Introduction
Methods
Design
Fetal ultrasound measurements
Physiological maternal and fetal characteristics
Statistical analyses
Results
Subject characteristics
Median (90% range) or percentage | |
---|---|
Maternal characteristics | |
Age (years) | 30.3 (20.4; 37.8) |
Height (cm) | 167 (155; 180) |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 64 (50; 91) |
Ethnicity (%) | |
Dutch | 59.4% |
Other European | 5.9% |
Dutch Antilles | 2.4% |
Cape Verdian | 3.5% |
Moroccan-Arabic | 1.9% |
Moroccan-Berber | 3.7% |
Surinamese-Creole | 3.2% |
Surinamese-Hindustani | 3.4% |
Turkish | 8.0% |
Others | 8.6% |
Primigravida (%) | 43.4% |
Nullipara (%) | 56.6% |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (%) | 17.0% |
Child characteristics | |
Male (%) | 50.4% |
Gestational age (weeks) | Mean (g) | Standard deviation (g) | Coefficient of variation (%) | 90% reference interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated fetal weighta
| 20 | 326 | 29 | 9.1 | (277; 374) |
28 | 1,201 | 124 | 10.3 | (998; 1,405) | |
36 | 2,568 | 291 | 11.3 | (2,091; 3,046) | |
Birth weightb
| 40 | 3,443 | 447 | 13.0 | (2,710; 4,176) |
Maternal and fetal characteristics and estimated fetal weight
Differences (g) in estimated fetal weight | Differences (g) in birth weight | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 weeks of gestation | 30 weeks of gestation | 40 weeks of gestation | |||||||
Difference (g) | 95% CI |
P-value | Difference (g) | 95% CI |
P-value | Difference (g) | 95% CI |
P-value | |
Gender fetus (male–female) | 0 | (−7; 7) | 0.98 | 15 | (10; 22) | <0.0001 | 112 | (90; 134) | <0.0001 |
Parity (para 1 or more—para 0) | 3 | (−5; 10) | 0.46 | 16 | (9; 229) | <0.0001 | 176 | (153; 200) | <0.0001 |
Ethnicity | |||||||||
Dutch and other European | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Dutch Antilles | 5 | (−18; 28) | 0.69 | −9 | (−30; 13) | 0.43 | −92 | (−170; −14) | 0.02 |
CapeVerdian | −2 | (−20; 17) | 0.87 | −36 | (−54; −19) | <0.0001 | −117 | (−180; −55) | 0.0002 |
Moroccan-Arabic | 5 | (−23; 32) | 0.75 | −8 | (−33; 17) | 0.52 | -33 | (−124; 58) | 0.48 |
Moroccan-Berber | 3 | (−17; 23) | 0.79 | 23 | (5; 41) | 0.01 | 15 | (−49; 80) | 0.65 |
Surinamese-Creole | −2 | (−22; 18) | 0.84 | −68 | (−87; −49) | <0.0001 | −161 | (−228; −94) | <0.0001 |
Surinamese-Hindustani | −6 | (−26; 14) | 0.54 | −33 | (−51; −14) | 0.0006 | −163 | (−230; −97) | <0.0001 |
Turkish | 2 | (−12; 16) | 0.75 | 18 | (5; 31) | 0.007 | 30 | (−17; 76) | 0.21 |
Other | 0 | (−14; 13) | 0.95 | −4 | (−16; 8) | 0.51 | 38 | (−6; 83) | 0.09 |
Maternal age | |||||||||
≤27 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
28–32 years | −2 | (−10; 7) | 0.67 | 10 | (2; 17) | 0.02 | 1 | (−27; 30) | 0.93 |
≥33 years | −1 | (−10; 9) | 0.89 | 28 | (19; 36) | <0.0001 | 12 | (−19; 43) | 0.45 |
Maternal height (10 cm) | 2 | (−3; 8) | 0.45 | 16 | (11; 21) | <0.0001 | 101 | (82; 119) | <0.0001 |
Maternal weight (10 kg) | 2 | (−1; 5) | 0.34 | 21 | (19; 24) | <0.0001 | 56 | (46; 65) | <0.0001 |
Maternal smoking (yes–no) | −1 | (−10; 8) | 0.80 | −46 | (−54; −37) | <0.0001 | −164 | (−194; −133) | <0.0001 |