,490 | 91.79 |
Other Nordic country | 18,249 | 4.3 | 10,337 | 4.82 | 7912 | 3.77 |
EU25 without Nordic countries | 8,678 | 2.05 | 3881 | 1.81 | 4797 | 2.29 |
Rest of the world | 7,406 | 1.75 | 2909 | 1.36 | 4497 | 2.14 |
Type of living area | ||||||
Big cities | 145,293 | 34.26 | 75,513 | 35.22 | 69,780 | 33.28 |
Medium-sized cities | 151,284 | 35.67 | 75,807 | 35.36 | 75,477 | 35.99 |
Small cities | 127,511 | 30.07 | 63,072 | 29.42 | 64,439 | 30.73 |
Education | ||||||
Elementary (0–9 years) | 114, 674 | 27.04 | 51,016 | 23.8 | 63,658 | 30.36 |
High school (10–12 years) | 181,342 | 42.76 | 94,019 | 43.85 | 87,323 | 41.64 |
University/college (> 12 years) | 128,072 | 30.2 | 69,357 | 32.35 | 58,715 | 28.00 |
Family situation | ||||||
Married/living with partner without children living at home | 203,810 | 48.06 | 108,739 | 50.72 | 95,071 | 45.34 |
Married/living with partner with children living at home | 90,069 | 21.24 | 35,152 | 16.4 | 54,917 | 26.19 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home | 113,192 | 26.69 | 58,718 | 27.39 | 54,474 | 25.98 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home | 17,017 | 4.01 | 11,783 | 5.5 | 5234 | 2.5 |
Unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension in 2001 | ||||||
No long-term sickness absence/disability pension or unemployment | 392,103 | 92.46 | 195,634 | 91.25 | 196,469 | 93.69 |
Unemployed > 183 days | 11,032 | 2.6 | 4246 | 1.98 | 6786 | 3.24 |
Sickness absence/disability pension > 183 net days | 20,953 | 4.94 | 14,512 | 6.77 | 6441 | 3.07 |
60–64 | n | % | n | % | n | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 92,730 | 98,708 | 94,022 | |||
Sex | ||||||
Women | 98,708 | 51.22 | ||||
Men | 94,022 | 48.78 | ||||
Birth country | ||||||
Sweden | 173,955 | 90.26 | 89,617 | 90.79 | 84,338 | 89.7 |
Other Nordic country | 9860 | 5.12 | 5488 | 5.56 | 4372 | 4.65 |
EU25 without Nordic countries | 5731 | 2.97 | 2507 | 2.54 | 3224 | 3.43 |
Rest of the world | 3184 | 1.65 | 1096 | 1.11 | 2088 | 2.22 |
Type of living area | ||||||
Big cities | 64,618 | 33.53 | 33,785 | 34.23 | 30,833 | 32.79 |
Medium-sized cities | 69,063 | 35.83 | 34 673 | 35.13 | 34,390 | 36.58 |
Small cities | 59,049 | 30.64 | 30 250 | 30.65 | 28,799 | 30.63 |
Education | ||||||
Elementary (0–9 years) | 66,574 | 34.54 | 30,777 | 31.18 | 35,797 | 38.07 |
High school (10–12 years) | 74,224 | 38.51 | 39,382 | 39.9 | 34,842 | 37.06 |
University/college (> 12 years) | 51,932 | 26.95 | 28,549 | 28.92 | 23,383 | 24.87 |
Family situation | ||||||
Married/living with partner without children living at home | 110,482 | 57.32 | 55,233 | 55.96 | 55,249 | 58.76 |
Married/living with partner with children living at home | 21,325 | 11.06 | 7354 | 7.45 | 13,971 | 14.86 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home | 56,205 | 29.16 | 32,864 | 33.29 | 23,341 | 24.83 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home | 4718 | 2.45 | 3257 | 3.30 | 1461 | 1.55 |
Unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension in 2001 | ||||||
No long-term sickness absence/disability pension or unemployment | 172,478 | 89.49 | 87,235 | 88.38 | 85,243 | 90.66 |
Unemployed > 183 days | 6695 | 3.47 | 2532 | 2.57 | 4163 | 4.43 |
Sickness absence/disability pension > 183 net days | 13,557 | 7.03 | 8941 | 9.06 | 4616 | 4.91 |
In paid work (n = 29,210) | No income/social assistance (n = 1258) | Sickness absence/disability pension (n = 162) | Emigrated (n = 3133) | Dead (n = 45,173) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Total | ||||||||||
Low demands/ low control | 0.68 (0.65–0.72) | 0.74 (0.71–0.78) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.04 (0.88–1.25) | 0.65 (0.35–1.21) | 0.70 (0.37–1.32) | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) | 1.34 (1.30–1.39) | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) |
Low demands/ medium control | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | 0.79 (0.74–0.84) | 0.72 (0.57–0.92) | 0.92 (0.70–1.20) | 1.36 (0.71–2.63) | 1.00 (0.48–2.06) | 1.41 (1.19–1.67) | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 1.69 (1.62–1.75) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
Low demands/ high control | 1.34 (1.26–1.43) | 1.11 (1.06–1.19) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 1.11 (0.83–1.49) | 1.45 (0.64–3.30) | 1.13 (0.48–2.66) | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | 1.55 (1.47–1.63) | 1.08 (1.03–1.16) |
Medium demands/ low control | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | 1.16 (1.10–1.23) | 1.01 (0.82–1.26) | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | 1.78 (0.96–1.31) | 1.49 (0.78–2.85) | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 1.45 (1.39–1.51) | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) |
Medium demands/medium control | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Medium demands/ high control | 1.46 (1.39–1.53) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | 0.66 (0.53–0.82) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 1.21 (0.65–2.56) | 0.89 (0.45–1.76) | 1.49 (1.28–1.73) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.33 (1.27–1.39) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
High demands/ low control | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) | 1.41 (0.64–3.11) | 1.25 (0.57–2.78) | 1.44 (1.17–1.76) | 1.10 (0.83–1.44) | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
High demands/ medium control | 1.29 (1.23–1.36) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.67 (0.45–0.72) | 0.52 (0.41–0.67) | 1.05 (0.55–2.00) | 0.91 (0.45–1.80) | 1.47 (1.26–1.71) | 1.10 (0.88–1.36) | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
High demands/ high control | 1.92 (1.84–2.00) | 1.21 (1.18–1.33) | 0.53 (0.43–0.65) | 0.59 (0.47–0.75) | 1.30 (0.75–2.28) | 0.88 (0.47–1.64) | 2.42 (2.12–2.76) | 1.45 (1.19–1.77) | 1.08 (1.05–1.13) | 0.92 (0.87–0.96) |
Women | In paid work (n = 12,249) | No income/social assistance (n = 762) | Sickness absence/disability pension (n = 64) | Emigrated (n = 1173) | Dead (n = 18,221) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low demands/low control | 0.69 (0.66–0.73) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 0.56 (0.26–1.23) | 0.76 (0.34–1.71) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | 1.17 (1.11–1.23) |
Low demands/medium control | 1.63 (1.33–1.99) | 1.49 (1.21–1.83) | 2.59 (1.44–4.65) | 2.40 (1.34–4.33) | Too few | Too few | 1.13 (0.50–2.54) | 1.60 (0.59–4.37) | 0.98 (0.80–1.21) | 1.13 (0.90–1.46) |
Low demands/high control | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 0.97 (0.57–1.63) | 0.97 (0.57–1.64) | 0.85 (0.11–6.48) | 0.85 (0.11–6.46) | 0.95 (0.58–1.56) | 1.11 (0.59–2.06) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) |
Medium demands/low control | 0.90 (0.82–0.97) | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) | 0.98 (0.72–1.32) | 1.48 (0.57–3.86) | 1.48 (0.57–3.87) | 0.77 (0.57–1.05) | 0.90 (0.61–1.34) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) |
Medium demands/medium control | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Medium demands/high control | 1.47 (1.34–1.61) | 1.32 (1.20–1.45) | 1.29 (0.90–1.83) | 1.27 (0.88–1.81) | 1.67 (0.55–5.06) | 1.68 (0.55–5.10) | 1.59 (1.17–2.16) | 1.65 (1.10–2.46) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) |
High demands/low control | 0.94 (0.87–1.03) | 0.82 (9.75–0.89) | 0.61 (0.42–8.88) | 0.59 (0.41–0.86) | 1.21 (0.46–3.17) | 1.21 (0.46–3.18) | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 1.05 (0.71–1.54) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) | 0.92 (0.85–1.01) |
High demands/medium control | 1.33 (1.26–1.41) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | 0.74 (0.31–1.73) | 0.74 (0.32–1.72) | 1.49 (1.25–1.79) | 1.31 (1.00–1.74) | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) |
High demands/high control | 1.82 (1.71–1.93) | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | 0.73 (0.55–0.97) | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) | 0.87 (0.36–2.13) | 0.90 (0.37–2.18) | 1.78 (1.46–2.17) | 1.69 (1.19–2.13) | 0.89 (0.84–0.95) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
Men | In paid work (n = 16,931) | No income/social assistance (n = 496) | Sickness absence/disability pension (n = 98) | Emigrated (n = 1960) | Dead (n = 26,952) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low demands/low control | 0.52 (0.47–0.57) | 0.57 (0.51–0.63) | 0.71 (0.45–1.13) | 0.71 (0.45–1.14) | 0.57 (0.19–1.69) | 0.57 (0.19–1.71) | 1.00 (0.76–1.30) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) | 1.24 (1.16–1.34) | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) |
Low demands/medium control | 0.58 (0.53–0.64) | 0.64 (0.59–0.71) | 0.70 (0.45–1.10) | 0.67 (0.43–1.05) | 0.71 (0.26–1.95) | 0.68 (0.25–1.88) | 0.76 (0.58–0.98) | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) |
Low demands/high control | 0.90 (0.81- 0.99) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 1.11 (0.69–1.79) | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 0.86 (0.27–2.70) | 0.87 (0.27–2.73) | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) | 0.66 (0.44–0.99) | 1.11 (1.03–1.21) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) |
Medium demands/low control | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.15 (0.73–1.80) | 1.17 (0.74–1.85) | 1.14 (0.42–3.26) | 1.07 (0.38–3.00) | 0.81 (0.61–1.08) | 0.75 (0.51–1.09) | 1.20 (1.12–1.30) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) |
Medium demands/medium control | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Medium demands/high control | 0.93 (0.87–1.02) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.59 (0.38–0.92) | 0.63 (0.40–0.97) | 0.58 (0.21–1.28) | 0.58 (0.21–1.57) | 0.80 (0.61–1.03) | 0.79 (0.57–1.11) | 0.90 (0.94–0.97) | 0.95 (0.88–1.04) |
High demands/low control | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.72 (0.62–0.83) | 1.24 (0.68–2.27) | 0.97 (0.53–1.78) | 1.08 (0.26–4.50) | 1.04 (0.25–4.37) | 1.72 (1.23–2.40) | 1.08 (0.71–1.65) | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) |
High demands/medium control | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | 0.63 (0.36–1.08) | 0.54 (0.31–0.95) | 1.08 (.26–4.50) | 0.69 (0.20–2.41) | 1.05 (0.78–91.42) | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) | 0.75 (0.69–0.82) | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) |
High demands/high control | 1.28 (1.81–1.39) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.47 (0.32–0.74) | 0.46 (0.30–0.72) | 0.68 (0.26–1.80) | 0.65 (0.25–1.73) | 1.48 (1.16–1.89) | 1.17 (0.85–1.61) | 0.78 (0.72–0.83) | 0.88 (0.80–0.96) |