Introduction
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Quality assessment
Analysis
Operationalisation of psychosocial work characteristics
Operationalisation of retirement outcomes
Results
Psychosocial factor (number of papers that include this factor) | Analyses of retirement intentions | Analyses of actual retirement | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direction of evidence | Total analyses of retirement intentions | Direction of evidence | Total analyses of actual retirement | |||||
Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | |||
Resources (38) | 2 | 12 | 23 | 37 | 1 | 11 | 16 | 28 |
Demands (30) | 8 | 11 | – | 19 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 22 |
Satisfaction (19) | 2 | 2 | 12 | 16 | – | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Social support (17) | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 14 |
Organisational resources (6) | – | 1 | 3 | 4 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Effort–reward imbalance (5) | – | – | 2 | 2 | – | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Job insecurity (3) | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | 2 |
Total | 14 | 32 | 46 | 92 | 5 | 45 | 31 | 81 |
Type of job resource (number of papers that include this measure) | Analyses of retirement intentions | Analyses of actual retirement | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direction of evidence | Total | Direction of evidence | Total | |||||
Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | |||
Greater job control (33)a | – | 9 | 13 | 22 | – | 8 | 10 | 18 |
Higher skill discretion (3) | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Greater opportunities to develop (7) | 1 | – | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
More job resources (6)b | – | 1 | 3 | 4 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Recognition (2) | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 1 |
Work variety (1) | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 0 |
Greater social cohesion (1) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 0 |
Job resources
Job demands
Type of job demand (number of papers that include this measure) | Analyses of retirement intentions | Analyses of actual retirement | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direction of evidence | Total analyses of retirement intentions | Direction of evidence | Total analyses of actual retirement | |||||
Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | |||
Job demands (21)a | 5 | 8 | – | 13 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 10 |
Stress/pressure (9)b | 3 | 2 | – | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
Emotional demands (6) | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | – | 4 | – | 4 |
Job strain (1) | – | – | – | 0 | – | 1 | – | 1 |
Total | 9 | 11 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 22 |
Job satisfaction
Measure of job satisfaction (number of papers that include this measure) | Analyses of retirement intentions | Analyses of actual retirement | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direction of evidence | Total analyses of retirement intentions | Direction of evidence | Total analyses of actual retirement | |||||
Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | Earlier retirement | Null | Later retirement | |||
Job satisfaction (11)a | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | – | – | 3 | 3 |
Challenge at work (5) | – | – | 4 | 4 | – | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Meaningfulness of work (4) | – | – | 2 | 2 | – | 2 | – | 2 |
Reward in work (2) | – | – | – | 0 | – | 2 | – | 2 |
Job content plateau (1)b | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 0 |
Work providing active interest (1) | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 0 |
Total | 3 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Social support
Organisational resources
Effort–reward imbalance (ERI)
Job insecurity
Discussion
Strengths and limitations
Future research
Conclusion
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There was strong evidence that a higher level of job resources, and specifically greater job control, is associated with later retirement (both intentions and actual retirement).
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There was very limited evidence that higher job demands are associated with earlier retirement intentions, and almost no studies found demands to be associated with actual retirement.