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The European Journal of Health Economics
Erschienen in: The European Journal of Health Economics 4/2017

07.04.2016 | Original Paper

What happens to drinking when alcohol policy changes? A review of five natural experiments for alcohol taxes, prices, and availability

verfasst von: Jon P. Nelson, Amy D. McNall

Erschienen in: The European Journal of Health Economics | Ausgabe 4/2017

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Abstract

Natural experiments are an important alternative to observational and econometric studies. This paper provides a review of results from empirical studies of alcohol policy interventions in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Hong Kong, Sweden, and Switzerland. Major policy changes were removal of quotas on travelers’ tax-free imports and reductions in alcohol taxes. A total of 29 primary articles are reviewed, which contain 35 sets of results for alcohol consumption by various subpopulations and time periods. For each country, the review summarizes and examines: (1) history of tax/quota policy interventions and price changes; (2) graphical trends for alcohol consumption and liver disease mortality; and (3) empirical results for policy effects on alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. We also compare cross-country results for three select outcomes—binge drinking, alcohol consumption by youth and young adults, and heavy consumption by older adults. Overall, we find a lack of consistent results for consumption both within- and across-countries, with a general finding that alcohol tax interventions had selective, rather than broad, impacts on subpopulations and drinking patterns. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Fußnoten
1
Three of 59 studies focus exclusively on imports [15‐17], and are omitted here. Studies for several other countries provide results for alcohol-related harms, e.g., [18‐22]; see [14]. We focus here on those natural experiments where a variety of methods are applied to diverse outcomes for consumption and drinking patterns, thus permitting both within- and cross-country comparisons by outcome, subpopulation, time period, etc.
 
2
“Short-run” substitution refers to circumstances were the range of alternative substitutes is proscribed to those already known or otherwise permitted. Drinking-level “saturation” as used by Room et al. [11] is the notion that in some “mature” markets, potential demand is satisfied and individuals do not respond much to changes in prices, e.g., my personal demand for toothpaste does not vary. In this situation, substitution occurs mainly in the form of brand switching, including imports and unregistered consumption. Hence, market saturation will be associated with a price elastic demand for alcohol brands and an overall price inelastic demand for total alcohol.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
What happens to drinking when alcohol policy changes? A review of five natural experiments for alcohol taxes, prices, and availability
verfasst von
Jon P. Nelson
Amy D. McNall
Publikationsdatum
07.04.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
The European Journal of Health Economics / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1618-7598
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-7601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-016-0795-0

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