nach oben

AIDS and Behavior

Erschienen in:

01.10.2012 | Original Paper

Unprotected Sex of Homeless Youth: Results from a Multilevel Dyadic Analysis of Individual, Social Network, and Relationship Factors

verfasst von: David P. Kennedy, Joan S. Tucker, Harold D. Green Jr., Daniela Golinelli, Brett Ewing

Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior | Ausgabe 7/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Homeless youth have elevated risk of HIV through sexual behavior. This project investigates the multiple levels of influence on unprotected sex among homeless youth, including social network, individual, and partner level influences. Findings are based on analyses of an exploratory, semi-structured interview (n = 40) and a structured personal network interview (n = 240) with randomly selected homeless youth in Los Angeles. Previous social network studies of risky sex by homeless youth have collected limited social network data from non-random samples and have not distinguished sex partner influences from other network influences. The present analyses have identified significant associations with unprotected sex at multiple levels, including individual, partner, and, to a lesser extent, the social network. Analyses also distinguished between youth who did or did not want to use condoms when they had unprotected sex. Implications for social network based HIV risk interventions with homeless youth are discussed.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10–24 years—United States, 2002–2007. Surveillance summaries (July 17, 2009). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009;58(SS–6):1–62.

MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Hoffmann JR, Glebatis D, LaLota M, McFarland W, et al. Gender differences in sexual behaviors and factors associated with nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths. AIDS Educ Prev. 2000;12(6):477–91.PubMed

Tevendale HD, Lightfoot M, Slocum SL. Individual and environmental protective factors for risky sexual behavior among homeless youth: an exploration of gender differences. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(1):154–64.PubMedCrossRef

Fernandes AL. Runaway and homeless youth: demographics, programs, and emerging issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service; 2007.

Baer JS, Ginzler JA, Peterson PL. DSM-IV alcohol and substance abuse and dependence in homeless youth. J Stud Alcohol. 2003;64(1):5–14.PubMed

Kipke MD, Montgomery SB, Simon TR, Iverson EF. ‘‘Substance abuse’’ disorders among runaway and homeless youth. Subst Use Misuse. 1997;32(7–8):969–86.PubMedCrossRef

Salomonsen-Sautel S, Van Leeuwen JM, Gilroy C, Boyle S, Malberg D, Hopfer C. Correlates of substance use among homeless youths in eight cities. Am J Addict. 2008;17(3):224–34.PubMedCrossRef

Thompson SJ. Risk/protective factors associated with substance use among runaway/homeless youth utilizing emergency shelter services nationwide. Subst Abus. 2004;25(3):13–26.PubMedCrossRef

Wenzel SL, Tucker JS, Golinelli D, Green HD Jr, Zhou A. Personal network correlates of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among homeless youth. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;112(1–2):140–9.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Kral AH, Molnar BE, Booth RE, Watters JK. Prevalence of sexual risk behaviour and substance use among runaway and homeless adolescents in San Francisco, Denver and New York City. Int J STD AIDS. 1997;8(2):109–17.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Whitbeck LB, Hoyt DR, Yoder KA, Cauce AM, Paradise M. Deviant behavior and victimization among homeless and runaway adolescents. J Interpers Violence. 2001;16(11):1175–204.CrossRef

12.

Naranbhai V, Karim QA, Meyer-Weitz A. Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeless youth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011(1).

13.

Rotheram-Borus MJ, Song M, Gwadz MV, Lee M, VanRossem R, Koopman C. Reductions in HIV risk among runaway youth. Prev Sci. 2003;4(3):173–87.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Rotheram-Borus MJ, O’Keefe Z, Kracker R, Foo H–H. Prevention of HIV among adolescents. Prev Sci. 2000;1(1):15–30.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Halcón LL, Lifson AR. Prevalence and predictors of sexual risks among homeless youth. J Youth Adolesc. 2004;33(1):71–80.CrossRef

16.

Ringwalt CL, Greene JM, Robertson M, McPheeters M. The prevalence of homelessness among adolescents in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(9):1325–9.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Seal DW, Ehrhardt AA. HIV-prevention-related sexual health promotion for heterosexual men in the United States: pitfalls and recommendations. Arch Sex Behav. 2004;33(3):211–22.PubMedCrossRef

18.

De Rosa CJ, Montgomery SB, Hyde J, Iverson E, Kipke MD. HIV risk behavior and HIV testing: a comparison of rates and associated factors among homeless and runaway adolescents in two cities. AIDS Educ Prev. 2001;13(2):131–48.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Zerger S, Strehlow AJ, Gundlapalli AV. Homeless young adults and behavioral health: an overview. Am Behav Sci Am Behav Sci. 2008;51(6):824–41.

20.

Rice E. The positive role of social networks and social networking technology in the condom-using behaviors of homeless young people. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(4):588–95.PubMed

21.

Young SD, Rice E. Online social networking technologies, HIV knowledge, and sexual risk and testing behaviors among homeless youth. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(2):253–60.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Fisher JD. Possible effects of reference group-based social influence on AIDS risk behavior and AIDS prevention. Am Psychol. 1988;43(11):914–20.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Sallis JE, Cervero RB, Ascher W, Henderson KA, Kraft MK, Kerr J. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health. 2006;27:297–322.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Sallis JF, Owen N, Fisher EB. Ecological models of health behavior. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Heath behavior and health education: theory, research and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Josey-Bass; 2008. p. 465–82.

25.

Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1979.

26.

Latkin C, Mandell W, Oziemkowska M, Celentano D, Vlahov D, Ensminger M, et al. Using social network analysis to study patterns of drug use among urban drug users at high risk for HIV/AIDS. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995;38(1):1–9.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Mitchell JC. The concept and use of social networks. In: Mitchell JC, editor. Social networks in urban situations. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1969. p. 1–50.

28.

Scott J. Social network analysis: a handbook. London: Sage Publications; 1991.

29.

Wasserman S, Faust K. Social network analysis: methods and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1994.CrossRef

30.

Wang K, Brown K, Shen S-Y, Tucker J. Social network-based interventions to promote condom use: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2011:1–11.

31.

Ennett ST, Bailey SL, Federman EB. Social network characteristics associated with risky behaviors among runaway and homeless youth. J Health Soc Behav. 1999;40(1):63–78.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Tyler KA. Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults. Soc Sci Res. 2008;37(2):673–85.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Rice E, Stein J, Milburn N. Countervailing social network influences on problem behaviors among homeless youth. J Adolesc. 2008;31(5):625–39.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Tyler KA, Whitbeck LB, Hoyt DR, Yoder KA. Predictors of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among homeless and runaway adolescents. J Sex Res. 2000;37(4):369–77.CrossRef

35.

McCarty C, Bernard HR, Killworth PD, Shelley GA, Johnsen EC. Eliciting representative samples of personal networks. Soc Netw. 1997;19(4):303–23.CrossRef

36.

Hogan B, Carrasco JA, Wellman B. Visualizing personal networks: working with participant-aided sociograms. Field Methods. 2007;19:116–44.CrossRef

37.

McCarty C, Molina JL, Aguilar C, Rota L. A comparison of social network mapping and personal network visualization. Field Methods. 2007;19(2):145–62.CrossRef

38.

Cabral RJ, Pulley L, Artz L, Brill I, Macaluso M. Women at risk of HIV/STD: the importance of male partners as barriers to condom use. AIDS Behav. 1998;2(1):75–85.CrossRef

39.

Jones R, Oliver M. Young urban women’s patterns of unprotected sex with men engaging in HIV risk behaviors. AIDS Behav. 2007;11(6):812–21.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Misovich SJ, Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Close relationships and elevated HIV risk behavior: evidence and possible underlying psychological processes. Rev Gen Psychol. 1997;1(1):72–107.CrossRef

41.

Tucker JS, Elliott MN, Wenzel SL, Hambarsoomian K. Relationship commitment and its implications for unprotected sex among impoverished women living in shelters and low-income housing in Los Angeles county. Health Psychol. 2007;26(5):644–9.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Afifi WA. Harming the ones we love: relational attachment and perceived consequences as predictors of safe-sex behavior. J Sex Res. 1999;36(2):198–206.CrossRef

43.

Feeney JA, Kelly L, Gallois C, Peterson C, Terry DJ. Attachment style, assertive communication, and safer-sex behavior. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1999;29(9):1964–83.CrossRef

44.

Impett EA, Peplau LA. Why some women consent to unwanted sex with a dating partner: insights from attachment theory. Psychol Women Q. 2002;26(4):360–70.CrossRef

45.

Kennedy DP, Wenzel SL, Tucker JS, Green HD, Golinelli D, Ryan GW, et al. Unprotected sex of homeless women living in Los Angeles county: an investigation of the multiple levels of risk. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(4):960–73.PubMedCrossRef

46.

El-Bassel N, Witte SS, Gilbert L, Wu EW, Chang MW, Hill J, et al. The efficacy of a relationship-based HIV/STD prevention program for heterosexual couples. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):963–9.PubMedCrossRef

47.

McCarty C. Measuring structure in personal networks. JoSS. 2002;3(1). http://www.cmu.edu/joss/content/articles/volume3/McCarty.html. Accessed June 20, 2007.

48.

Hartwig F, Dearing BE. Exploratory data analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications; 1979.

49.

Tucker JS, Kennedy D, Ryan G, Wenzel SL, Golinelli D, Zazzali J. Homeless women’s personal networks: implications for understanding risk behavior. Hum Organ. 2009;68(2):129–40.PubMed

50.

Campbell KE, Lee BA. Name generators in surveys of personal networks. Soc Netw. 1991;13(3):203–21.CrossRef

51.

MDlogix. Egonet 1.0. Baltimore, MD: MDlogix; 2006.

52.

Ryan GW, Bernard HR. Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods. 2003;15(1):85–109.CrossRef

53.

Ryan GW, Stern SA, Hilton L, Tucker JS, Kennedy DP, Golinelli D, et al. When, where, why and with whom homeless women engage in risky sexual behaviors: a framework for understanding complex and varied decision-making processes. Sex Roles. 2009;61(7–8):536–53.PubMedCrossRef

54.

Brown RA, Kennedy DP, Tucker JS, Wenzel S, Golinelli D, Wertheimer S, et al. Sex and relationships on the street: how homeless men judge partner risk on Skid Row. AIDS Behav. 2011 [E-Pub ahead of publication].

55.

Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1999.

56.

Bakker AB, Buunk BP, Manstead ASR. The moderating role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between anticipated feelings of regret and condom use. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1997;27(22):2001–14.CrossRef

57.

Hynie M, MacDonald TK, Marques S. Self-conscious emotions and self-regulation in the promotion of condom use. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2006;32(8):1072–84.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Milstein B, Lockaby T, Fogarty L, Cohen A, Cotten D. Processes of change in the adoption of consistent condom use. J Health Psychol. 1998;3(3):349–68.PubMedCrossRef

59.

Kanouse DE, Berry SH, Duan N, Lever J, Carson S, Perlman JF, et al. Drawing a probability sample of female street prostitutes in Los Angeles county. J Sex Res. 1999;36(1):45–51.CrossRef

60.

McCarty C, Killworth PD, Rennell J. Impact of methods for reducing respondent burden on personal network structural measures. Soc Netwk. 2007;29(2):300–15.CrossRef

61.

Snijders T, Spreen M, Zwaagstra R. The use of multilevel modeling for analysing personal networks: networks of cocaine users in an urban area. J Quant Anthrop. 1995;5(2):85–105.

62.

Drigotas SM, Rusbult CE. Should I stay or should I go—a dependence model of breakups. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992;62(1):62–87.CrossRef

63.

Rusbult CE, Johnson DJ, Morrow GD. Predicting satisfaction and commitment in adult romantic involvements—an assessment of the generalizability of the investment model. Soc Psychol Q. 1986;49(1):81–9.CrossRef

64.

Castañeda D. The close relationship context and HIV/AIDS risk reduction among Mexican Americans. Sex Roles. 2000;42(7–8):551–80.CrossRef

65.

Aalsma MC, Fortenberry JD, Sayegh MA, Orr DP. Family and friend closeness to adolescent sexual partners in relationship to condom use. J Adolesc Health. 2006;38(3):173–8.PubMedCrossRef

66.

Wenzel SL, Hambarsoomian K, D’Amico EJ, Ellison M, Tucker JS. Victimization and health among indigent young women in the transition to adulthood: a portrait of need. J Adolesc Health. 2006;38(5):536–43.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Martino S, Tucker J, Ryan G, Wenzel S, Golinelli D, Munjas B. Increased substance use and risky sexual behavior among migratory homeless youth: exploring the role of social network composition. J Youth Adolesc. 2011;40(12):1634–48.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Bogart LM, Kral AH, Scott A, Anderson R, Flynn N, Gilbert ML, et al. Condom attitudes and behaviors among injection drug users participating in California syringe exchange programs. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(4):423–32.PubMedCrossRef

69.

Brown IS. Development of a scale to measure attitude toward the condom as a method of birth-control. J Sex Res. 1984;20(3):255–63.CrossRef

70.

Latkin C, Forman V, Knowlton A, Sherman S. Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(3):465–76.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Kenny DA, Kashy DA, Cook WL. Dyadic data analysis. New York: The Guilford Press; 2006.

72.

StataCorp LP. Stata statistical software. Release 9.2 ed. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2007.

73.

Hammer JC, Fisher JD, Fitzgerald P, Fisher WA. When two heads aren’t better than one: AIDS risk behavior in college-age couples. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1996;26(5):375–97.CrossRef

74.

Rice E, Milburn NG, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Pro-social and problematic social network influences on HIV/AIDS risk behaviours among newly homeless youth in Los Angeles. AIDS Care. 2007;19(5):697–704.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Kennedy DP, Tucker JS, Pollard MS, Go MH, Green HD. Adolescent romantic relationships and change in smoking status. Addict Behav. 2011;36(4):320–6.PubMedCrossRef

76.

Etcheverry PE, Agnew CR. Romantic partner and friend influences on young adult cigarette smoking: comparing close others’ smoking and injunctive norms over time. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008;22(3):313–25.PubMedCrossRef

77.

Giordano PC. Relationships in adolescence. Ann Rev Sociol. 2003;29:257–81.CrossRef

78.

Haynie DL, Giordano PC, Manning WD, Longmore MA. Adolescent romantic relationships and delinquency involvement. Criminololgy. 2005;43(1):177–210.CrossRef

79.

Cooper ML, Shaver PR, Collins NL. Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74(5):1380–97.PubMedCrossRef

80.

Cleveland HH. The influence of female and male risk on the occurrence of sexual intercourse within adolescent relationships. J Res Adolesc. 2003;13(1):81–112.CrossRef

81.

Wenzel SL, Tucker JS, Elliott MN, Hambarsoomians K. Sexual risk among impoverished women: understanding the role of housing status. AIDS Behav. 2007;11(6):S9–20.CrossRef

82.

Becker MH, Joseph JG. AIDS and behavioral-change to reduce risk—a review. Am J Public Health. 1988;78(4):394–410.PubMedCrossRef

83.

Kendall-Tackett K. The health effects of childhood abuse: four pathways by which abuse can influence health. Child Abuse Neglect. 2002;26(6–7):715–29.PubMedCrossRef

84.

Sikkema KJ, Wilson PA, Hansen NB, Kochman A, Neyfeld S, Ghebremichael MS, et al. Effects of a coping intervention on transmission risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS and a history of childhood sexual abuse. J AIDS. 2008;47(4):506–13.

85.

Bender R, Lange S. Adjusting for multiple testing—when and how? J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(4):343–9.PubMedCrossRef

86.

Bauman KE, Fisher LA. On the measurement of friend behavior in research on friend influence and selection—findings from longitudinal-studies of adolescent smoking and drinking. J Youth Adolesc. 1986;15(4):345–53.CrossRef

Titel: Unprotected Sex of Homeless Youth: Results from a Multilevel Dyadic Analysis of Individual, Social Network, and Relationship Factors
verfasst von: David P. Kennedy
Joan S. Tucker
Harold D. Green Jr.
Daniela Golinelli
Brett Ewing
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2012
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior / Ausgabe 7/2012
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0195-0

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

„Überwältigende“ Evidenz für Tripeltherapie beim metastasierten Prostata-Ca.

22.05.2024 Prostatakarzinom Nachrichten

Patienten mit metastasiertem hormonsensitivem Prostatakarzinom sollten nicht mehr mit einer alleinigen Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) behandelt werden, mahnt ein US-Team nach Sichtung der aktuellen Datenlage. Mit einer Tripeltherapie haben die Betroffenen offenbar die besten Überlebenschancen.

So sicher sind Tattoos: Neue Daten zur Risikobewertung

22.05.2024 Melanom Nachrichten

Das größte medizinische Problem bei Tattoos bleiben allergische Reaktionen. Melanome werden dadurch offensichtlich nicht gefördert, die Farbpigmente könnten aber andere Tumoren begünstigen.

CAR-M-Zellen: Warten auf das große Fressen

22.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

Auch myeloide Immunzellen lassen sich mit chimären Antigenrezeptoren gegen Tumoren ausstatten. Solche CAR-Fresszell-Therapien werden jetzt für solide Tumoren entwickelt. Künftig soll dieser Prozess nicht mehr ex vivo, sondern per mRNA im Körper der Betroffenen erfolgen.

Frühzeitige HbA1c-Kontrolle macht sich lebenslang bemerkbar

22.05.2024 Typ-2-Diabetes Nachrichten

Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes von Anfang an intensiv BZ-senkend zu behandeln, wirkt sich positiv auf Komplikationen und Mortalität aus – und das offenbar lebenslang, wie eine weitere Nachfolgeuntersuchung der UKPD-Studie nahelegt.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2012

Rates of Testing for HIV in the Presence of Serodiscordant UAI Among HIV-Negative Gay Men in Committed Relationships

HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Social Disparities, Communication Inequalities, and HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Attitudes in India

High Acceptability of a Vaginal Ring Intended as a Microbicide Delivery Method for HIV Prevention in African Women

Use of a Rapid HIV Home Test Prevents HIV Exposure in a High Risk Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men