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Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
Erschienen in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 7/2012

01.10.2012 | Research Paper

Lymphatics, lymph nodes and the immune system: barriers and gateways for cancer spread

verfasst von: Robert L. Ferris, Michael T. Lotze, Stanley P. L. Leong, David S. B. Hoon, Donald L. Morton

Erschienen in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis | Ausgabe 7/2012

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Abstract

Metastasis to the regional lymph node is the most important prognostic indicator for the outcomes of patients with sold cancer. In general, it is well recognized that cancer development is genetically determined with progression from the microenvironment of the primary tumor site, oftentimes via the SLN gateway, to the distant sites. In about 20 % of the time, the cancer cells may spread directly through the blood vascular system to the distant sites. Thus, in general, cancer progression is consistent with Hellman’s spectrum theory in that development of nodal and systemic metastasis from a localized cancer growth is a progressive process. Cancer proliferation within the tumor microenvironment may give rise to increased tumor heterogeneity, which is further complicated by its continuous change through its evolution within the host in a Darwinian sense. It is crucial to understand the molecular process of lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment with respect to the initial steps of cancer cells entering into the lymphatic and vascular systems so that rational therapy can be developed to curb the process of specific routes of metastasis. This chapter elucidates the role of lymphatics, nodal metastasis and antitumor immunity. We present novel immune targets in nodal metastases, the importance of the lymph node as a pre-metastatic niche, and immune-related proteins as biomarkers of metastasis.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lymphatics, lymph nodes and the immune system: barriers and gateways for cancer spread
verfasst von
Robert L. Ferris
Michael T. Lotze
Stanley P. L. Leong
David S. B. Hoon
Donald L. Morton
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2012
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis / Ausgabe 7/2012
Print ISSN: 0262-0898
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9520-2

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