Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 2/2012

01.03.2012

2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design

verfasst von: Hugh Calkins, Karl Heinz Kuck, Riccardo Cappato, Josep Brugada, A. John Camm, Shih-Ann Chen, Harry J. G. Crijns, Ralph J. Damiano Jr., D. Wyn Davies, John DiMarco, James Edgerton, Kenneth Ellenbogen, Michael D. Ezekowitz, David E. Haines, Michel Haissaguerre, Gerhard Hindricks, Yoshito Iesaka, Warren Jackman, Jose Jalife, Pierre Jais, Jonathan Kalman, David Keane, Young-Hoon Kim, Paulus Kirchhof, George Klein, Hans Kottkamp, Koichiro Kumagai, Bruce D. Lindsay, Moussa Mansour, Francis E. Marchlinski, Patrick M. McCarthy, J. Lluis Mont, Fred Morady, Koonlawee Nademanee, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Andrea Natale, Stanley Nattel, Douglas L. Packer, Carlo Pappone, Eric Prystowsky, Antonio Raviele, Vivek Reddy, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Richard J. Shemin, Hsuan-Ming Tsao, David Wilber

Erschienen in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology | Ausgabe 2/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

This is a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation, developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS), and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). This is endorsed by the governing bodies of the ACC Foundation, the AHA, the ECAS, the EHRA, the STS, the APHRS, and the HRS.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins, H., Brugada, J., Packer, D. L., et al. (2007). HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert Consensus Statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 4(6), 816–861.PubMedCrossRef Calkins, H., Brugada, J., Packer, D. L., et al. (2007). HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert Consensus Statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 4(6), 816–861.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Cannom, D. S., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation–executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 854–906.PubMedCrossRef Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Cannom, D. S., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation–executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 854–906.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm, A. J., Kirchhof, P., Lip, G. Y., et al. (2010). Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal, 31(19), 2369–2429.PubMedCrossRef Camm, A. J., Kirchhof, P., Lip, G. Y., et al. (2010). Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal, 31(19), 2369–2429.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Wann, L. S., Curtis, A. B., January, C. T., et al. (2011). 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (Updating the 2006 Guideline): A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Heart Rhythm, 8(1), 157–176.PubMedCrossRef Wann, L. S., Curtis, A. B., January, C. T., et al. (2011). 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (Updating the 2006 Guideline): A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Heart Rhythm, 8(1), 157–176.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof, P., Auricchio, A., Bax, J., et al. (2007). Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace, 9(11), 1006–1023.PubMedCrossRef Kirchhof, P., Auricchio, A., Bax, J., et al. (2007). Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace, 9(11), 1006–1023.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof, P., Lip, G. Y., Van Gelder, I. C., Bax, J., Hylek, E., Kääb, S., et al. (2011). Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options—A report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Thromb Haemost, 106(6), 1012–1019. Kirchhof, P., Lip, G. Y., Van Gelder, I. C., Bax, J., Hylek, E., Kääb, S., et al. (2011). Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options—A report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Thromb Haemost, 106(6), 1012–1019.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Jalife, J., Berenfeld, O., & Mansour, M. (2002). Mother rotors and fibrillatory conduction: A mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovascular Research, 54(2), 204–216.PubMedCrossRef Jalife, J., Berenfeld, O., & Mansour, M. (2002). Mother rotors and fibrillatory conduction: A mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovascular Research, 54(2), 204–216.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Nattel, S. (2002). New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature, 415(6868), 219–226.PubMedCrossRef Nattel, S. (2002). New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature, 415(6868), 219–226.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobrev, D., Voigt, N., & Wehrens, X. H. (2011). The ryanodine receptor channel as a molecular motif in atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. Cardiovascular Research, 89(4), 734–743.PubMedCrossRef Dobrev, D., Voigt, N., & Wehrens, X. H. (2011). The ryanodine receptor channel as a molecular motif in atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. Cardiovascular Research, 89(4), 734–743.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Schotten, U., Verheule, S., Kirchhof, P., & Goette, A. (2011). Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: A translational appraisal. Physiological Reviews, 91(1), 265–325.PubMedCrossRef Schotten, U., Verheule, S., Kirchhof, P., & Goette, A. (2011). Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: A translational appraisal. Physiological Reviews, 91(1), 265–325.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wakili, R., Voigt, N., Kaab, S., Dobrev, D., & Nattel, S. (2011). Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(8), 2955–2968.PubMedCrossRef Wakili, R., Voigt, N., Kaab, S., Dobrev, D., & Nattel, S. (2011). Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(8), 2955–2968.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Marcus, F. I., Fischer, B., & Clementy, J. (1994). Radiofrequency catheter ablation in unusual mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: Report of three cases. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 5(9), 743–751.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Marcus, F. I., Fischer, B., & Clementy, J. (1994). Radiofrequency catheter ablation in unusual mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: Report of three cases. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 5(9), 743–751.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., et al. (1997). A focal source of atrial fibrillation treated by discrete radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 95(3), 572–576.PubMed Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., et al. (1997). A focal source of atrial fibrillation treated by discrete radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 95(3), 572–576.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (1998). Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339(10), 659–666.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (1998). Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339(10), 659–666.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Berenfeld, O., Mandapati, R., Dixit, S., et al. (2000). Spatially distributed dominant excitation frequencies reveal hidden organization in atrial fibrillation in the Langendorff-perfused sheep heart. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11(8), 869–879.PubMedCrossRef Berenfeld, O., Mandapati, R., Dixit, S., et al. (2000). Spatially distributed dominant excitation frequencies reveal hidden organization in atrial fibrillation in the Langendorff-perfused sheep heart. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11(8), 869–879.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Mandapati, R., Skanes, A., Chen, J., Berenfeld, O., & Jalife, J. (2000). Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 101(2), 194–199.PubMed Mandapati, R., Skanes, A., Chen, J., Berenfeld, O., & Jalife, J. (2000). Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 101(2), 194–199.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Skanes, A. C., Mandapati, R., Berenfeld, O., Davidenko, J. M., & Jalife, J. (1998). Spatiotemporal periodicity during atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 98(12), 1236–1248.PubMed Skanes, A. C., Mandapati, R., Berenfeld, O., Davidenko, J. M., & Jalife, J. (1998). Spatiotemporal periodicity during atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 98(12), 1236–1248.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiroshita-Takeshita, A., Brundel, B. J., & Nattel, S. (2005). Atrial fibrillation: Basic mechanisms, remodeling and triggers. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(3), 181–193.PubMedCrossRef Shiroshita-Takeshita, A., Brundel, B. J., & Nattel, S. (2005). Atrial fibrillation: Basic mechanisms, remodeling and triggers. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(3), 181–193.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Allessie, M., Ausma, J., & Schotten, U. (2002). Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovascular Research, 54(2), 230–246.PubMedCrossRef Allessie, M., Ausma, J., & Schotten, U. (2002). Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovascular Research, 54(2), 230–246.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobrev, D., Friedrich, A., Voigt, N., et al. (2005). The G protein-gated potassium current I(K, ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 112(24), 3697–3706.PubMedCrossRef Dobrev, D., Friedrich, A., Voigt, N., et al. (2005). The G protein-gated potassium current I(K, ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 112(24), 3697–3706.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Everett, T. H., 4th, Wilson, E. E., Verheule, S., Guerra, J. M., Foreman, S., & Olgin, J. E. (2006). Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: A comparison in canine models of structural and electrical atrial remodeling. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 291(6), H2911–H2923.PubMedCrossRef Everett, T. H., 4th, Wilson, E. E., Verheule, S., Guerra, J. M., Foreman, S., & Olgin, J. E. (2006). Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: A comparison in canine models of structural and electrical atrial remodeling. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 291(6), H2911–H2923.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Moe, G. K., Rheinboldt, W. C., & Abildskov, J. A. (1964). A Computer Model of Atrial Fibrillation. American Heart Journal, 67, 200–220.PubMedCrossRef Moe, G. K., Rheinboldt, W. C., & Abildskov, J. A. (1964). A Computer Model of Atrial Fibrillation. American Heart Journal, 67, 200–220.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Allessie, M., et al. (1985). Experimental evaluation of Moe’s multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. New York: Grune & Stratton. Allessie, M., et al. (1985). Experimental evaluation of Moe’s multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. New York: Grune & Stratton.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, J. L., Canavan, T. E., Schuessler, R. B., et al. (1991). The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 101(3), 406–426.PubMed Cox, J. L., Canavan, T. E., Schuessler, R. B., et al. (1991). The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 101(3), 406–426.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Morillo, C. A., Klein, G. J., Jones, D. L., & Guiraudon, C. M. (1995). Chronic rapid atrial pacing. Structural, functional, and electrophysiological characteristics of a new model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 91(5), 1588–1595.PubMed Morillo, C. A., Klein, G. J., Jones, D. L., & Guiraudon, C. M. (1995). Chronic rapid atrial pacing. Structural, functional, and electrophysiological characteristics of a new model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 91(5), 1588–1595.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherf, D. (1947). Studies on auricular tachycardia caused by aconitine administration. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 64(2), 233–239.PubMed Scherf, D. (1947). Studies on auricular tachycardia caused by aconitine administration. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 64(2), 233–239.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (1996). Right and left atrial radiofrequency catheter therapy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 7(12), 1132–1144.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (1996). Right and left atrial radiofrequency catheter therapy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 7(12), 1132–1144.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Nathan, H., & Eliakim, M. (1966). The junction between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins. An anatomic study of human hearts. Circulation, 34(3), 412–422.PubMed Nathan, H., & Eliakim, M. (1966). The junction between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins. An anatomic study of human hearts. Circulation, 34(3), 412–422.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho, S. Y., Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., & Anderson, R. H. (1999). Anatomy of the left atrium: Implications for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10(11), 1525–1533.PubMedCrossRef Ho, S. Y., Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., & Anderson, R. H. (1999). Anatomy of the left atrium: Implications for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10(11), 1525–1533.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss, C., Gocht, A., Willems, S., Hoffmann, M., Risius, T., & Meinertz, T. (2002). Impact of the distribution and structure of myocardium in the pulmonary veins for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25(9), 1352–1356.PubMedCrossRef Weiss, C., Gocht, A., Willems, S., Hoffmann, M., Risius, T., & Meinertz, T. (2002). Impact of the distribution and structure of myocardium in the pulmonary veins for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25(9), 1352–1356.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Gittenberger-de Groot, A. C., Blom, N. M., Aoyama, N., Sucov, H., Wenink, A. C., & Poelmann, R. E. (2003). The role of neural crest and epicardium-derived cells in conduction system formation. Novartis Foundation Symposium, 250, 125–134. discussion 134-141, 276-129.PubMedCrossRef Gittenberger-de Groot, A. C., Blom, N. M., Aoyama, N., Sucov, H., Wenink, A. C., & Poelmann, R. E. (2003). The role of neural crest and epicardium-derived cells in conduction system formation. Novartis Foundation Symposium, 250, 125–134. discussion 134-141, 276-129.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Jongbloed, M. R., Schalij, M. J., Poelmann, R. E., et al. (2004). Embryonic conduction tissue: A spatial correlation with adult arrhythmogenic areas. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 349–355.PubMedCrossRef Jongbloed, M. R., Schalij, M. J., Poelmann, R. E., et al. (2004). Embryonic conduction tissue: A spatial correlation with adult arrhythmogenic areas. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 349–355.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Lugones, A., McMahon, J. T., Ratliff, N. B., et al. (2003). Evidence of specialized conduction cells in human pulmonary veins of patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(8), 803–809.PubMedCrossRef Perez-Lugones, A., McMahon, J. T., Ratliff, N. B., et al. (2003). Evidence of specialized conduction cells in human pulmonary veins of patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(8), 803–809.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrlich, J. R., Cha, T. J., Zhang, L., et al. (2003). Cellular electrophysiology of canine pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes: Action potential and ionic current properties. The Journal of Physiology, 551(Pt 3), 801–813.PubMedCrossRef Ehrlich, J. R., Cha, T. J., Zhang, L., et al. (2003). Cellular electrophysiology of canine pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes: Action potential and ionic current properties. The Journal of Physiology, 551(Pt 3), 801–813.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Y. C., Pan, N. H., Cheng, C. C., Higa, S., Chen, Y. J., & Chen, S. A. (2009). Heterogeneous expression of potassium currents and pacemaker currents potentially regulates arrhythmogenesis of pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 1039–1045.PubMedCrossRef Chen, Y. C., Pan, N. H., Cheng, C. C., Higa, S., Chen, Y. J., & Chen, S. A. (2009). Heterogeneous expression of potassium currents and pacemaker currents potentially regulates arrhythmogenesis of pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 1039–1045.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Verheule, S., Wilson, E. E., Arora, R., Engle, S. K., Scott, L. R., & Olgin, J. E. (2002). Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins. Cardiovascular Research, 55(4), 727–738.PubMedCrossRef Verheule, S., Wilson, E. E., Arora, R., Engle, S. K., Scott, L. R., & Olgin, J. E. (2002). Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins. Cardiovascular Research, 55(4), 727–738.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Honjo, H., Boyett, M. R., Niwa, R., et al. (2003). Pacing-induced spontaneous activity in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins after treatment with ryanodine. Circulation, 107(14), 1937–1943.PubMedCrossRef Honjo, H., Boyett, M. R., Niwa, R., et al. (2003). Pacing-induced spontaneous activity in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins after treatment with ryanodine. Circulation, 107(14), 1937–1943.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Levin, M. D., Lu, M. M., Petrenko, N. B., et al. (2009). Melanocyte-like cells in the heart and pulmonary veins contribute to atrial arrhythmia triggers. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(11), 3420–3436.PubMed Levin, M. D., Lu, M. M., Petrenko, N. B., et al. (2009). Melanocyte-like cells in the heart and pulmonary veins contribute to atrial arrhythmia triggers. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(11), 3420–3436.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wongcharoen, W., Chen, Y. C., Chen, Y. J., et al. (2006). Effects of a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor on pulmonary vein electrical activity and ouabain-induced arrhythmogenicity. Cardiovascular Research, 70(3), 497–508.PubMedCrossRef Wongcharoen, W., Chen, Y. C., Chen, Y. J., et al. (2006). Effects of a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor on pulmonary vein electrical activity and ouabain-induced arrhythmogenicity. Cardiovascular Research, 70(3), 497–508.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., Scavee, C., et al. (2003). Dissociated pulmonary vein arrhythmia: Incidence and characteristics. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(11), 1173–1179.PubMedCrossRef Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., Scavee, C., et al. (2003). Dissociated pulmonary vein arrhythmia: Incidence and characteristics. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(11), 1173–1179.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Hocini, M., Ho, S. Y., Kawara, T., et al. (2002). Electrical conduction in canine pulmonary veins: Electrophysiological and anatomic correlation. Circulation, 105(20), 2442–2448.PubMedCrossRef Hocini, M., Ho, S. Y., Kawara, T., et al. (2002). Electrical conduction in canine pulmonary veins: Electrophysiological and anatomic correlation. Circulation, 105(20), 2442–2448.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Arora, R., Verheule, S., Scott, L., et al. (2003). Arrhythmogenic substrate of the pulmonary veins assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Circulation, 107(13), 1816–1821.PubMedCrossRef Arora, R., Verheule, S., Scott, L., et al. (2003). Arrhythmogenic substrate of the pulmonary veins assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Circulation, 107(13), 1816–1821.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalifa, J., Jalife, J., Zaitsev, A. V., et al. (2003). Intra-atrial pressure increases rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(6), 668–671.PubMedCrossRef Kalifa, J., Jalife, J., Zaitsev, A. V., et al. (2003). Intra-atrial pressure increases rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(6), 668–671.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Hocini, M., Macle, L., et al. (2002). Distinctive electrophysiological properties of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 106(19), 2479–2485.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Hocini, M., Macle, L., et al. (2002). Distinctive electrophysiological properties of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 106(19), 2479–2485.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, S. A., & Tai, C. T. (2005). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation originating from the non-pulmonary vein foci. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(2), 229–232.PubMedCrossRef Chen, S. A., & Tai, C. T. (2005). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation originating from the non-pulmonary vein foci. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(2), 229–232.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumagai, K., Ogawa, M., Noguchi, H., Yasuda, T., Nakashima, H., & Saku, K. (2004). Electrophysiologic properties of pulmonary veins assessed using a multielectrode basket catheter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(12), 2281–2289.PubMedCrossRef Kumagai, K., Ogawa, M., Noguchi, H., Yasuda, T., Nakashima, H., & Saku, K. (2004). Electrophysiologic properties of pulmonary veins assessed using a multielectrode basket catheter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(12), 2281–2289.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Atienza, F., Almendral, J., Moreno, J., et al. (2006). Activation of inward rectifier potassium channels accelerates atrial fibrillation in humans: Evidence for a reentrant mechanism. Circulation, 114(23), 2434–2442.PubMedCrossRef Atienza, F., Almendral, J., Moreno, J., et al. (2006). Activation of inward rectifier potassium channels accelerates atrial fibrillation in humans: Evidence for a reentrant mechanism. Circulation, 114(23), 2434–2442.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanders, P., Berenfeld, O., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Spectral analysis identifies sites of high-frequency activity maintaining atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 112(6), 789–797.PubMedCrossRef Sanders, P., Berenfeld, O., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Spectral analysis identifies sites of high-frequency activity maintaining atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 112(6), 789–797.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemola, K., Ting, M., Gupta, P., et al. (2006). Effects of two different catheter ablation techniques on spectral characteristics of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(2), 340–348.PubMedCrossRef Lemola, K., Ting, M., Gupta, P., et al. (2006). Effects of two different catheter ablation techniques on spectral characteristics of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(2), 340–348.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaitkevicius, R., Saburkina, I., Rysevaite, K., et al. (2009). Nerve supply of the human pulmonary veins: An anatomical study. Heart Rhythm, 6(2), 221–228.PubMedCrossRef Vaitkevicius, R., Saburkina, I., Rysevaite, K., et al. (2009). Nerve supply of the human pulmonary veins: An anatomical study. Heart Rhythm, 6(2), 221–228.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Dibs, S. R., Ng, J., Arora, R., Passman, R. S., Kadish, A. H., & Goldberger, J. J. (2008). Spatiotemporal characterization of atrial activation in persistent human atrial fibrillation: Multisite electrogram analysis and surface electrocardiographic correlations–a pilot study. Heart Rhythm, 5(5), 686–693.PubMedCrossRef Dibs, S. R., Ng, J., Arora, R., Passman, R. S., Kadish, A. H., & Goldberger, J. J. (2008). Spatiotemporal characterization of atrial activation in persistent human atrial fibrillation: Multisite electrogram analysis and surface electrocardiographic correlations–a pilot study. Heart Rhythm, 5(5), 686–693.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lazar, S., Dixit, S., Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D. J., & Gerstenfeld, E. P. (2004). Presence of left-to-right atrial frequency gradient in paroxysmal but not persistent atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 110(20), 3181–3186.PubMedCrossRef Lazar, S., Dixit, S., Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D. J., & Gerstenfeld, E. P. (2004). Presence of left-to-right atrial frequency gradient in paroxysmal but not persistent atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 110(20), 3181–3186.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansour, M., Mandapati, R., Berenfeld, O., Chen, J., Samie, F. H., & Jalife, J. (2001). Left-to-right gradient of atrial frequencies during acute atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 103(21), 2631–2636.PubMed Mansour, M., Mandapati, R., Berenfeld, O., Chen, J., Samie, F. H., & Jalife, J. (2001). Left-to-right gradient of atrial frequencies during acute atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation, 103(21), 2631–2636.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Sahadevan, J., Ryu, K., Peltz, L., et al. (2004). Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients: Preliminary observations. Circulation, 110(21), 3293–3299.PubMedCrossRef Sahadevan, J., Ryu, K., Peltz, L., et al. (2004). Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients: Preliminary observations. Circulation, 110(21), 3293–3299.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarmast, F., Kolli, A., Zaitsev, A., et al. (2003). Cholinergic atrial fibrillation: I(K, ACh) gradients determine unequal left/right atrial frequencies and rotor dynamics. Cardiovascular Research, 59(4), 863–873.PubMedCrossRef Sarmast, F., Kolli, A., Zaitsev, A., et al. (2003). Cholinergic atrial fibrillation: I(K, ACh) gradients determine unequal left/right atrial frequencies and rotor dynamics. Cardiovascular Research, 59(4), 863–873.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Voigt, N., Trausch, A., Knaut, M., et al. (2010). Left-to-right atrial inward rectifier potassium current gradients in patients with paroxysmal versus chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 472–480.PubMedCrossRef Voigt, N., Trausch, A., Knaut, M., et al. (2010). Left-to-right atrial inward rectifier potassium current gradients in patients with paroxysmal versus chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 472–480.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Caballero, R., de la Fuente, M. G., Gomez, R., et al. (2010). In humans, chronic atrial fibrillation decreases the transient outward current and ultrarapid component of the delayed rectifier current differentially on each atria and increases the slow component of the delayed rectifier current in both. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(21), 2346–2354.PubMedCrossRef Caballero, R., de la Fuente, M. G., Gomez, R., et al. (2010). In humans, chronic atrial fibrillation decreases the transient outward current and ultrarapid component of the delayed rectifier current differentially on each atria and increases the slow component of the delayed rectifier current in both. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(21), 2346–2354.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Role of high dominant frequency sites in nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation patients: Insights from high-density frequency and fractionation mapping. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1255–1262.PubMedCrossRef Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Role of high dominant frequency sites in nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation patients: Insights from high-density frequency and fractionation mapping. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1255–1262.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Armour, J. A. (1997). Intrinsic cardiac neurons involved in cardiac regulation possess alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 13(3), 277–284.PubMed Armour, J. A. (1997). Intrinsic cardiac neurons involved in cardiac regulation possess alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 13(3), 277–284.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Pauza, D. H., Skripka, V., Pauziene, N., & Stropus, R. (2000). Morphology, distribution, and variability of the epicardiac neural ganglionated subplexuses in the human heart. Anatomical Record, 259(4), 353–382.PubMedCrossRef Pauza, D. H., Skripka, V., Pauziene, N., & Stropus, R. (2000). Morphology, distribution, and variability of the epicardiac neural ganglionated subplexuses in the human heart. Anatomical Record, 259(4), 353–382.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoff, H. E., Geddes, L. A., & McCrady, J. D. (1965). The maintenance of experimental atrial fibrillation by cholinergic factors. Cardiovascular Research Center Bulletin, 49, 117–129.PubMed Hoff, H. E., Geddes, L. A., & McCrady, J. D. (1965). The maintenance of experimental atrial fibrillation by cholinergic factors. Cardiovascular Research Center Bulletin, 49, 117–129.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Po, S. S., Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W. S., et al. (2006). Experimental model for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation arising at the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions. Heart Rhythm, 3(2), 201–208.PubMedCrossRef Po, S. S., Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W. S., et al. (2006). Experimental model for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation arising at the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions. Heart Rhythm, 3(2), 201–208.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W., Patel, U., Lazzara, R., & Jackman, W. M. (2005). Autonomically induced conversion of pulmonary vein focal firing into atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(11), 1878–1886.PubMedCrossRef Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W., Patel, U., Lazzara, R., & Jackman, W. M. (2005). Autonomically induced conversion of pulmonary vein focal firing into atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(11), 1878–1886.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Patterson, E., Jackman, W. M., Beckman, K. J., et al. (2007). Spontaneous pulmonary vein firing in man: Relationship to tachycardia-pause early afterdepolarizations and triggered arrhythmia in canine pulmonary veins in vitro. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(10), 1067–1075.PubMedCrossRef Patterson, E., Jackman, W. M., Beckman, K. J., et al. (2007). Spontaneous pulmonary vein firing in man: Relationship to tachycardia-pause early afterdepolarizations and triggered arrhythmia in canine pulmonary veins in vitro. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(10), 1067–1075.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Patterson, E., Po, S. S., Scherlag, B. J., & Lazzara, R. (2005). Triggered firing in pulmonary veins initiated by in vitro autonomic nerve stimulation. Heart Rhythm, 2(6), 624–631.PubMedCrossRef Patterson, E., Po, S. S., Scherlag, B. J., & Lazzara, R. (2005). Triggered firing in pulmonary veins initiated by in vitro autonomic nerve stimulation. Heart Rhythm, 2(6), 624–631.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Patterson, E., Lazzara, R., Szabo, B., et al. (2006). Sodium-calcium exchange initiated by the Ca2+ transient: An arrhythmia trigger within pulmonary veins. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(6), 1196–1206.PubMedCrossRef Patterson, E., Lazzara, R., Szabo, B., et al. (2006). Sodium-calcium exchange initiated by the Ca2+ transient: An arrhythmia trigger within pulmonary veins. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(6), 1196–1206.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Burashnikov, A., & Antzelevitch, C. (2003). Reinduction of atrial fibrillation immediately after termination of the arrhythmia is mediated by late phase 3 early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activity. Circulation, 107(18), 2355–2360.PubMedCrossRef Burashnikov, A., & Antzelevitch, C. (2003). Reinduction of atrial fibrillation immediately after termination of the arrhythmia is mediated by late phase 3 early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activity. Circulation, 107(18), 2355–2360.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Platt, M., Mandapati, R., Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W. S., Nakagawa, H., Lazzara, R., et al. (2004). Limiting the number and extent of radiofrequency applications to terminate atrial fibrillation and subsequently prevent its inducibility. Heart Rhythm. 1, p.S11 (abstract 33). Platt, M., Mandapati, R., Scherlag, B. J., Yamanashi, W. S., Nakagawa, H., Lazzara, R., et al. (2004). Limiting the number and extent of radiofrequency applications to terminate atrial fibrillation and subsequently prevent its inducibility. Heart Rhythm. 1, p.S11 (abstract 33).
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Pokushalov, E., Turov, A., Shugayev, P., Artyomenko, S., Romanov, A., & Shirokova, N. (2008). Catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexi for atrial fibrillation. Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals, 16(3), 194–201. Pokushalov, E., Turov, A., Shugayev, P., Artyomenko, S., Romanov, A., & Shirokova, N. (2008). Catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexi for atrial fibrillation. Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals, 16(3), 194–201.
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Pokushalov, E., Romanov, A., Artyomenko, S., Turov, A., Shirokova, N., & Katritsis, D. G. (2010). Left atrial ablation at the anatomic areas of ganglionated plexi for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(10), 1231–1238.PubMedCrossRef Pokushalov, E., Romanov, A., Artyomenko, S., Turov, A., Shirokova, N., & Katritsis, D. G. (2010). Left atrial ablation at the anatomic areas of ganglionated plexi for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(10), 1231–1238.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemery, R., Birnie, D., Tang, A. S., Green, M., & Gollob, M. (2006). Feasibility study of endocardial mapping of ganglionated plexuses during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 3(4), 387–396.PubMedCrossRef Lemery, R., Birnie, D., Tang, A. S., Green, M., & Gollob, M. (2006). Feasibility study of endocardial mapping of ganglionated plexuses during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 3(4), 387–396.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang, F., Tilz, R., Chun, J., et al. (2010). Long-term results of catheter ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Lessons from a 5-year follow-up. Circulation, 122(23), 2368–2377.PubMedCrossRef Ouyang, F., Tilz, R., Chun, J., et al. (2010). Long-term results of catheter ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Lessons from a 5-year follow-up. Circulation, 122(23), 2368–2377.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Weerasooriya, R., Khairy, P., Litalien, J., et al. (2011). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Are results maintained at 5 years of follow-up? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(2), 160–166.PubMedCrossRef Weerasooriya, R., Khairy, P., Litalien, J., et al. (2011). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Are results maintained at 5 years of follow-up? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(2), 160–166.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Katritsis, D. G., Giazitzoglou, E., Zografos, T., Pokushalov, E., Po, S. S., & Camm, A. J. (2011). Rapid pulmonary vein isolation combined with autonomic ganglia modification: A randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 8(5), 672–678.PubMedCrossRef Katritsis, D. G., Giazitzoglou, E., Zografos, T., Pokushalov, E., Po, S. S., & Camm, A. J. (2011). Rapid pulmonary vein isolation combined with autonomic ganglia modification: A randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 8(5), 672–678.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa, H., Y. K., Scherlag, B. J., Katari, V., Aoyama, H., Foresti, S., & Jackman, W. M. (2008). Ablation of autonomic ganglia. In: Steinberg, J. S., Calkins, H., Jais, P. (Eds.) A practical approach to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (1st ed., pp. 218–230). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Nakagawa, H., Y. K., Scherlag, B. J., Katari, V., Aoyama, H., Foresti, S., & Jackman, W. M. (2008). Ablation of autonomic ganglia. In: Steinberg, J. S., Calkins, H., Jais, P. (Eds.) A practical approach to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (1st ed., pp. 218–230). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa, H., Scherlag, B., Patterson, E., Ikeda, A., Lockwood, D., & Jackman, W. M. (2009). Pathophysiologic basis of autonomic ganglionated plexi ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 6, S26–S34.PubMedCrossRef Nakagawa, H., Scherlag, B., Patterson, E., Ikeda, A., Lockwood, D., & Jackman, W. M. (2009). Pathophysiologic basis of autonomic ganglionated plexi ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 6, S26–S34.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Po, S. S., Nakagawa, H., & Jackman, W. M. (2009). Localization of left atrial ganglionated plexi in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1186–1189.PubMedCrossRef Po, S. S., Nakagawa, H., & Jackman, W. M. (2009). Localization of left atrial ganglionated plexi in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1186–1189.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu, S., Chen, X., Kanters, J. K., Solomon, I. C., & Chon, K. H. (2008). Automatic selection of the threshold value R for approximate entropy. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(8), 1966–1972.PubMedCrossRef Lu, S., Chen, X., Kanters, J. K., Solomon, I. C., & Chon, K. H. (2008). Automatic selection of the threshold value R for approximate entropy. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(8), 1966–1972.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Niu, G., Scherlag, B. J., Lu, Z., et al. (2009). An acute experimental model demonstrating 2 different forms of sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 384–392.PubMedCrossRef Niu, G., Scherlag, B. J., Lu, Z., et al. (2009). An acute experimental model demonstrating 2 different forms of sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 384–392.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherlag, B. J., Hou, Y. L., Lin, J., et al. (2008). An acute model for atrial fibrillation arising from a peripheral atrial site: Evidence for primary and secondary triggers. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(5), 519–527.PubMedCrossRef Scherlag, B. J., Hou, Y. L., Lin, J., et al. (2008). An acute model for atrial fibrillation arising from a peripheral atrial site: Evidence for primary and secondary triggers. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(5), 519–527.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill, M. D., Jais, P., Takahashi, Y., et al. (2006). The stepwise ablation approach for chronic atrial fibrillation–evidence for a cumulative effect. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 16(3), 153–167.PubMedCrossRef O’Neill, M. D., Jais, P., Takahashi, Y., et al. (2006). The stepwise ablation approach for chronic atrial fibrillation–evidence for a cumulative effect. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 16(3), 153–167.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Nademanee, K., McKenzie, J., Kosar, E., et al. (2004). A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(11), 2044–2053.PubMedCrossRef Nademanee, K., McKenzie, J., Kosar, E., et al. (2004). A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(11), 2044–2053.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2007). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation guided by complex electrograms. Circulation, 115(20), 2606–2612.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2007). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation guided by complex electrograms. Circulation, 115(20), 2606–2612.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Chugh, A., Yoshida, K., et al. (2009). A randomized assessment of the incremental role of ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms after antral pulmonary vein isolation for long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(9), 782–789.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Chugh, A., Yoshida, K., et al. (2009). A randomized assessment of the incremental role of ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms after antral pulmonary vein isolation for long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(9), 782–789.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu, Z., Scherlag, B. J., Lin, J., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: Autonomic mechanism for atrial electrical remodeling induced by short-term rapid atrial pacing. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(3), 184–192.PubMedCrossRef Lu, Z., Scherlag, B. J., Lin, J., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: Autonomic mechanism for atrial electrical remodeling induced by short-term rapid atrial pacing. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(3), 184–192.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Wijffels, M. C., Kirchhof, C. J., Dorland, R., & Allessie, M. A. (1995). Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation, 92(7), 1954–1968.PubMed Wijffels, M. C., Kirchhof, C. J., Dorland, R., & Allessie, M. A. (1995). Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation, 92(7), 1954–1968.PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, S., Scherlag, B. J., Yu, L., et al. (2009). Low-level vagosympathetic stimulation: A paradox and potential new modality for the treatment of focal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 645–651.PubMedCrossRef Li, S., Scherlag, B. J., Yu, L., et al. (2009). Low-level vagosympathetic stimulation: A paradox and potential new modality for the treatment of focal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 645–651.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., Wazni, O., et al. (2003). Phased-array intracardiac echocardiography monitoring during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: Impact on outcome and complications. Circulation, 107(21), 2710–2716.PubMedCrossRef Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., Wazni, O., et al. (2003). Phased-array intracardiac echocardiography monitoring during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: Impact on outcome and complications. Circulation, 107(21), 2710–2716.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang, F., Bansch, D., Ernst, S., et al. (2004). Complete isolation of left atrium surrounding the pulmonary veins: New insights from the double-Lasso technique in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 110(15), 2090–2096.PubMedCrossRef Ouyang, F., Bansch, D., Ernst, S., et al. (2004). Complete isolation of left atrium surrounding the pulmonary veins: New insights from the double-Lasso technique in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 110(15), 2090–2096.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Augello, G., et al. (2003). Mortality, morbidity, and quality of life after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: Outcomes from a controlled nonrandomized long-term study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(2), 185–197.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Augello, G., et al. (2003). Mortality, morbidity, and quality of life after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: Outcomes from a controlled nonrandomized long-term study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(2), 185–197.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Santinelli, V., Manguso, F., et al. (2004). Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 109(3), 327–334.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Santinelli, V., Manguso, F., et al. (2004). Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 109(3), 327–334.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherlag, B. J., Nakagawa, H., Jackman, W. M., et al. (2005). Electrical stimulation to identify neural elements on the heart: Their role in atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(Suppl 1), 37–42.PubMedCrossRef Scherlag, B. J., Nakagawa, H., Jackman, W. M., et al. (2005). Electrical stimulation to identify neural elements on the heart: Their role in atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(Suppl 1), 37–42.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi, Y., O’Neill, M. D., Hocini, M., et al. (2007). Effects of stepwise ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation on atrial electrical and mechanical properties. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(12), 1306–1314.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi, Y., O’Neill, M. D., Hocini, M., et al. (2007). Effects of stepwise ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation on atrial electrical and mechanical properties. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(12), 1306–1314.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishida, K., Sarrazin, J. F., Fujiki, A., et al. (2010). Roles of the left atrial roof and pulmonary veins in the anatomic substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation and ablation in a canine model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(21), 1728–1736.PubMedCrossRef Nishida, K., Sarrazin, J. F., Fujiki, A., et al. (2010). Roles of the left atrial roof and pulmonary veins in the anatomic substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation and ablation in a canine model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(21), 1728–1736.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Datino, T., Macle, L., Qi, X. Y., et al. (2010). Mechanisms by which adenosine restores conduction in dormant canine pulmonary veins. Circulation, 121(8), 963–972.PubMedCrossRef Datino, T., Macle, L., Qi, X. Y., et al. (2010). Mechanisms by which adenosine restores conduction in dormant canine pulmonary veins. Circulation, 121(8), 963–972.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Grzeda, K. R., Noujaim, S. F., Berenfeld, O., & Jalife, J. (2009). Complex fractionated atrial electrograms: Properties of time–domain versus frequency–domain methods. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1475–1482.PubMedCrossRef Grzeda, K. R., Noujaim, S. F., Berenfeld, O., & Jalife, J. (2009). Complex fractionated atrial electrograms: Properties of time–domain versus frequency–domain methods. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1475–1482.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishida, K., Maguy, A., Sakabe, M., Comtois, P., Inoue, H., & Nattel, S. (2011). The role of pulmonary veins vs. autonomic ganglia in different experimental substrates of canine atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res, 89(4), 825–833.PubMedCrossRef Nishida, K., Maguy, A., Sakabe, M., Comtois, P., Inoue, H., & Nattel, S. (2011). The role of pulmonary veins vs. autonomic ganglia in different experimental substrates of canine atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res, 89(4), 825–833.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Akoum, N., Daccarett, M., McGann, C., et al. (2011). Atrial fibrosis helps select the appropriate patient and strategy in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A DE-MRI guided approach. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(1), 16–22.PubMedCrossRef Akoum, N., Daccarett, M., McGann, C., et al. (2011). Atrial fibrosis helps select the appropriate patient and strategy in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A DE-MRI guided approach. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(1), 16–22.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Stewart, S., Hart, C. L., Hole, D. J., & McMurray, J. J. (2002). A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. American Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 359–364.PubMedCrossRef Stewart, S., Hart, C. L., Hole, D. J., & McMurray, J. J. (2002). A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. American Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 359–364.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Wattigney, W. A., Mensah, G. A., & Croft, J. B. (2002). Increased atrial fibrillation mortality: United States, 1980–1998. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(9), 819–826.PubMedCrossRef Wattigney, W. A., Mensah, G. A., & Croft, J. B. (2002). Increased atrial fibrillation mortality: United States, 1980–1998. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(9), 819–826.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., & Kannel, W. B. (1987). Atrial fibrillation: A major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med, 147(9), 1561–1564.PubMedCrossRef Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., & Kannel, W. B. (1987). Atrial fibrillation: A major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med, 147(9), 1561–1564.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark, D. M., Plumb, V. J., Epstein, A. E., & Kay, G. N. (1997). Hemodynamic effects of an irregular sequence of ventricular cycle lengths during atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 30(4), 1039–1045.PubMedCrossRef Clark, D. M., Plumb, V. J., Epstein, A. E., & Kay, G. N. (1997). Hemodynamic effects of an irregular sequence of ventricular cycle lengths during atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 30(4), 1039–1045.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlsson, J., Miketic, S., Windeler, J., et al. (2003). Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(10), 1690–1696.PubMedCrossRef Carlsson, J., Miketic, S., Windeler, J., et al. (2003). Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(10), 1690–1696.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Gelder, I. C., Hagens, V. E., Bosker, H. A., et al. (2002). A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(23), 1834–1840.PubMedCrossRef Van Gelder, I. C., Hagens, V. E., Bosker, H. A., et al. (2002). A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(23), 1834–1840.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Wyse, D. G., Waldo, A. L., DiMarco, J. P., et al. (2002). A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(23), 1825–1833.PubMedCrossRef Wyse, D. G., Waldo, A. L., DiMarco, J. P., et al. (2002). A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(23), 1825–1833.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Hohnloser, S. H., Kuck, K. H., & Lilienthal, J. (2000). Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation–Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): A randomised trial. Lancet, 356(9244), 1789–1794.PubMedCrossRef Hohnloser, S. H., Kuck, K. H., & Lilienthal, J. (2000). Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation–Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): A randomised trial. Lancet, 356(9244), 1789–1794.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh, S. N., Tang, X. C., Singh, B. N., et al. (2006). Quality of life and exercise performance in patients in sinus rhythm versus persistent atrial fibrillation: A Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Substudy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 721–730.PubMedCrossRef Singh, S. N., Tang, X. C., Singh, B. N., et al. (2006). Quality of life and exercise performance in patients in sinus rhythm versus persistent atrial fibrillation: A Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Substudy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 721–730.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Corley, S. D., Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., et al. (2004). Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation, 109(12), 1509–1513.PubMedCrossRef Corley, S. D., Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., et al. (2004). Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation, 109(12), 1509–1513.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Pedersen, O. D., Bagger, H., Keller, N., Marchant, B., Kober, L., & Torp-Pedersen, C. (2001). Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: A Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) substudy. Circulation, 104(3), 292–296.PubMed Pedersen, O. D., Bagger, H., Keller, N., Marchant, B., Kober, L., & Torp-Pedersen, C. (2001). Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: A Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) substudy. Circulation, 104(3), 292–296.PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Talajic, M., Khairy, P., Levesque, S., et al. (2010). Maintenance of sinus rhythm and survival in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(17), 1796–1802.PubMedCrossRef Talajic, M., Khairy, P., Levesque, S., et al. (2010). Maintenance of sinus rhythm and survival in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(17), 1796–1802.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Augello, G., Sala, S., et al. (2006). A randomized trial of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The APAF Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(11), 2340–2347.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Augello, G., Sala, S., et al. (2006). A randomized trial of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The APAF Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(11), 2340–2347.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni, O. M., Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., et al. (2005). Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(21), 2634–2640.PubMedCrossRef Wazni, O. M., Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., et al. (2005). Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(21), 2634–2640.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Cauchemez, B., Macle, L., et al. (2008). Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: The A4 study. Circulation, 118(24), 2498–2505.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Cauchemez, B., Macle, L., et al. (2008). Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: The A4 study. Circulation, 118(24), 2498–2505.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Guiot, A., Jongnarangsin, K., Chugh, A., Suwanagool, A., Latchamsetty, R., Myles, JD, et al. (2012). Anticoagulant therapy and risk of cerebrovascular events after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderly. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 23(1), 36–43. Guiot, A., Jongnarangsin, K., Chugh, A., Suwanagool, A., Latchamsetty, R., Myles, JD, et al. (2012). Anticoagulant therapy and risk of cerebrovascular events after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderly. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 23(1), 36–43.
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Nademanee, K., Schwab, M. C., Kosar, E. M., et al. (2008). Clinical outcomes of catheter substrate ablation for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(8), 843–849.PubMedCrossRef Nademanee, K., Schwab, M. C., Kosar, E. M., et al. (2008). Clinical outcomes of catheter substrate ablation for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(8), 843–849.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Chugh, A., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2006). Risk of thromboembolic events after percutaneous left atrial radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 114(8), 759–765.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Chugh, A., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2006). Risk of thromboembolic events after percutaneous left atrial radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 114(8), 759–765.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Themistoclakis, S., Corrado, A., Marchlinski, F. E., et al. (2010). The risk of thromboembolism and need for oral anticoagulation after successful atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(8), 735–743.PubMedCrossRef Themistoclakis, S., Corrado, A., Marchlinski, F. E., et al. (2010). The risk of thromboembolism and need for oral anticoagulation after successful atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(8), 735–743.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Cleland, J. G., Coletta, A. P., Buga, L., Ahmed, D., & Clark, A. L. (2010). Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology meeting 2010: DOSE, ASPIRE, CONNECT, STICH, STOP-AF, CABANA, RACE II, EVEREST II, ACCORD, and NAVIGATOR. European Journal of Heart Failure, 12(6), 623–629.PubMedCrossRef Cleland, J. G., Coletta, A. P., Buga, L., Ahmed, D., & Clark, A. L. (2010). Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology meeting 2010: DOSE, ASPIRE, CONNECT, STICH, STOP-AF, CABANA, RACE II, EVEREST II, ACCORD, and NAVIGATOR. European Journal of Heart Failure, 12(6), 623–629.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertaglia, E., Tondo, C., De Simone, A., et al. (2010). Does catheter ablation cure atrial fibrillation? Single-procedure outcome of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation ablation: A 6-year multicentre experience. Europace, 12(2), 181–187.PubMedCrossRef Bertaglia, E., Tondo, C., De Simone, A., et al. (2010). Does catheter ablation cure atrial fibrillation? Single-procedure outcome of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation ablation: A 6-year multicentre experience. Europace, 12(2), 181–187.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Cappato, R., Negroni, S., Pecora, D., et al. (2003). Prospective assessment of late conduction recurrence across radiofrequency lesions producing electrical disconnection at the pulmonary vein ostium in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(13), 1599–1604.PubMedCrossRef Cappato, R., Negroni, S., Pecora, D., et al. (2003). Prospective assessment of late conduction recurrence across radiofrequency lesions producing electrical disconnection at the pulmonary vein ostium in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(13), 1599–1604.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheema, A., Dong, J., Dalal, D., et al. (2007). Incidence and time course of early recovery of pulmonary vein conduction after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 387–391.PubMedCrossRef Cheema, A., Dong, J., Dalal, D., et al. (2007). Incidence and time course of early recovery of pulmonary vein conduction after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 387–391.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Kron, J., Kasirajan, V., Wood, M. A., Kowalski, M., Han, F. T., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2010). Management of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after minimally invasive surgical pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionic plexi ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(4), 445–451.PubMedCrossRef Kron, J., Kasirajan, V., Wood, M. A., Kowalski, M., Han, F. T., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2010). Management of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after minimally invasive surgical pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionic plexi ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(4), 445–451.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang, F., Antz, M., Ernst, S., et al. (2005). Recovered pulmonary vein conduction as a dominant factor for recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias after complete circular isolation of the pulmonary veins: Lessons from double Lasso technique. Circulation, 111(2), 127–135.PubMedCrossRef Ouyang, F., Antz, M., Ernst, S., et al. (2005). Recovered pulmonary vein conduction as a dominant factor for recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias after complete circular isolation of the pulmonary veins: Lessons from double Lasso technique. Circulation, 111(2), 127–135.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawhney, N., Anousheh, R., Chen, W. C., Narayan, S., & Feld, G. K. (2009). Five-year outcomes after segmental pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 104(3), 366–372.PubMedCrossRef Sawhney, N., Anousheh, R., Chen, W. C., Narayan, S., & Feld, G. K. (2009). Five-year outcomes after segmental pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 104(3), 366–372.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma, A., Kilicaslan, F., Pisano, E., et al. (2005). Response of atrial fibrillation to pulmonary vein antrum isolation is directly related to resumption and delay of pulmonary vein conduction. Circulation, 112(5), 627–635.PubMedCrossRef Verma, A., Kilicaslan, F., Pisano, E., et al. (2005). Response of atrial fibrillation to pulmonary vein antrum isolation is directly related to resumption and delay of pulmonary vein conduction. Circulation, 112(5), 627–635.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Wokhlu, A., Hodge, D. O., Monahan, K. H., et al. (2010). Long-term outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation: Impact and predictors of very late recurrence. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(10), 1071–1078.PubMedCrossRef Wokhlu, A., Hodge, D. O., Monahan, K. H., et al. (2010). Long-term outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation: Impact and predictors of very late recurrence. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(10), 1071–1078.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Zado, E., Callans, D. J., Riley, M., et al. (2008). Long-term clinical efficacy and risk of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in the elderly. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(6), 621–626.PubMedCrossRef Zado, E., Callans, D. J., Riley, M., et al. (2008). Long-term clinical efficacy and risk of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in the elderly. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(6), 621–626.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, G., Wu, H., Kalman, J. M., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation following lung transplantation: Double but not single lung transplant is associated with long-term freedom from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 31(22), 2774–2782.PubMedCrossRef Lee, G., Wu, H., Kalman, J. M., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation following lung transplantation: Double but not single lung transplant is associated with long-term freedom from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 31(22), 2774–2782.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, S. L., Tuan, T. C., Tai, C. T., et al. (2009). Comparison of outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with versus without the metabolic syndrome. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(1), 67–72.PubMedCrossRef Chang, S. L., Tuan, T. C., Tai, C. T., et al. (2009). Comparison of outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with versus without the metabolic syndrome. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(1), 67–72.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao, T. F., Suenari, K., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Atrial substrate properties and outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose. The American Journal of Cardiology, 106(11), 1615–1620.PubMedCrossRef Chao, T. F., Suenari, K., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Atrial substrate properties and outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose. The American Journal of Cardiology, 106(11), 1615–1620.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu, Y. F., Yeh, H. I., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2011). Impact of circulating monocyte CD36 level on atrial fibrillation and subsequent catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm, 8(5), 650–656.PubMedCrossRef Hu, Y. F., Yeh, H. I., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2011). Impact of circulating monocyte CD36 level on atrial fibrillation and subsequent catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm, 8(5), 650–656.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Koyama, T., Tada, H., Sekiguchi, Y., et al. (2010). Prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence with corticosteroids after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(18), 1463–1472.PubMedCrossRef Koyama, T., Tada, H., Sekiguchi, Y., et al. (2010). Prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence with corticosteroids after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(18), 1463–1472.PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Letsas, K. P., Weber, R., Burkle, G., et al. (2009). Pre-ablative predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence following pulmonary vein isolation: The potential role of inflammation. Europace, 11(2), 158–163.PubMedCrossRef Letsas, K. P., Weber, R., Burkle, G., et al. (2009). Pre-ablative predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence following pulmonary vein isolation: The potential role of inflammation. Europace, 11(2), 158–163.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Prognostic implications of the high-sensitive C-reactive protein in the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 105(4), 495–501.PubMedCrossRef Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., Chang, S. L., et al. (2010). Prognostic implications of the high-sensitive C-reactive protein in the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 105(4), 495–501.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, M. C., Dublin, S., Kaplan, R. C., et al. (2008). Blood pressure control and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Hypertension, 21(10), 1111–1116.PubMedCrossRef Thomas, M. C., Dublin, S., Kaplan, R. C., et al. (2008). Blood pressure control and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Hypertension, 21(10), 1111–1116.PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Tuan, T. C., Chang, S. L., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2010). The impact of age on the electroanatomical characteristics and outcome of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(9), 966–972.PubMedCrossRef Tuan, T. C., Chang, S. L., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2010). The impact of age on the electroanatomical characteristics and outcome of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(9), 966–972.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., Vaziri, S. M., D’Agostino, R. B., Belanger, A. J., & Wolf, P. A. (1994). Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(11), 840–844.PubMedCrossRef Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., Vaziri, S. M., D’Agostino, R. B., Belanger, A. J., & Wolf, P. A. (1994). Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(11), 840–844.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Chamberlain, A. M., Agarwal, S. K., Folsom, A. R., et al. (2011). A clinical risk score for atrial fibrillation in a biracial prospective cohort (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study). The American Journal of Cardiology, 107(1), 85–91.PubMedCrossRef Chamberlain, A. M., Agarwal, S. K., Folsom, A. R., et al. (2011). A clinical risk score for atrial fibrillation in a biracial prospective cohort (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study). The American Journal of Cardiology, 107(1), 85–91.PubMedCrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Conen, D., Tedrow, U. B., Koplan, B. A., Glynn, R. J., Buring, J. E., & Albert, C. M. (2009). Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. Circulation, 119(16), 2146–2152.PubMedCrossRef Conen, D., Tedrow, U. B., Koplan, B. A., Glynn, R. J., Buring, J. E., & Albert, C. M. (2009). Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. Circulation, 119(16), 2146–2152.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Gami, A. S., Hodge, D. O., Herges, R. M., et al. (2007). Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(5), 565–571.PubMedCrossRef Gami, A. S., Hodge, D. O., Herges, R. M., et al. (2007). Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(5), 565–571.PubMedCrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Schnabel, R. B., Sullivan, L. M., Levy, D., et al. (2009). Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): A community-based cohort study. Lancet, 373(9665), 739–745.PubMedCrossRef Schnabel, R. B., Sullivan, L. M., Levy, D., et al. (2009). Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): A community-based cohort study. Lancet, 373(9665), 739–745.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, T. J., Parise, H., Levy, D., et al. (2004). Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(20), 2471–2477.PubMedCrossRef Wang, T. J., Parise, H., Levy, D., et al. (2004). Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(20), 2471–2477.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Karjalainen, J., Kujala, U. M., Kaprio, J., Sarna, S., & Viitasalo, M. (1998). Lone atrial fibrillation in vigorously exercising middle aged men: Case–control study. BMJ, 316(7147), 1784–1785.PubMedCrossRef Karjalainen, J., Kujala, U. M., Kaprio, J., Sarna, S., & Viitasalo, M. (1998). Lone atrial fibrillation in vigorously exercising middle aged men: Case–control study. BMJ, 316(7147), 1784–1785.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Mont, L., Sambola, A., Brugada, J., et al. (2002). Long-lasting sport practice and lone atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 23(6), 477–482.PubMedCrossRef Mont, L., Sambola, A., Brugada, J., et al. (2002). Long-lasting sport practice and lone atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 23(6), 477–482.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., et al. (2011). Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(4), 427–436.PubMedCrossRef Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., et al. (2011). Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(4), 427–436.PubMedCrossRef
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Abriel, H. (2010). Cardiac sodium channel Na(v)1.5 and interacting proteins: Physiology and pathophysiology. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 48(1), 2–11.PubMedCrossRef Abriel, H. (2010). Cardiac sodium channel Na(v)1.5 and interacting proteins: Physiology and pathophysiology. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 48(1), 2–11.PubMedCrossRef
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof, P., Kahr, P., Kaese, S., Piccini, I., Vokshi, I., Scheld, H., et al. (2011). PITX2c is expressed in the adult left atrium, and reducing Pitx2c expression promotes atrial fibrillation inducibility and complex changes in gene expression. Circ Cardiovasc Genet, 4(2), 123–133. Kirchhof, P., Kahr, P., Kaese, S., Piccini, I., Vokshi, I., Scheld, H., et al. (2011). PITX2c is expressed in the adult left atrium, and reducing Pitx2c expression promotes atrial fibrillation inducibility and complex changes in gene expression. Circ Cardiovasc Genet, 4(2), 123–133.
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Marinigh, R., Lip, G. Y., Fiotti, N., Giansante, C., & Lane, D. A. (2010). Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients implications for thromboprophylaxis: Implications for thromboprophylaxis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(11), 827–837.PubMedCrossRef Marinigh, R., Lip, G. Y., Fiotti, N., Giansante, C., & Lane, D. A. (2010). Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients implications for thromboprophylaxis: Implications for thromboprophylaxis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(11), 827–837.PubMedCrossRef
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Psaty, B. M., Manolio, T. A., Kuller, L. H., et al. (1997). Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation, 96(7), 2455–2461.PubMed Psaty, B. M., Manolio, T. A., Kuller, L. H., et al. (1997). Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation, 96(7), 2455–2461.PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosengren, A., Hauptman, P. J., Lappas, G., Olsson, L., Wilhelmsen, L., & Swedberg, K. (2009). Big men and atrial fibrillation: Effects of body size and weight gain on risk of atrial fibrillation in men. European Heart Journal, 30(9), 1113–1120.PubMedCrossRef Rosengren, A., Hauptman, P. J., Lappas, G., Olsson, L., Wilhelmsen, L., & Swedberg, K. (2009). Big men and atrial fibrillation: Effects of body size and weight gain on risk of atrial fibrillation in men. European Heart Journal, 30(9), 1113–1120.PubMedCrossRef
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Shotan, A., Garty, M., Blondhein, D. S., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation and long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for heart failure: Results from heart failure survey in Israel (HFSIS). European Heart Journal, 31(3), 309–317.PubMedCrossRef Shotan, A., Garty, M., Blondhein, D. S., et al. (2010). Atrial fibrillation and long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for heart failure: Results from heart failure survey in Israel (HFSIS). European Heart Journal, 31(3), 309–317.PubMedCrossRef
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsang, T. S., Gersh, B. J., Appleton, C. P., et al. (2002). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(9), 1636–1644.PubMedCrossRef Tsang, T. S., Gersh, B. J., Appleton, C. P., et al. (2002). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(9), 1636–1644.PubMedCrossRef
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Movahed, M. R., Hashemzadeh, M., & Jamal, M. M. (2005). Diabetes mellitus is a strong, independent risk for atrial fibrillation and flutter in addition to other cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Cardiology, 105(3), 315–318.PubMedCrossRef Movahed, M. R., Hashemzadeh, M., & Jamal, M. M. (2005). Diabetes mellitus is a strong, independent risk for atrial fibrillation and flutter in addition to other cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Cardiology, 105(3), 315–318.PubMedCrossRef
154.
Zurück zum Zitat de Vos, C. B., Pisters, R., Nieuwlaat, R., et al. (2010). Progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation clinical correlates and prognosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(8), 725–731.PubMedCrossRef de Vos, C. B., Pisters, R., Nieuwlaat, R., et al. (2010). Progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation clinical correlates and prognosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(8), 725–731.PubMedCrossRef
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Benito, B., Gay-Jordi, G., Serrano-Mollar, A., et al. (2011). Cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of long-term intensive exercise training. Circulation, 123(1), 13–22.PubMedCrossRef Benito, B., Gay-Jordi, G., Serrano-Mollar, A., et al. (2011). Cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of long-term intensive exercise training. Circulation, 123(1), 13–22.PubMedCrossRef
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Chilukuri, K., Dalal, D., Gadrey, S., et al. (2010). A prospective study evaluating the role of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea for outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(5), 521–525.PubMedCrossRef Chilukuri, K., Dalal, D., Gadrey, S., et al. (2010). A prospective study evaluating the role of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea for outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(5), 521–525.PubMedCrossRef
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Darbar, D., Herron, K. J., Ballew, J. D., et al. (2003). Familial atrial fibrillation is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(12), 2185–2192.PubMedCrossRef Darbar, D., Herron, K. J., Ballew, J. D., et al. (2003). Familial atrial fibrillation is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(12), 2185–2192.PubMedCrossRef
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellinor, P. T., Lunetta, K. L., Glazer, N. L., et al. (2010). Common variants in KCNN3 are associated with lone atrial fibrillation. Nature Genetics, 42(3), 240–244.PubMedCrossRef Ellinor, P. T., Lunetta, K. L., Glazer, N. L., et al. (2010). Common variants in KCNN3 are associated with lone atrial fibrillation. Nature Genetics, 42(3), 240–244.PubMedCrossRef
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Elosua, R., Arquer, A., Mont, L., et al. (2006). Sport practice and the risk of lone atrial fibrillation: A case–control study. International Journal of Cardiology, 108(3), 332–337.PubMedCrossRef Elosua, R., Arquer, A., Mont, L., et al. (2006). Sport practice and the risk of lone atrial fibrillation: A case–control study. International Journal of Cardiology, 108(3), 332–337.PubMedCrossRef
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Fox, C. S., Parise, H., D’Agostino, R. B., Sr., et al. (2004). Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291(23), 2851–2855.PubMedCrossRef Fox, C. S., Parise, H., D’Agostino, R. B., Sr., et al. (2004). Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291(23), 2851–2855.PubMedCrossRef
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Jongnarangsin, K., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2008). Body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, and outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 668–672.PubMedCrossRef Jongnarangsin, K., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2008). Body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, and outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 668–672.PubMedCrossRef
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Matiello, M., Nadal, M., Tamborero, D., et al. (2010). Low efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Europace, 12(8), 1084–1089.PubMedCrossRef Matiello, M., Nadal, M., Tamborero, D., et al. (2010). Low efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Europace, 12(8), 1084–1089.PubMedCrossRef
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Molina, L., Mont, L., Marrugat, J., et al. (2008). Long-term endurance sport practice increases the incidence of lone atrial fibrillation in men: A follow-up study. Europace, 10(5), 618–623.PubMedCrossRef Molina, L., Mont, L., Marrugat, J., et al. (2008). Long-term endurance sport practice increases the incidence of lone atrial fibrillation in men: A follow-up study. Europace, 10(5), 618–623.PubMedCrossRef
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Mont, L., Elosua, R., & Brugada, J. (2009). Endurance sport practice as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Europace, 11(1), 11–17.PubMedCrossRef Mont, L., Elosua, R., & Brugada, J. (2009). Endurance sport practice as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Europace, 11(1), 11–17.PubMedCrossRef
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Mont, L., Tamborero, D., Elosua, R., et al. (2008). Physical activity, height, and left atrial size are independent risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation in middle-aged healthy individuals. Europace, 10(1), 15–20.PubMedCrossRef Mont, L., Tamborero, D., Elosua, R., et al. (2008). Physical activity, height, and left atrial size are independent risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation in middle-aged healthy individuals. Europace, 10(1), 15–20.PubMedCrossRef
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Mozaffarian, D., Furberg, C. D., Psaty, B. M., & Siscovick, D. (2008). Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Circulation, 118(8), 800–807.PubMedCrossRef Mozaffarian, D., Furberg, C. D., Psaty, B. M., & Siscovick, D. (2008). Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Circulation, 118(8), 800–807.PubMedCrossRef
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, D., Mohanty, P., Di Biase, L., et al. (2010). Safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: The impact of continuous positive airway pressure. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 445–451.PubMedCrossRef Patel, D., Mohanty, P., Di Biase, L., et al. (2010). Safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: The impact of continuous positive airway pressure. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 445–451.PubMedCrossRef
168.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnar, D. O., Thorvaldsson, S., Manolio, T. A., et al. (2006). Familial aggregation of atrial fibrillation in Iceland. European Heart Journal, 27(6), 708–712.PubMedCrossRef Arnar, D. O., Thorvaldsson, S., Manolio, T. A., et al. (2006). Familial aggregation of atrial fibrillation in Iceland. European Heart Journal, 27(6), 708–712.PubMedCrossRef
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellinor, P. T., Yoerger, D. M., Ruskin, J. N., & MacRae, C. A. (2005). Familial aggregation in lone atrial fibrillation. Human Genetics, 118(2), 179–184.PubMedCrossRef Ellinor, P. T., Yoerger, D. M., Ruskin, J. N., & MacRae, C. A. (2005). Familial aggregation in lone atrial fibrillation. Human Genetics, 118(2), 179–184.PubMedCrossRef
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Brugada, R., Tapscott, T., Czernuszewicz, G. Z., et al. (1997). Identification of a genetic locus for familial atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 336(13), 905–911.PubMedCrossRef Brugada, R., Tapscott, T., Czernuszewicz, G. Z., et al. (1997). Identification of a genetic locus for familial atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 336(13), 905–911.PubMedCrossRef
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellinor, P. T., Shin, J. T., Moore, R. K., Yoerger, D. M., & MacRae, C. A. (2003). Locus for atrial fibrillation maps to chromosome 6q14-16. Circulation, 107(23), 2880–2883.PubMedCrossRef Ellinor, P. T., Shin, J. T., Moore, R. K., Yoerger, D. M., & MacRae, C. A. (2003). Locus for atrial fibrillation maps to chromosome 6q14-16. Circulation, 107(23), 2880–2883.PubMedCrossRef
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, Y., Xia, M., Jin, Q., et al. (2004). Identification of a KCNE2 gain-of-function mutation in patients with familial atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 75(5), 899–905.CrossRef Yang, Y., Xia, M., Jin, Q., et al. (2004). Identification of a KCNE2 gain-of-function mutation in patients with familial atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 75(5), 899–905.CrossRef
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Xia, M., Jin, Q., Bendahhou, S., et al. (2005). A Kir2.1 gain-of-function mutation underlies familial atrial fibrillation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 332(4), 1012–1019.PubMedCrossRef Xia, M., Jin, Q., Bendahhou, S., et al. (2005). A Kir2.1 gain-of-function mutation underlies familial atrial fibrillation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 332(4), 1012–1019.PubMedCrossRef
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Antzelevitch, C., & Barajas-Martinez, H. (2010). A gain-of-function I(K-ATP) mutation and its role in sudden cardiac death associated with J-wave syndromes. Heart Rhythm, 7(10), 1472–1474.PubMedCrossRef Antzelevitch, C., & Barajas-Martinez, H. (2010). A gain-of-function I(K-ATP) mutation and its role in sudden cardiac death associated with J-wave syndromes. Heart Rhythm, 7(10), 1472–1474.PubMedCrossRef
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Olson, T. M., Alekseev, A. E., Liu, X. K., et al. (2006). Kv1.5 channelopathy due to KCNA5 loss-of-function mutation causes human atrial fibrillation. Human Molecular Genetics, 15(14), 2185–2191.PubMedCrossRef Olson, T. M., Alekseev, A. E., Liu, X. K., et al. (2006). Kv1.5 channelopathy due to KCNA5 loss-of-function mutation causes human atrial fibrillation. Human Molecular Genetics, 15(14), 2185–2191.PubMedCrossRef
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Olson, T. M., Alekseev, A. E., Moreau, C., et al. (2007). KATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillation. Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine, 4(2), 110–116.PubMedCrossRef Olson, T. M., Alekseev, A. E., Moreau, C., et al. (2007). KATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillation. Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine, 4(2), 110–116.PubMedCrossRef
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravn, L. S., Aizawa, Y., Pollevick, G. D., et al. (2008). Gain of function in IKs secondary to a mutation in KCNE5 associated with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5(3), 427–435.PubMedCrossRef Ravn, L. S., Aizawa, Y., Pollevick, G. D., et al. (2008). Gain of function in IKs secondary to a mutation in KCNE5 associated with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5(3), 427–435.PubMedCrossRef
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, X., Chen, S., Yoo, S., et al. (2008). Mutation in nuclear pore component NUP155 leads to atrial fibrillation and early sudden cardiac death. Cell, 135(6), 1017–1027.PubMedCrossRef Zhang, X., Chen, S., Yoo, S., et al. (2008). Mutation in nuclear pore component NUP155 leads to atrial fibrillation and early sudden cardiac death. Cell, 135(6), 1017–1027.PubMedCrossRef
179.
Zurück zum Zitat Antzelevitch, C., Pollevick, G. D., Cordeiro, J. M., et al. (2007). Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation, 115(4), 442–449.PubMedCrossRef Antzelevitch, C., Pollevick, G. D., Cordeiro, J. M., et al. (2007). Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation, 115(4), 442–449.PubMedCrossRef
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Brugada, R., Hong, K., Dumaine, R., et al. (2004). Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation, 109(1), 30–35.PubMedCrossRef Brugada, R., Hong, K., Dumaine, R., et al. (2004). Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation, 109(1), 30–35.PubMedCrossRef
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Priori, S. G., Pandit, S. V., Rivolta, I., et al. (2005). A novel form of short QT syndrome (SQT3) is caused by a mutation in the KCNJ2 gene. Circulation Research, 96(7), 800–807.PubMedCrossRef Priori, S. G., Pandit, S. V., Rivolta, I., et al. (2005). A novel form of short QT syndrome (SQT3) is caused by a mutation in the KCNJ2 gene. Circulation Research, 96(7), 800–807.PubMedCrossRef
182.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe, H., Koopmann, T. T., Le Scouarnec, S., et al. (2008). Sodium channel beta1 subunit mutations associated with Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease in humans. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118(6), 2260–2268.PubMed Watanabe, H., Koopmann, T. T., Le Scouarnec, S., et al. (2008). Sodium channel beta1 subunit mutations associated with Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease in humans. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118(6), 2260–2268.PubMed
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulze-Bahr, E., Eckardt, L., Breithardt, G., et al. (2003). Sodium channel gene (SCN5A) mutations in 44 index patients with Brugada syndrome: Different incidences in familial and sporadic disease. Human Mutation, 21(6), 651–652.PubMedCrossRef Schulze-Bahr, E., Eckardt, L., Breithardt, G., et al. (2003). Sodium channel gene (SCN5A) mutations in 44 index patients with Brugada syndrome: Different incidences in familial and sporadic disease. Human Mutation, 21(6), 651–652.PubMedCrossRef
184.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts, J. D., Davies, R. W., Lubitz, S. A., et al. (2010). Evaluation of non-synonymous NPPA single nucleotide polymorphisms in atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(8), 1078–1083.PubMedCrossRef Roberts, J. D., Davies, R. W., Lubitz, S. A., et al. (2010). Evaluation of non-synonymous NPPA single nucleotide polymorphisms in atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(8), 1078–1083.PubMedCrossRef
185.
Zurück zum Zitat Oberti, C., Wang, L., Li, L., et al. (2004). Genome-wide linkage scan identifies a novel genetic locus on chromosome 5p13 for neonatal atrial fibrillation associated with sudden death and variable cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 110(25), 3753–3759.PubMedCrossRef Oberti, C., Wang, L., Li, L., et al. (2004). Genome-wide linkage scan identifies a novel genetic locus on chromosome 5p13 for neonatal atrial fibrillation associated with sudden death and variable cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 110(25), 3753–3759.PubMedCrossRef
186.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Y. H., Xu, S. J., Bendahhou, S., et al. (2003). KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation. Science, 299(5604), 251–254.PubMedCrossRef Chen, Y. H., Xu, S. J., Bendahhou, S., et al. (2003). KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation. Science, 299(5604), 251–254.PubMedCrossRef
187.
Zurück zum Zitat Benjamin, E. J., Chen, P. S., Bild, D. E., et al. (2009). Prevention of atrial fibrillation: Report from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop. Circulation, 119(4), 606–618.PubMedCrossRef Benjamin, E. J., Chen, P. S., Bild, D. E., et al. (2009). Prevention of atrial fibrillation: Report from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop. Circulation, 119(4), 606–618.PubMedCrossRef
188.
Zurück zum Zitat Lubitz, S. A., Sinner, M. F., Lunetta, K. L., et al. (2010). Independent susceptibility markers for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. Circulation, 122(10), 976–984.PubMedCrossRef Lubitz, S. A., Sinner, M. F., Lunetta, K. L., et al. (2010). Independent susceptibility markers for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. Circulation, 122(10), 976–984.PubMedCrossRef
189.
Zurück zum Zitat Milan, D. J., Lubitz, S. A., Kaab, S., & Ellinor, P. T. (2010). Genome-wide association studies in cardiac electrophysiology: Recent discoveries and implications for clinical practice. Heart Rhythm, 7(8), 1141–1148.PubMedCrossRef Milan, D. J., Lubitz, S. A., Kaab, S., & Ellinor, P. T. (2010). Genome-wide association studies in cardiac electrophysiology: Recent discoveries and implications for clinical practice. Heart Rhythm, 7(8), 1141–1148.PubMedCrossRef
190.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfeufer, A., van Noord, C., Marciante, K. D., et al. (2010). Genome-wide association study of PR interval. Nature Genetics, 42(2), 153–159.PubMedCrossRef Pfeufer, A., van Noord, C., Marciante, K. D., et al. (2010). Genome-wide association study of PR interval. Nature Genetics, 42(2), 153–159.PubMedCrossRef
191.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, J., Klysik, E., Sood, S., Johnson, R. L., Wehrens, X. H., & Martin, J. F. (2010). Pitx2 prevents susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias by inhibiting left-sided pacemaker specification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(21), 9753–9758.PubMedCrossRef Wang, J., Klysik, E., Sood, S., Johnson, R. L., Wehrens, X. H., & Martin, J. F. (2010). Pitx2 prevents susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias by inhibiting left-sided pacemaker specification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(21), 9753–9758.PubMedCrossRef
192.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussein, A. A., Saliba, W. I., Martin, D. O., et al. (2011). Natural history and long-term outcomes of ablated atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(3), 271–278.PubMedCrossRef Hussein, A. A., Saliba, W. I., Martin, D. O., et al. (2011). Natural history and long-term outcomes of ablated atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(3), 271–278.PubMedCrossRef
193.
Zurück zum Zitat Gage, B. F., Waterman, A. D., Shannon, W., Boechler, M., Rich, M. W., & Radford, M. J. (2001). Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(22), 2864–2870.PubMedCrossRef Gage, B. F., Waterman, A. D., Shannon, W., Boechler, M., Rich, M. W., & Radford, M. J. (2001). Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(22), 2864–2870.PubMedCrossRef
194.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundt, T. M., 3rd, Camillo, C. J., & Cox, J. L. (1997). The maze procedure for cure of atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Clinics, 15(4), 739–748.PubMed Sundt, T. M., 3rd, Camillo, C. J., & Cox, J. L. (1997). The maze procedure for cure of atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Clinics, 15(4), 739–748.PubMed
195.
Zurück zum Zitat Melo, J., Adragao, P., Neves, J., et al. (1999). Surgery for atrial fibrillation using radiofrequency catheter ablation: Assessment of results at one year. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 15(6), 851–854. discussion 855.PubMedCrossRef Melo, J., Adragao, P., Neves, J., et al. (1999). Surgery for atrial fibrillation using radiofrequency catheter ablation: Assessment of results at one year. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 15(6), 851–854. discussion 855.PubMedCrossRef
196.
Zurück zum Zitat Sueda, T., Imai, K., Ishii, O., Orihashi, K., Watari, M., & Okada, K. (2001). Efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation for the elimination of chronic atrial fibrillation in cardiac valvular surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 71(4), 1189–1193.PubMedCrossRef Sueda, T., Imai, K., Ishii, O., Orihashi, K., Watari, M., & Okada, K. (2001). Efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation for the elimination of chronic atrial fibrillation in cardiac valvular surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 71(4), 1189–1193.PubMedCrossRef
197.
Zurück zum Zitat Swartz, J., Pellerseis, G., Silvers, J., Patten, L., & Cervantez, D. (1994). A catheter based curative approach to atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 90(Supp), 1–335. Swartz, J., Pellerseis, G., Silvers, J., Patten, L., & Cervantez, D. (1994). A catheter based curative approach to atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 90(Supp), 1–335.
198.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins, H., Hall, J., Ellenbogen, K., et al. (1999). A new system for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 83(5B), 227D–236D.PubMedCrossRef Calkins, H., Hall, J., Ellenbogen, K., et al. (1999). A new system for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 83(5B), 227D–236D.PubMedCrossRef
199.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaita, F., Riccardi, R., Calo, L., et al. (1998). Atrial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Electrophysiological findings and ablation results. Circulation, 97(21), 2136–2145.PubMed Gaita, F., Riccardi, R., Calo, L., et al. (1998). Atrial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Electrophysiological findings and ablation results. Circulation, 97(21), 2136–2145.PubMed
200.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Shah, D. C., Takahashi, A., Hocini, M., Haissaguerre, M., & Clementy, J. (1998). Long-term follow-up after right atrial radiofrequency catheter treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(11 Pt 2), 2533–2538.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Shah, D. C., Takahashi, A., Hocini, M., Haissaguerre, M., & Clementy, J. (1998). Long-term follow-up after right atrial radiofrequency catheter treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(11 Pt 2), 2533–2538.PubMedCrossRef
201.
Zurück zum Zitat Kocheril, A. G., Calkins, H., Sharma, A. D., Cher, D., Stubbs, H. A., & Block, J. E. (2005). Hybrid therapy with right atrial catheter ablation and previously ineffective antiarrhythmic drugs for the management of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 12(3), 189–197.PubMedCrossRef Kocheril, A. G., Calkins, H., Sharma, A. D., Cher, D., Stubbs, H. A., & Block, J. E. (2005). Hybrid therapy with right atrial catheter ablation and previously ineffective antiarrhythmic drugs for the management of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 12(3), 189–197.PubMedCrossRef
202.
Zurück zum Zitat Natale, A., Leonelli, F., Beheiry, S., et al. (2000). Catheter ablation approach on the right side only for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation therapy: Long-term results. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 23(2), 224–233.PubMedCrossRef Natale, A., Leonelli, F., Beheiry, S., et al. (2000). Catheter ablation approach on the right side only for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation therapy: Long-term results. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 23(2), 224–233.PubMedCrossRef
203.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Lamberti, F., et al. (1999). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system. Circulation, 100(11), 1203–1208.PubMed Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Lamberti, F., et al. (1999). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system. Circulation, 100(11), 1203–1208.PubMed
204.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (2000). Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci. Circulation, 101(12), 1409–1417.PubMed Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, D. C., et al. (2000). Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci. Circulation, 101(12), 1409–1417.PubMed
205.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Oreto, G., et al. (2000). Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: A new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(21), 2619–2628.PubMed Pappone, C., Rosanio, S., Oreto, G., et al. (2000). Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: A new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(21), 2619–2628.PubMed
206.
Zurück zum Zitat Robbins, I. M., Colvin, E. V., Doyle, T. P., et al. (1998). Pulmonary vein stenosis after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 98(17), 1769–1775.PubMed Robbins, I. M., Colvin, E. V., Doyle, T. P., et al. (1998). Pulmonary vein stenosis after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 98(17), 1769–1775.PubMed
207.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Knight, B. P., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2002). Segmental ostial ablation to isolate the pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation: Feasibility and mechanistic insights. Circulation, 106(10), 1256–1262.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Knight, B. P., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2002). Segmental ostial ablation to isolate the pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation: Feasibility and mechanistic insights. Circulation, 106(10), 1256–1262.PubMedCrossRef
208.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaud, G. F., & John, R. (2011). Percutaneous pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation. Circulation, 123(20), e596–e601.PubMedCrossRef Michaud, G. F., & John, R. (2011). Percutaneous pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation. Circulation, 123(20), e596–e601.PubMedCrossRef
209.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Rosanio, S., et al. (2001). Atrial electroanatomic remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation: Efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 104(21), 2539–2544.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Oreto, G., Rosanio, S., et al. (2001). Atrial electroanatomic remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation: Efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 104(21), 2539–2544.PubMedCrossRef
210.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi, A., Iesaka, Y., Takahashi, Y., et al. (2002). Electrical connections between pulmonary veins: Implication for ostial ablation of pulmonary veins in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 105(25), 2998–3003.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi, A., Iesaka, Y., Takahashi, Y., et al. (2002). Electrical connections between pulmonary veins: Implication for ostial ablation of pulmonary veins in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 105(25), 2998–3003.PubMedCrossRef
211.
Zurück zum Zitat Callans, D. J., Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., et al. (2004). Efficacy of repeat pulmonary vein isolation procedures in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(9), 1050–1055.PubMedCrossRef Callans, D. J., Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., et al. (2004). Efficacy of repeat pulmonary vein isolation procedures in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(9), 1050–1055.PubMedCrossRef
212.
Zurück zum Zitat Karch, M. R., Zrenner, B., Deisenhofer, I., et al. (2005). Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A randomized comparison between 2 current ablation strategies. Circulation, 111(22), 2875–2880.PubMedCrossRef Karch, M. R., Zrenner, B., Deisenhofer, I., et al. (2005). Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A randomized comparison between 2 current ablation strategies. Circulation, 111(22), 2875–2880.PubMedCrossRef
213.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Scharf, C., Chugh, A., et al. (2003). Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Segmental pulmonary vein ostial ablation versus left atrial ablation. Circulation, 108(19), 2355–2360.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Scharf, C., Chugh, A., et al. (2003). Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Segmental pulmonary vein ostial ablation versus left atrial ablation. Circulation, 108(19), 2355–2360.PubMedCrossRef
214.
Zurück zum Zitat Arentz, T., Weber, R., Burkle, G., et al. (2007). Small or large isolation areas around the pulmonary veins for the treatment of atrial fibrillation? Results from a prospective randomized study. Circulation, 115(24), 3057–3063.PubMedCrossRef Arentz, T., Weber, R., Burkle, G., et al. (2007). Small or large isolation areas around the pulmonary veins for the treatment of atrial fibrillation? Results from a prospective randomized study. Circulation, 115(24), 3057–3063.PubMedCrossRef
215.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada, T., Murakami, Y., Okada, T., et al. (2006). Electrophysiological pulmonary vein antrum isolation with a multielectrode basket catheter is feasible and effective for curing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Efficacy of minimally extensive pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 3(4), 377–384.PubMedCrossRef Yamada, T., Murakami, Y., Okada, T., et al. (2006). Electrophysiological pulmonary vein antrum isolation with a multielectrode basket catheter is feasible and effective for curing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Efficacy of minimally extensive pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 3(4), 377–384.PubMedCrossRef
216.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., Callans, D., et al. (2002). Utility of exit block for identifying electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(10), 971–979.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., Callans, D., et al. (2002). Utility of exit block for identifying electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(10), 971–979.PubMedCrossRef
217.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamborero, D., Mont, L., Berruezo, A., et al. (2010). Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Does use of a circular mapping catheter improve results? A prospective randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 7(5), 612–618.PubMedCrossRef Tamborero, D., Mont, L., Berruezo, A., et al. (2010). Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Does use of a circular mapping catheter improve results? A prospective randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 7(5), 612–618.PubMedCrossRef
218.
Zurück zum Zitat Hachiya, H., Hirao, K., Takahashi, A., et al. (2007). Clinical implications of reconnection between the left atrium and isolated pulmonary veins provoked by adenosine triphosphate after extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 392–398.PubMedCrossRef Hachiya, H., Hirao, K., Takahashi, A., et al. (2007). Clinical implications of reconnection between the left atrium and isolated pulmonary veins provoked by adenosine triphosphate after extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 392–398.PubMedCrossRef
219.
Zurück zum Zitat Macle, L., Erma, A., & Ovak, P. (2008). Increased efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation by using adenosine to reveal dormant pulmonary vein conduction. Circulation, 118(S), 772. Macle, L., Erma, A., & Ovak, P. (2008). Increased efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation by using adenosine to reveal dormant pulmonary vein conduction. Circulation, 118(S), 772.
220.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamane, T., Date, T., Kanzaki, Y., et al. (2007). Segmental pulmonary vein antrum isolation using the "large-size" lasso catheter in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation Journal, 71(5), 753–760.PubMedCrossRef Yamane, T., Date, T., Kanzaki, Y., et al. (2007). Segmental pulmonary vein antrum isolation using the "large-size" lasso catheter in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation Journal, 71(5), 753–760.PubMedCrossRef
221.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst, S., Ouyang, F., Lober, F., Antz, M., & Kuck, K. H. (2003). Catheter-induced linear lesions in the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation: An electroanatomic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(7), 1271–1282.PubMedCrossRef Ernst, S., Ouyang, F., Lober, F., Antz, M., & Kuck, K. H. (2003). Catheter-induced linear lesions in the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation: An electroanatomic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(7), 1271–1282.PubMedCrossRef
222.
Zurück zum Zitat Hocini, M., Jais, P., Sanders, P., et al. (2005). Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation, 112(24), 3688–3696.PubMedCrossRef Hocini, M., Jais, P., Sanders, P., et al. (2005). Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation, 112(24), 3688–3696.PubMedCrossRef
223.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Hocini, M., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2004). Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation, 110(19), 2996–3002.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Hocini, M., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2004). Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation, 110(19), 2996–3002.PubMedCrossRef
224.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Manguso, F., Vicedomini, G., et al. (2004). Prevention of iatrogenic atrial tachycardia after ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study comparing circumferential pulmonary vein ablation with a modified approach. Circulation, 110(19), 3036–3042.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Manguso, F., Vicedomini, G., et al. (2004). Prevention of iatrogenic atrial tachycardia after ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study comparing circumferential pulmonary vein ablation with a modified approach. Circulation, 110(19), 3036–3042.PubMedCrossRef
225.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawhney, N., Anousheh, R., Chen, W., & Feld, G. K. (2010). Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation with additional linear ablation results in an increased incidence of left atrial flutter compared with segmental pulmonary vein isolation as an initial approach to ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 243–248.PubMedCrossRef Sawhney, N., Anousheh, R., Chen, W., & Feld, G. K. (2010). Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation with additional linear ablation results in an increased incidence of left atrial flutter compared with segmental pulmonary vein isolation as an initial approach to ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 243–248.PubMedCrossRef
226.
Zurück zum Zitat Chae, S., Oral, H., Good, E., et al. (2007). Atrial tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mechanistic insights, results of catheter ablation, and risk factors for recurrence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(18), 1781–1787.PubMedCrossRef Chae, S., Oral, H., Good, E., et al. (2007). Atrial tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mechanistic insights, results of catheter ablation, and risk factors for recurrence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(18), 1781–1787.PubMedCrossRef
227.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamborero, D., Mont, L., Berruezo, A., et al. (2009). Left atrial posterior wall isolation does not improve the outcome of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(1), 35–40.PubMedCrossRef Tamborero, D., Mont, L., Berruezo, A., et al. (2009). Left atrial posterior wall isolation does not improve the outcome of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(1), 35–40.PubMedCrossRef
228.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsuo, S., Wright, M., Knecht, S., et al. (2010). Peri-mitral atrial flutter in patients with atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 7(1), 2–8.PubMedCrossRef Matsuo, S., Wright, M., Knecht, S., et al. (2010). Peri-mitral atrial flutter in patients with atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 7(1), 2–8.PubMedCrossRef
229.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang, F., Ernst, S., Vogtmann, T., et al. (2002). Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: Critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. Circulation, 105(16), 1934–1942.PubMedCrossRef Ouyang, F., Ernst, S., Vogtmann, T., et al. (2002). Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: Critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. Circulation, 105(16), 1934–1942.PubMedCrossRef
230.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzeis, S., Luik, A., Jilek, C., et al. (2010). The modified anterior line: An alternative linear lesion in perimitral flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 665–670.PubMedCrossRef Tzeis, S., Luik, A., Jilek, C., et al. (2010). The modified anterior line: An alternative linear lesion in perimitral flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 665–670.PubMedCrossRef
231.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Hocini, M., Sanders, P., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: Clinical outcome and mechanisms of subsequent arrhythmias. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1138–1147.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Hocini, M., Sanders, P., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: Clinical outcome and mechanisms of subsequent arrhythmias. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1138–1147.PubMedCrossRef
232.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill, M. D., Wright, M., Knecht, S., et al. (2009). Long-term follow-up of persistent atrial fibrillation ablation using termination as a procedural endpoint. European Heart Journal, 30(9), 1105–1112.PubMedCrossRef O’Neill, M. D., Wright, M., Knecht, S., et al. (2009). Long-term follow-up of persistent atrial fibrillation ablation using termination as a procedural endpoint. European Heart Journal, 30(9), 1105–1112.PubMedCrossRef
233.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo, L. W., Tai, C. T., Lin, Y. J., et al. (2009). Predicting factors for atrial fibrillation acute termination during catheter ablation procedures: Implications for catheter ablation strategy and long-term outcome. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 311–318.PubMedCrossRef Lo, L. W., Tai, C. T., Lin, Y. J., et al. (2009). Predicting factors for atrial fibrillation acute termination during catheter ablation procedures: Implications for catheter ablation strategy and long-term outcome. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 311–318.PubMedCrossRef
234.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni, O., Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., et al. (2003). Randomized study comparing combined pulmonary vein-left atrial junction disconnection and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation versus pulmonary vein-left atrial junction disconnection alone in patients presenting with typical atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(20), 2479–2483.PubMedCrossRef Wazni, O., Marrouche, N. F., Martin, D. O., et al. (2003). Randomized study comparing combined pulmonary vein-left atrial junction disconnection and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation versus pulmonary vein-left atrial junction disconnection alone in patients presenting with typical atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 108(20), 2479–2483.PubMedCrossRef
235.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, S. A., Hsieh, M. H., Tai, C. T., et al. (1999). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 100(18), 1879–1886.PubMed Chen, S. A., Hsieh, M. H., Tai, C. T., et al. (1999). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 100(18), 1879–1886.PubMed
236.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, S. H., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2005). Predictors of non-pulmonary vein ectopic beats initiating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Implication for catheter ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(6), 1054–1059.PubMedCrossRef Lee, S. H., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2005). Predictors of non-pulmonary vein ectopic beats initiating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Implication for catheter ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(6), 1054–1059.PubMedCrossRef
237.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, D., Beldner, S., Vanderhoff, M., Pulliam, R., & Siddique, S. (2004). Provocability of atrial fibrillation triggers during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with infrequent AF. Heart Rhythm, 2004(1(Suppl)), S231. Lin, D., Beldner, S., Vanderhoff, M., Pulliam, R., & Siddique, S. (2004). Provocability of atrial fibrillation triggers during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with infrequent AF. Heart Rhythm, 2004(1(Suppl)), S231.
238.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, D., Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., & Hocini, M. (2003). Nonpulmonary vein foci: Do they exist? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(7 Pt 2), 1631–1635.PubMedCrossRef Shah, D., Haissaguerre, M., Jais, P., & Hocini, M. (2003). Nonpulmonary vein foci: Do they exist? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(7 Pt 2), 1631–1635.PubMedCrossRef
239.
Zurück zum Zitat Sauer, W. H., Alonso, C., Zado, E., et al. (2006). Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation: Response to ablation that incorporates slow-pathway modification. Circulation, 114(3), 191–195.PubMedCrossRef Sauer, W. H., Alonso, C., Zado, E., et al. (2006). Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation: Response to ablation that incorporates slow-pathway modification. Circulation, 114(3), 191–195.PubMedCrossRef
240.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, W. S., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2003). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy. Circulation, 107(25), 3176–3183.PubMedCrossRef Lin, W. S., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2003). Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy. Circulation, 107(25), 3176–3183.PubMedCrossRef
241.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansour, M., Ruskin, J., & Keane, D. (2002). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the ostium of the inferior vena cava. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(12), 1292–1295.PubMedCrossRef Mansour, M., Ruskin, J., & Keane, D. (2002). Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the ostium of the inferior vena cava. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(12), 1292–1295.PubMedCrossRef
242.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Hocini, M., Sanders, P., et al. (2006). Localized sources maintaining atrial fibrillation organized by prior ablation. Circulation, 113(5), 616–625.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Hocini, M., Sanders, P., et al. (2006). Localized sources maintaining atrial fibrillation organized by prior ablation. Circulation, 113(5), 616–625.PubMedCrossRef
243.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., Chouairi, S., & Clementy, J. (1996). Regional disparities of endocardial atrial activation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 19(11 Pt 2), 1998–2003.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., Chouairi, S., & Clementy, J. (1996). Regional disparities of endocardial atrial activation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 19(11 Pt 2), 1998–2003.PubMedCrossRef
244.
Zurück zum Zitat Konings, K. T., Smeets, J. L., Penn, O. C., Wellens, H. J., & Allessie, M. A. (1997). Configuration of unipolar atrial electrograms during electrically induced atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 95(5), 1231–1241.PubMed Konings, K. T., Smeets, J. L., Penn, O. C., Wellens, H. J., & Allessie, M. A. (1997). Configuration of unipolar atrial electrograms during electrically induced atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation, 95(5), 1231–1241.PubMed
245.
Zurück zum Zitat Haissaguerre, M., Sanders, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: Critical structures for termination. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1125–1137.PubMedCrossRef Haissaguerre, M., Sanders, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: Critical structures for termination. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1125–1137.PubMedCrossRef
246.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Pappone, C., Chugh, A., et al. (2006). Circumferential pulmonary-vein ablation for chronic atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 354(9), 934–941.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Pappone, C., Chugh, A., et al. (2006). Circumferential pulmonary-vein ablation for chronic atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 354(9), 934–941.PubMedCrossRef
247.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayan, S. M., Wright, M., Derval, N., et al. (2011). Classifying fractionated electrograms in human atrial fibrillation using monophasic action potentials and activation mapping: Evidence for localized drivers, rate acceleration, and nonlocal signal etiologies. Heart Rhythm, 8(2), 244–253.PubMedCrossRef Narayan, S. M., Wright, M., Derval, N., et al. (2011). Classifying fractionated electrograms in human atrial fibrillation using monophasic action potentials and activation mapping: Evidence for localized drivers, rate acceleration, and nonlocal signal etiologies. Heart Rhythm, 8(2), 244–253.PubMedCrossRef
248.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh, S. M., D’Avila, A., Kim, S. J., Houghtaling, C., Dukkipati, S. R., & Reddy, V. Y. (2010). Intraprocedural use of ibutilide to organize and guide ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms: Preliminary assessment of a modified step-wise approach to ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 608–616.PubMedCrossRef Singh, S. M., D’Avila, A., Kim, S. J., Houghtaling, C., Dukkipati, S. R., & Reddy, V. Y. (2010). Intraprocedural use of ibutilide to organize and guide ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms: Preliminary assessment of a modified step-wise approach to ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 608–616.PubMedCrossRef
249.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma, A., Sanders, P., Macle, L., et al. (2011). Selective CFAE Targeting for Atrial Fibrillation Study (SELECT AF): Clinical Rationale, Design, and Implementation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(5), 541–547.PubMedCrossRef Verma, A., Sanders, P., Macle, L., et al. (2011). Selective CFAE Targeting for Atrial Fibrillation Study (SELECT AF): Clinical Rationale, Design, and Implementation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(5), 541–547.PubMedCrossRef
250.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi, Y., O’Neill, M. D., Hocini, M., et al. (2008). Characterization of electrograms associated with termination of chronic atrial fibrillation by catheter ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(10), 1003–1010.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi, Y., O’Neill, M. D., Hocini, M., et al. (2008). Characterization of electrograms associated with termination of chronic atrial fibrillation by catheter ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(10), 1003–1010.PubMedCrossRef
251.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobza, R., Hindricks, G., Tanner, H., et al. (2004). Late recurrent arrhythmias after ablation of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Heart Rhythm, 1(6), 676–683.PubMedCrossRef Kobza, R., Hindricks, G., Tanner, H., et al. (2004). Late recurrent arrhythmias after ablation of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Heart Rhythm, 1(6), 676–683.PubMedCrossRef
252.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang, F., Ernst, S., Chun, J., et al. (2005). Electrophysiological findings during ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation with electroanatomic mapping and double Lasso catheter technique. Circulation, 112(20), 3038–3048.PubMedCrossRef Ouyang, F., Ernst, S., Chun, J., et al. (2005). Electrophysiological findings during ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation with electroanatomic mapping and double Lasso catheter technique. Circulation, 112(20), 3038–3048.PubMedCrossRef
253.
Zurück zum Zitat Haines, D. E. (2006). The biophysics and pathophysiology of lesion formation during radiofrequency catheter ablation. In D. P. Zipes (Ed.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 1018–1027). New York: WB Saunders. Haines, D. E. (2006). The biophysics and pathophysiology of lesion formation during radiofrequency catheter ablation. In D. P. Zipes (Ed.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 1018–1027). New York: WB Saunders.
254.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., et al. (1998). Successful irrigated-tip catheter ablation of atrial flutter resistant to conventional radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 98(9), 835–838.PubMed Jais, P., Haissaguerre, M., Shah, D. C., et al. (1998). Successful irrigated-tip catheter ablation of atrial flutter resistant to conventional radiofrequency ablation. Circulation, 98(9), 835–838.PubMed
255.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai, C. F., Tai, C. T., Yu, W. C., et al. (1999). Is 8-mm more effective than 4-mm tip electrode catheter for ablation of typical atrial flutter? Circulation, 100(7), 768–771.PubMed Tsai, C. F., Tai, C. T., Yu, W. C., et al. (1999). Is 8-mm more effective than 4-mm tip electrode catheter for ablation of typical atrial flutter? Circulation, 100(7), 768–771.PubMed
256.
Zurück zum Zitat Sacher, F., Monahan, K. H., Thomas, S. P., et al. (2006). Phrenic nerve injury after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Characterization and outcome in a multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(12), 2498–2503.PubMedCrossRef Sacher, F., Monahan, K. H., Thomas, S. P., et al. (2006). Phrenic nerve injury after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Characterization and outcome in a multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(12), 2498–2503.PubMedCrossRef
257.
Zurück zum Zitat Dong, J., Vasamreddy, C. R., Jayam, V., et al. (2005). Incidence and predictors of pulmonary vein stenosis following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using the anatomic pulmonary vein ablation approach: Results from paired magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(8), 845–852.PubMedCrossRef Dong, J., Vasamreddy, C. R., Jayam, V., et al. (2005). Incidence and predictors of pulmonary vein stenosis following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using the anatomic pulmonary vein ablation approach: Results from paired magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(8), 845–852.PubMedCrossRef
258.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., Climent, V., Farre, J., Mendonca, M. C., & Ho, S. Y. (2005). Anatomic relations between the esophagus and left atrium and relevance for ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 112(10), 1400–1405.PubMedCrossRef Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., Climent, V., Farre, J., Mendonca, M. C., & Ho, S. Y. (2005). Anatomic relations between the esophagus and left atrium and relevance for ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 112(10), 1400–1405.PubMedCrossRef
259.
Zurück zum Zitat Finta, B., & Haines, D. E. (2004). Catheter ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Clinics, 22(1), 127–145. ix.PubMedCrossRef Finta, B., & Haines, D. E. (2004). Catheter ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Clinics, 22(1), 127–145. ix.PubMedCrossRef
260.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce, G. K., Bunch, T. J., Milton, M. A., Sarabanda, A., Johnson, S. B., & Packer, D. L. (2005). Discrepancies between catheter tip and tissue temperature in cooled-tip ablation: Relevance to guiding left atrial ablation. Circulation, 112(7), 954–960.PubMedCrossRef Bruce, G. K., Bunch, T. J., Milton, M. A., Sarabanda, A., Johnson, S. B., & Packer, D. L. (2005). Discrepancies between catheter tip and tissue temperature in cooled-tip ablation: Relevance to guiding left atrial ablation. Circulation, 112(7), 954–960.PubMedCrossRef
261.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Bruce, G. K., Johnson, S. B., Sarabanda, A., Milton, M. A., & Packer, D. L. (2004). Analysis of catheter-tip (8-mm) and actual tissue temperatures achieved during radiofrequency ablation at the orifice of the pulmonary vein. Circulation, 110(19), 2988–2995.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Bruce, G. K., Johnson, S. B., Sarabanda, A., Milton, M. A., & Packer, D. L. (2004). Analysis of catheter-tip (8-mm) and actual tissue temperatures achieved during radiofrequency ablation at the orifice of the pulmonary vein. Circulation, 110(19), 2988–2995.PubMedCrossRef
262.
Zurück zum Zitat Saad, E. B., Rossillo, A., Saad, C. P., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: Functional characterization, evolution, and influence of the ablation strategy. Circulation, 108(25), 3102–3107.PubMedCrossRef Saad, E. B., Rossillo, A., Saad, C. P., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: Functional characterization, evolution, and influence of the ablation strategy. Circulation, 108(25), 3102–3107.PubMedCrossRef
263.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Wittkampf, F. H., Pitha, J. V., Lazzara, R., & Jackman, W. M. (2006). Comparison of electrode cooling between internal and open irrigation in radiofrequency ablation lesion depth and incidence of thrombus and steam pop. Circulation, 113(1), 11–19.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Wittkampf, F. H., Pitha, J. V., Lazzara, R., & Jackman, W. M. (2006). Comparison of electrode cooling between internal and open irrigation in radiofrequency ablation lesion depth and incidence of thrombus and steam pop. Circulation, 113(1), 11–19.PubMedCrossRef
264.
Zurück zum Zitat Kasai, A., Anselme, F., Teo, W. S., Cribier, A., & Saoudi, N. (2000). Comparison of effectiveness of an 8-mm versus a 4-mm tip electrode catheter for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. The American Journal of Cardiology, 86(9), 1029–1032. A1010.PubMedCrossRef Kasai, A., Anselme, F., Teo, W. S., Cribier, A., & Saoudi, N. (2000). Comparison of effectiveness of an 8-mm versus a 4-mm tip electrode catheter for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. The American Journal of Cardiology, 86(9), 1029–1032. A1010.PubMedCrossRef
265.
Zurück zum Zitat Schreieck, J., Zrenner, B., Kumpmann, J., et al. (2002). Prospective randomized comparison of closed cooled-tip versus 8-mm-tip catheters for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(10), 980–985.PubMedCrossRef Schreieck, J., Zrenner, B., Kumpmann, J., et al. (2002). Prospective randomized comparison of closed cooled-tip versus 8-mm-tip catheters for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(10), 980–985.PubMedCrossRef
266.
Zurück zum Zitat Soejima, K., Delacretaz, E., Suzuki, M., et al. (2001). Saline-cooled versus standard radiofrequency catheter ablation for infarct-related ventricular tachycardias. Circulation, 103(14), 1858–1862.PubMed Soejima, K., Delacretaz, E., Suzuki, M., et al. (2001). Saline-cooled versus standard radiofrequency catheter ablation for infarct-related ventricular tachycardias. Circulation, 103(14), 1858–1862.PubMed
267.
Zurück zum Zitat Matiello, M., Mont, L., Tamborero, D., et al. (2008). Cooled-tip vs. 8 mm-tip catheter for circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Comparison of efficacy, safety, and lesion extension. Europace, 10(8), 955–960.PubMedCrossRef Matiello, M., Mont, L., Tamborero, D., et al. (2008). Cooled-tip vs. 8 mm-tip catheter for circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Comparison of efficacy, safety, and lesion extension. Europace, 10(8), 955–960.PubMedCrossRef
268.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes, D., Fish, J. M., Byrd, I. A., et al. (2011). Contact sensing provides a highly accurate means to titrate radiofrequency ablation lesion depth. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(6), 684–690.PubMedCrossRef Holmes, D., Fish, J. M., Byrd, I. A., et al. (2011). Contact sensing provides a highly accurate means to titrate radiofrequency ablation lesion depth. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(6), 684–690.PubMedCrossRef
269.
Zurück zum Zitat Perna, F., Heist, E. K., Danik, S. B., Barrett, C. D., Ruskin, J. N., & Mansour, M. (2011). Assessment of catheter tip contact force resulting in cardiac perforation in swine atria using force sensing technology. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 218–224.PubMedCrossRef Perna, F., Heist, E. K., Danik, S. B., Barrett, C. D., Ruskin, J. N., & Mansour, M. (2011). Assessment of catheter tip contact force resulting in cardiac perforation in swine atria using force sensing technology. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 218–224.PubMedCrossRef
270.
Zurück zum Zitat Piorkowski, C., Sih, H., Sommer, P., et al. (2009). First in human validation of impedance-based catheter tip-to-tissue contact assessment in the left atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1366–1373.PubMedCrossRef Piorkowski, C., Sih, H., Sommer, P., et al. (2009). First in human validation of impedance-based catheter tip-to-tissue contact assessment in the left atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1366–1373.PubMedCrossRef
271.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, B., Reddy, V. Y., Natale, A., Shah D., Saoudi N., Herrera C., et al. (2010). Toccata multi-center clinical study: Long-term results. Heart Rhythm, 7(S152). Schmidt, B., Reddy, V. Y., Natale, A., Shah D., Saoudi N., Herrera C., et al. (2010). Toccata multi-center clinical study: Long-term results. Heart Rhythm, 7(S152).
272.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Shah, D. C., et al. (2008). Novel contact force sensor incorporated in irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter predicts lesion size and incidence of steam pop and thrombus. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(5), 354–362.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Shah, D. C., et al. (2008). Novel contact force sensor incorporated in irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter predicts lesion size and incidence of steam pop and thrombus. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(5), 354–362.PubMedCrossRef
273.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman, P. L., Dubuc, M., Green, M. S., et al. (2004). Catheter cryoablation of supraventricular tachycardia: Results of the multicenter prospective "frosty" trial. Heart Rhythm, 1(2), 129–138.PubMedCrossRef Friedman, P. L., Dubuc, M., Green, M. S., et al. (2004). Catheter cryoablation of supraventricular tachycardia: Results of the multicenter prospective "frosty" trial. Heart Rhythm, 1(2), 129–138.PubMedCrossRef
274.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt, R. H., Wood, M., Daoud, E., et al. (2005). Transvenous catheter cryoablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Results of a feasibility study. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S78–S82.PubMedCrossRef Hoyt, R. H., Wood, M., Daoud, E., et al. (2005). Transvenous catheter cryoablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Results of a feasibility study. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S78–S82.PubMedCrossRef
275.
Zurück zum Zitat Khairy, P., Chauvet, P., Lehmann, J., et al. (2003). Lower incidence of thrombus formation with cryoenergy versus radiofrequency catheter ablation. Circulation, 107(15), 2045–2050.PubMedCrossRef Khairy, P., Chauvet, P., Lehmann, J., et al. (2003). Lower incidence of thrombus formation with cryoenergy versus radiofrequency catheter ablation. Circulation, 107(15), 2045–2050.PubMedCrossRef
276.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarabanda, A. V., Bunch, T. J., Johnson, S. B., et al. (2005). Efficacy and safety of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using a novel cryothermal balloon ablation system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(10), 1902–1912.PubMedCrossRef Sarabanda, A. V., Bunch, T. J., Johnson, S. B., et al. (2005). Efficacy and safety of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using a novel cryothermal balloon ablation system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(10), 1902–1912.PubMedCrossRef
277.
Zurück zum Zitat Tse, H. F., Reek, S., Timmermans, C., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein isolation using transvenous catheter cryoablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation without risk of pulmonary vein stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(4), 752–758.PubMedCrossRef Tse, H. F., Reek, S., Timmermans, C., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein isolation using transvenous catheter cryoablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation without risk of pulmonary vein stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(4), 752–758.PubMedCrossRef
278.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade, J. G., Khairy, P., Guerra, P. G., Deyell, M. W., Rivard, L., Macle, L., et al. (2011). Efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of published studies. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1444–1451. Andrade, J. G., Khairy, P., Guerra, P. G., Deyell, M. W., Rivard, L., Macle, L., et al. (2011). Efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of published studies. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1444–1451.
279.
Zurück zum Zitat Packer, D., Irwin, J., & Champagne, J. (2010). Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: First results of the North American Arctic Front STOP-AF pivotal trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55, E3015–E3016. Packer, D., Irwin, J., & Champagne, J. (2010). Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: First results of the North American Arctic Front STOP-AF pivotal trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55, E3015–E3016.
280.
Zurück zum Zitat Meininger, G. R., Calkins, H., Lickfett, L., et al. (2003). Initial experience with a novel focused ultrasound ablation system for ring ablation outside the pulmonary vein. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 8(2), 141–148.PubMedCrossRef Meininger, G. R., Calkins, H., Lickfett, L., et al. (2003). Initial experience with a novel focused ultrasound ablation system for ring ablation outside the pulmonary vein. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 8(2), 141–148.PubMedCrossRef
281.
Zurück zum Zitat Metzner, A., Chun, K. R., Neven, K., et al. (2010). Long-term clinical outcome following pulmonary vein isolation with high-intensity focused ultrasound balloon catheters in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(2), 188–193.PubMedCrossRef Metzner, A., Chun, K. R., Neven, K., et al. (2010). Long-term clinical outcome following pulmonary vein isolation with high-intensity focused ultrasound balloon catheters in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(2), 188–193.PubMedCrossRef
282.
Zurück zum Zitat Neven, K., Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., et al. (2010). Fatal end of a safety algorithm for pulmonary vein isolation with use of high-intensity focused ultrasound. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 260–265.PubMedCrossRef Neven, K., Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., et al. (2010). Fatal end of a safety algorithm for pulmonary vein isolation with use of high-intensity focused ultrasound. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 260–265.PubMedCrossRef
283.
Zurück zum Zitat Sohara, H., Takeda, H., Ueno, H., Oda, T., & Satake, S. (2009). Feasibility of the radiofrequency hot balloon catheter for isolation of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(3), 225–232.PubMedCrossRef Sohara, H., Takeda, H., Ueno, H., Oda, T., & Satake, S. (2009). Feasibility of the radiofrequency hot balloon catheter for isolation of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(3), 225–232.PubMedCrossRef
284.
Zurück zum Zitat Dukkipati, S. R., Neuzil, P., Skoda, J., et al. (2010). Visual balloon-guided point-by-point ablation: Reliable, reproducible, and persistent pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 266–273.PubMedCrossRef Dukkipati, S. R., Neuzil, P., Skoda, J., et al. (2010). Visual balloon-guided point-by-point ablation: Reliable, reproducible, and persistent pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 266–273.PubMedCrossRef
285.
Zurück zum Zitat Metzner, A., Schmidt, B., Fuernkranz, A., et al. (2011). One-year clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation using the novel endoscopic ablation system in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 988–993.PubMedCrossRef Metzner, A., Schmidt, B., Fuernkranz, A., et al. (2011). One-year clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation using the novel endoscopic ablation system in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 988–993.PubMedCrossRef
286.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed, H., Neuzil, P., Skoda, J., et al. (2011). Initial clinical experience with a novel visualization and virtual electrode radiofrequency ablation catheter to treat atrial flutter. Heart Rhythm, 8(3), 361–367.PubMedCrossRef Ahmed, H., Neuzil, P., Skoda, J., et al. (2011). Initial clinical experience with a novel visualization and virtual electrode radiofrequency ablation catheter to treat atrial flutter. Heart Rhythm, 8(3), 361–367.PubMedCrossRef
287.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulava, A., Hanis, J., Sitek, D., et al. (2010). Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized comparison between multielectrode catheter and point-by-point ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(9), 1039–1046.PubMedCrossRef Bulava, A., Hanis, J., Sitek, D., et al. (2010). Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized comparison between multielectrode catheter and point-by-point ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(9), 1039–1046.PubMedCrossRef
288.
Zurück zum Zitat De Filippo, P., He, D. S., Brambilla, R., Gavazzi, A., & Cantu, F. (2009). Clinical experience with a single catheter for mapping and ablation of pulmonary vein ostium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(4), 367–373.PubMedCrossRef De Filippo, P., He, D. S., Brambilla, R., Gavazzi, A., & Cantu, F. (2009). Clinical experience with a single catheter for mapping and ablation of pulmonary vein ostium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(4), 367–373.PubMedCrossRef
289.
Zurück zum Zitat De Greef, Y., Schwagten, B., De Keulenaer, G., & Stockman, D. (2010). Pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein ablation catheter-guided pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1306–1308.PubMedCrossRef De Greef, Y., Schwagten, B., De Keulenaer, G., & Stockman, D. (2010). Pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein ablation catheter-guided pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1306–1308.PubMedCrossRef
290.
Zurück zum Zitat Duytschaever, M., Anne, W., Papiashvili, G., Vandekerckhove, Y., & Tavernier, R. (2010). Mapping and isolation of the pulmonary veins using the PVAC catheter. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(2), 168–178.PubMedCrossRef Duytschaever, M., Anne, W., Papiashvili, G., Vandekerckhove, Y., & Tavernier, R. (2010). Mapping and isolation of the pulmonary veins using the PVAC catheter. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(2), 168–178.PubMedCrossRef
291.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulder, A. A., Wijffels, M. C., Wever, E. F., & Boersma, L. V. (2011). Pulmonary vein anatomy and long-term outcome after multi-electrode pulmonary vein isolation with phased radiofrequency energy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace, 13(11), 1557–1561. Mulder, A. A., Wijffels, M. C., Wever, E. F., & Boersma, L. V. (2011). Pulmonary vein anatomy and long-term outcome after multi-electrode pulmonary vein isolation with phased radiofrequency energy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace, 13(11), 1557–1561.
292.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulder, A. A., Wijffels, M. C., Wever, E. F., & Boersma, L. V. (2011). Pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial complex-fractionated atrial electrograms ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation with phased radio frequency energy and multi-electrode catheters: Efficacy and safety during 12 months follow-up. Europace, 13(12), 1695–1702. Mulder, A. A., Wijffels, M. C., Wever, E. F., & Boersma, L. V. (2011). Pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial complex-fractionated atrial electrograms ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation with phased radio frequency energy and multi-electrode catheters: Efficacy and safety during 12 months follow-up. Europace, 13(12), 1695–1702.
293.
Zurück zum Zitat Scharf, C., Boersma, L., Davies, W., et al. (2009). Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation using multielectrode catheters and duty-cycled radiofrequency energy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 54(15), 1450–1456.PubMedCrossRef Scharf, C., Boersma, L., Davies, W., et al. (2009). Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation using multielectrode catheters and duty-cycled radiofrequency energy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 54(15), 1450–1456.PubMedCrossRef
294.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaita, F., Leclercq, J. F., Schumacher, B., Scaglione, M., Toso, E., Halimi, F., et al. (2011). Incidence of silent cerebral thromboembolic lesions after atrial fibrillation ablation may change according to technology used: Comparison of irrigated radiofrequency, multipolar nonirrigated catheter and cryoballoon. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(9), 961–968. Gaita, F., Leclercq, J. F., Schumacher, B., Scaglione, M., Toso, E., Halimi, F., et al. (2011). Incidence of silent cerebral thromboembolic lesions after atrial fibrillation ablation may change according to technology used: Comparison of irrigated radiofrequency, multipolar nonirrigated catheter and cryoballoon. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(9), 961–968.
295.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrera Siklody, C., Deneke, T., Hocini, M., et al. (2011). Incidence of asymptomatic intracranial embolic events after pulmonary vein isolation comparison of different atrial fibrillation ablation technologies in a multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(7), 681–688.PubMedCrossRef Herrera Siklody, C., Deneke, T., Hocini, M., et al. (2011). Incidence of asymptomatic intracranial embolic events after pulmonary vein isolation comparison of different atrial fibrillation ablation technologies in a multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(7), 681–688.PubMedCrossRef
297.
Zurück zum Zitat Scaglione, M., Biasco, L., Caponi, D., et al. (2011). Visualization of multiple catheters with electroanatomical mapping reduces X-ray exposure during atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 13(7), 955–962.PubMedCrossRef Scaglione, M., Biasco, L., Caponi, D., et al. (2011). Visualization of multiple catheters with electroanatomical mapping reduces X-ray exposure during atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 13(7), 955–962.PubMedCrossRef
298.
Zurück zum Zitat Estner, H. L., Deisenhofer, I., Luik, A., et al. (2006). Electrical isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation: Reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration by the use of a non-fluoroscopic navigation system (NavX). Europace, 8(8), 583–587.PubMedCrossRef Estner, H. L., Deisenhofer, I., Luik, A., et al. (2006). Electrical isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation: Reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration by the use of a non-fluoroscopic navigation system (NavX). Europace, 8(8), 583–587.PubMedCrossRef
299.
Zurück zum Zitat Sporton, S. C., Earley, M. J., Nathan, A. W., & Schilling, R. J. (2004). Electroanatomic versus fluoroscopic mapping for catheter ablation procedures: A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 310–315.PubMedCrossRef Sporton, S. C., Earley, M. J., Nathan, A. W., & Schilling, R. J. (2004). Electroanatomic versus fluoroscopic mapping for catheter ablation procedures: A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 310–315.PubMedCrossRef
300.
Zurück zum Zitat Dong, J., Calkins, H., Solomon, S. B., et al. (2006). Integrated electroanatomic mapping with three-dimensional computed tomographic images for real-time guided ablations. Circulation, 113(2), 186–194.PubMedCrossRef Dong, J., Calkins, H., Solomon, S. B., et al. (2006). Integrated electroanatomic mapping with three-dimensional computed tomographic images for real-time guided ablations. Circulation, 113(2), 186–194.PubMedCrossRef
301.
Zurück zum Zitat Dong, J., Dickfeld, T., Dalal, D., et al. (2006). Initial experience in the use of integrated electroanatomic mapping with three-dimensional MR/CT images to guide catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(5), 459–466.PubMedCrossRef Dong, J., Dickfeld, T., Dalal, D., et al. (2006). Initial experience in the use of integrated electroanatomic mapping with three-dimensional MR/CT images to guide catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(5), 459–466.PubMedCrossRef
302.
Zurück zum Zitat Kistler, P. M., Rajappan, K., Jahngir, M., et al. (2006). The impact of CT image integration into an electroanatomic mapping system on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(10), 1093–1101.PubMedCrossRef Kistler, P. M., Rajappan, K., Jahngir, M., et al. (2006). The impact of CT image integration into an electroanatomic mapping system on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(10), 1093–1101.PubMedCrossRef
303.
Zurück zum Zitat Ector, J., De Buck, S., Huybrechts, W., et al. (2008). Biplane three-dimensional augmented fluoroscopy as single navigation tool for ablation of atrial fibrillation: Accuracy and clinical value. Heart Rhythm, 5(7), 957–964.PubMedCrossRef Ector, J., De Buck, S., Huybrechts, W., et al. (2008). Biplane three-dimensional augmented fluoroscopy as single navigation tool for ablation of atrial fibrillation: Accuracy and clinical value. Heart Rhythm, 5(7), 957–964.PubMedCrossRef
304.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertaglia, E., Bella, P. D., Tondo, C., et al. (2009). Image integration increases efficacy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Results from the CartoMerge Italian Registry. Europace, 11(8), 1004–1010.PubMedCrossRef Bertaglia, E., Bella, P. D., Tondo, C., et al. (2009). Image integration increases efficacy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Results from the CartoMerge Italian Registry. Europace, 11(8), 1004–1010.PubMedCrossRef
305.
Zurück zum Zitat Della Bella, P., Fassini, G., Cireddu, M., et al. (2009). Image integration-guided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(3), 258–265.PubMedCrossRef Della Bella, P., Fassini, G., Cireddu, M., et al. (2009). Image integration-guided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(3), 258–265.PubMedCrossRef
306.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinek, M., Nesser, H. J., Aichinger, J., Boehm, G., & Purerfellner, H. (2007). Impact of integration of multislice computed tomography imaging into three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping on clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy using radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 30(10), 1215–1223.PubMedCrossRef Martinek, M., Nesser, H. J., Aichinger, J., Boehm, G., & Purerfellner, H. (2007). Impact of integration of multislice computed tomography imaging into three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping on clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy using radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 30(10), 1215–1223.PubMedCrossRef
307.
Zurück zum Zitat Kistler, P. M., Rajappan, K., Harris, S., et al. (2008). The impact of image integration on catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using electroanatomic mapping: A prospective randomized study. European Heart Journal, 29(24), 3029–3036.PubMedCrossRef Kistler, P. M., Rajappan, K., Harris, S., et al. (2008). The impact of image integration on catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using electroanatomic mapping: A prospective randomized study. European Heart Journal, 29(24), 3029–3036.PubMedCrossRef
308.
Zurück zum Zitat Caponi, D., Corleto, A., Scaglione, M., et al. (2010). Ablation of atrial fibrillation: Does the addition of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the left atrium to electroanatomic mapping improve the clinical outcome?: A randomized comparison of Carto-Merge vs. Carto-XP three-dimensional mapping ablation in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(8), 1098–1104.PubMedCrossRef Caponi, D., Corleto, A., Scaglione, M., et al. (2010). Ablation of atrial fibrillation: Does the addition of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the left atrium to electroanatomic mapping improve the clinical outcome?: A randomized comparison of Carto-Merge vs. Carto-XP three-dimensional mapping ablation in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(8), 1098–1104.PubMedCrossRef
309.
Zurück zum Zitat Faddis, M. N., Blume, W., Finney, J., et al. (2002). Novel, magnetically guided catheter for endocardial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Circulation, 106(23), 2980–2985.PubMedCrossRef Faddis, M. N., Blume, W., Finney, J., et al. (2002). Novel, magnetically guided catheter for endocardial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Circulation, 106(23), 2980–2985.PubMedCrossRef
310.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg, S., Blume, W., Faddis, M., et al. (2006). Remote controlled magnetically guided pulmonary vein isolation in canines. Heart Rhythm, 3(1), 71–76.PubMedCrossRef Greenberg, S., Blume, W., Faddis, M., et al. (2006). Remote controlled magnetically guided pulmonary vein isolation in canines. Heart Rhythm, 3(1), 71–76.PubMedCrossRef
311.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Vicedomini, G., Manguso, F., et al. (2006). Robotic magnetic navigation for atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(7), 1390–1400.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Vicedomini, G., Manguso, F., et al. (2006). Robotic magnetic navigation for atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(7), 1390–1400.PubMedCrossRef
312.
Zurück zum Zitat Saliba, W., Reddy, V. Y., Wazni, O., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation ablation using a robotic catheter remote control system: Initial human experience and long-term follow-up results. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(25), 2407–2411.PubMedCrossRef Saliba, W., Reddy, V. Y., Wazni, O., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation ablation using a robotic catheter remote control system: Initial human experience and long-term follow-up results. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(25), 2407–2411.PubMedCrossRef
313.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni, O. M., Barrett, C., Martin, D. O., et al. (2009). Experience with the hansen robotic system for atrial fibrillation ablation–lessons learned and techniques modified: Hansen in the real world. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(11), 1193–1196.PubMedCrossRef Wazni, O. M., Barrett, C., Martin, D. O., et al. (2009). Experience with the hansen robotic system for atrial fibrillation ablation–lessons learned and techniques modified: Hansen in the real world. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(11), 1193–1196.PubMedCrossRef
314.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson, J. D., Helms, A., Mangrum, J. M., et al. (2009). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation without fluoroscopy using intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 611–619.PubMedCrossRef Ferguson, J. D., Helms, A., Mangrum, J. M., et al. (2009). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation without fluoroscopy using intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 611–619.PubMedCrossRef
315.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, S. S., Hijazi, Z. M., Lang, R. M., & Knight, B. P. (2009). The use of intracardiac echocardiography and other intracardiac imaging tools to guide noncoronary cardiac interventions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(23), 2117–2128.PubMedCrossRef Kim, S. S., Hijazi, Z. M., Lang, R. M., & Knight, B. P. (2009). The use of intracardiac echocardiography and other intracardiac imaging tools to guide noncoronary cardiac interventions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(23), 2117–2128.PubMedCrossRef
316.
Zurück zum Zitat Saliba, W., & Thomas, J. (2008). Intracardiac echocardiography during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace, 10(Suppl 3), iii42–iii47.PubMedCrossRef Saliba, W., & Thomas, J. (2008). Intracardiac echocardiography during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace, 10(Suppl 3), iii42–iii47.PubMedCrossRef
317.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, M., Daccarett, M., Marschang, H., et al. (2010). Intracardiac echocardiography improves procedural efficiency during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: A pilot study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1202–1207.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt, M., Daccarett, M., Marschang, H., et al. (2010). Intracardiac echocardiography improves procedural efficiency during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: A pilot study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1202–1207.PubMedCrossRef
318.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., & Callans, D. J. (2004). Left atrial thrombus associated with ablation for atrial fibrillation: Identification with intracardiac echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(10), 1861–1867.PubMedCrossRef Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., & Callans, D. J. (2004). Left atrial thrombus associated with ablation for atrial fibrillation: Identification with intracardiac echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(10), 1861–1867.PubMedCrossRef
319.
Zurück zum Zitat Strohmer, B., Schernthaner, C., & Pichler, M. (2006). Simultaneous angiographic imaging of ipsilateral pulmonary veins for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 95(11), 591–599.PubMedCrossRef Strohmer, B., Schernthaner, C., & Pichler, M. (2006). Simultaneous angiographic imaging of ipsilateral pulmonary veins for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 95(11), 591–599.PubMedCrossRef
320.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasamreddy, C. R., Jayam, V., Lickfett, L., et al. (2004). Technique and results of pulmonary vein angiography in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(1), 21–26.PubMedCrossRef Vasamreddy, C. R., Jayam, V., Lickfett, L., et al. (2004). Technique and results of pulmonary vein angiography in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(1), 21–26.PubMedCrossRef
321.
Zurück zum Zitat Kato, R., Lickfett, L., Meininger, G., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein anatomy in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Lessons learned by use of magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 107(15), 2004–2010.PubMedCrossRef Kato, R., Lickfett, L., Meininger, G., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein anatomy in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Lessons learned by use of magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 107(15), 2004–2010.PubMedCrossRef
322.
Zurück zum Zitat Lickfett, L., Kato, R., Tandri, H., et al. (2004). Characterization of a new pulmonary vein variant using magnetic resonance angiography: Incidence, imaging, and interventional implications of the "right top pulmonary vein". Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(5), 538–543.PubMedCrossRef Lickfett, L., Kato, R., Tandri, H., et al. (2004). Characterization of a new pulmonary vein variant using magnetic resonance angiography: Incidence, imaging, and interventional implications of the "right top pulmonary vein". Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(5), 538–543.PubMedCrossRef
323.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, W. S., Prakash, V. S., Tai, C. T., et al. (2000). Pulmonary vein morphology in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation. Circulation, 101(11), 1274–1281.PubMed Lin, W. S., Prakash, V. S., Tai, C. T., et al. (2000). Pulmonary vein morphology in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation. Circulation, 101(11), 1274–1281.PubMed
324.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansour, M., Holmvang, G., Sosnovik, D., et al. (2004). Assessment of pulmonary vein anatomic variability by magnetic resonance imaging: Implications for catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(4), 387–393.PubMedCrossRef Mansour, M., Holmvang, G., Sosnovik, D., et al. (2004). Assessment of pulmonary vein anatomic variability by magnetic resonance imaging: Implications for catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(4), 387–393.PubMedCrossRef
325.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Lugones, A., Schvartzman, P. R., Schweikert, R., et al. (2003). Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation and controls: Morphological characteristics of different veins. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(1 Pt 1), 8–15.PubMedCrossRef Perez-Lugones, A., Schvartzman, P. R., Schweikert, R., et al. (2003). Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation and controls: Morphological characteristics of different veins. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(1 Pt 1), 8–15.PubMedCrossRef
326.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartzman, D., Lacomis, J., & Wigginton, W. G. (2003). Characterization of left atrium and distal pulmonary vein morphology using multidimensional computed tomography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(8), 1349–1357.PubMedCrossRef Schwartzman, D., Lacomis, J., & Wigginton, W. G. (2003). Characterization of left atrium and distal pulmonary vein morphology using multidimensional computed tomography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(8), 1349–1357.PubMedCrossRef
327.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Yu, W. C., et al. (2001). Role of right middle pulmonary vein in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 12(12), 1353–1357.PubMedCrossRef Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Yu, W. C., et al. (2001). Role of right middle pulmonary vein in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 12(12), 1353–1357.PubMedCrossRef
328.
Zurück zum Zitat Jongbloed, M. R., Bax, J. J., Lamb, H. J., et al. (2005). Multislice computed tomography versus intracardiac echocardiography to evaluate the pulmonary veins before radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A head-to-head comparison. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(3), 343–350.PubMedCrossRef Jongbloed, M. R., Bax, J. J., Lamb, H. J., et al. (2005). Multislice computed tomography versus intracardiac echocardiography to evaluate the pulmonary veins before radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A head-to-head comparison. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(3), 343–350.PubMedCrossRef
329.
Zurück zum Zitat Mlcochova, H., Tintera, J., Porod, V., Peichl, P., Cihak, R., & Kautzner, J. (2005). Magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(10), 1073–1080.PubMedCrossRef Mlcochova, H., Tintera, J., Porod, V., Peichl, P., Cihak, R., & Kautzner, J. (2005). Magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(10), 1073–1080.PubMedCrossRef
330.
Zurück zum Zitat Chun, K. R., Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., et al. (2009). The ‘single big cryoballoon’ technique for acute pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective observational single centre study. European Heart Journal, 30(6), 699–709.PubMedCrossRef Chun, K. R., Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., et al. (2009). The ‘single big cryoballoon’ technique for acute pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective observational single centre study. European Heart Journal, 30(6), 699–709.PubMedCrossRef
331.
Zurück zum Zitat Sra, J., Narayan, G., Krum, D., et al. (2007). Computed tomography-fluoroscopy image integration-guided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 409–414.PubMedCrossRef Sra, J., Narayan, G., Krum, D., et al. (2007). Computed tomography-fluoroscopy image integration-guided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(4), 409–414.PubMedCrossRef
332.
Zurück zum Zitat Knecht, S., Wright, M., Akrivakis, S., et al. (2010). Prospective randomized comparison between the conventional electroanatomical system and three-dimensional rotational angiography during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(4), 459–465.PubMedCrossRef Knecht, S., Wright, M., Akrivakis, S., et al. (2010). Prospective randomized comparison between the conventional electroanatomical system and three-dimensional rotational angiography during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 7(4), 459–465.PubMedCrossRef
333.
Zurück zum Zitat Kriatselis, C., Nedios, S., Akrivakis, S., et al. (2011). Intraprocedural imaging of left atrium and pulmonary veins: A comparison study between rotational angiography and cardiac computed tomography. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 34(3), 315–322.PubMedCrossRef Kriatselis, C., Nedios, S., Akrivakis, S., et al. (2011). Intraprocedural imaging of left atrium and pulmonary veins: A comparison study between rotational angiography and cardiac computed tomography. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 34(3), 315–322.PubMedCrossRef
334.
Zurück zum Zitat Kriatselis, C., Tang, M., Nedios, S., Roser, M., Gerds-Li, H., & Fleck, E. (2009). Intraprocedural reconstruction of the left atrium and pulmonary veins as a single navigation tool for ablation of atrial fibrillation: A feasibility, efficacy, and safety study. Heart Rhythm, 6(6), 733–741.PubMedCrossRef Kriatselis, C., Tang, M., Nedios, S., Roser, M., Gerds-Li, H., & Fleck, E. (2009). Intraprocedural reconstruction of the left atrium and pulmonary veins as a single navigation tool for ablation of atrial fibrillation: A feasibility, efficacy, and safety study. Heart Rhythm, 6(6), 733–741.PubMedCrossRef
335.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, J. H., Haim, M., Movassaghi, B., et al. (2009). Segmentation and registration of three-dimensional rotational angiogram on live fluoroscopy to guide atrial fibrillation ablation: A new online imaging tool. Heart Rhythm, 6(2), 231–237.PubMedCrossRef Li, J. H., Haim, M., Movassaghi, B., et al. (2009). Segmentation and registration of three-dimensional rotational angiogram on live fluoroscopy to guide atrial fibrillation ablation: A new online imaging tool. Heart Rhythm, 6(2), 231–237.PubMedCrossRef
336.
Zurück zum Zitat Manzke, R., Reddy, V. Y., Dalal, S., Hanekamp, A., Rasche, V., & Chan, R. C. (2006). Intra-operative volume imaging of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with rotational X-ray angiography. Medical Image Computer Computer Assisted Intervention, 9(Pt 1), 604–611. Manzke, R., Reddy, V. Y., Dalal, S., Hanekamp, A., Rasche, V., & Chan, R. C. (2006). Intra-operative volume imaging of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with rotational X-ray angiography. Medical Image Computer Computer Assisted Intervention, 9(Pt 1), 604–611.
337.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiagalingam, A., Manzke, R., D’Avila, A., et al. (2008). Intraprocedural volume imaging of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with rotational X-ray angiography: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 293–300.PubMedCrossRef Thiagalingam, A., Manzke, R., D’Avila, A., et al. (2008). Intraprocedural volume imaging of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with rotational X-ray angiography: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 293–300.PubMedCrossRef
338.
Zurück zum Zitat Wielandts, J. Y., De Buck, S., Ector, J., et al. (2010). Three-dimensional cardiac rotational angiography: Effective radiation dose and image quality implications. Europace, 12(2), 194–201.PubMedCrossRef Wielandts, J. Y., De Buck, S., Ector, J., et al. (2010). Three-dimensional cardiac rotational angiography: Effective radiation dose and image quality implications. Europace, 12(2), 194–201.PubMedCrossRef
339.
Zurück zum Zitat Lang, R. M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R. B., et al. (2005). Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 18(12), 1440–1463.CrossRef Lang, R. M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R. B., et al. (2005). Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 18(12), 1440–1463.CrossRef
340.
Zurück zum Zitat Hof, I., Arbab-Zadeh, A., Scherr, D., et al. (2009). Correlation of left atrial diameter by echocardiography and left atrial volume by computed tomography. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(2), 159–163.PubMedCrossRef Hof, I., Arbab-Zadeh, A., Scherr, D., et al. (2009). Correlation of left atrial diameter by echocardiography and left atrial volume by computed tomography. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(2), 159–163.PubMedCrossRef
341.
Zurück zum Zitat Parikh, S. S., Jons, C., McNitt, S., Daubert, J. P., Schwarz, K. Q., & Hall, B. (2010). Predictive capability of left atrial size measured by CT, TEE, and TTE for recurrence of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(5), 532–540.PubMedCrossRef Parikh, S. S., Jons, C., McNitt, S., Daubert, J. P., Schwarz, K. Q., & Hall, B. (2010). Predictive capability of left atrial size measured by CT, TEE, and TTE for recurrence of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(5), 532–540.PubMedCrossRef
342.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyasaka, Y., Tsujimoto, S., Maeba, H., et al. (2011). Left atrial volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: Validation by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 24(6), 680–686.PubMedCrossRef Miyasaka, Y., Tsujimoto, S., Maeba, H., et al. (2011). Left atrial volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: Validation by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 24(6), 680–686.PubMedCrossRef
343.
Zurück zum Zitat Hof, I. E., Velthuis, B. K., Van Driel, V. J., Wittkampf, F. H., Hauer, R. N., & Loh, P. (2010). Left atrial volume and function assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1247–1250.PubMedCrossRef Hof, I. E., Velthuis, B. K., Van Driel, V. J., Wittkampf, F. H., Hauer, R. N., & Loh, P. (2010). Left atrial volume and function assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1247–1250.PubMedCrossRef
344.
Zurück zum Zitat Muller, H., Burri, H., Gentil, P., Lerch, R., & Shah, D. (2010). Measurement of left atrial volume in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation: Comparison of angiography and electro-anatomic (CARTO) mapping with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Europace, 12(6), 792–797.PubMedCrossRef Muller, H., Burri, H., Gentil, P., Lerch, R., & Shah, D. (2010). Measurement of left atrial volume in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation: Comparison of angiography and electro-anatomic (CARTO) mapping with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Europace, 12(6), 792–797.PubMedCrossRef
345.
Zurück zum Zitat Hof, I., Arbab-Zadeh, A., Dong, J., Scherr, D., Chilukuri, K., & Calkins, H. (2008). Validation of a simplified method to determine left atrial volume by computed tomography in patients with atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 102(11), 1567–1570.PubMedCrossRef Hof, I., Arbab-Zadeh, A., Dong, J., Scherr, D., Chilukuri, K., & Calkins, H. (2008). Validation of a simplified method to determine left atrial volume by computed tomography in patients with atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 102(11), 1567–1570.PubMedCrossRef
346.
Zurück zum Zitat Abecasis, J., Dourado, R., Ferreira, A., et al. (2009). Left atrial volume calculated by multi-detector computed tomography may predict successful pulmonary vein isolation in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace, 11(10), 1289–1294.PubMedCrossRef Abecasis, J., Dourado, R., Ferreira, A., et al. (2009). Left atrial volume calculated by multi-detector computed tomography may predict successful pulmonary vein isolation in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace, 11(10), 1289–1294.PubMedCrossRef
347.
Zurück zum Zitat Helms, A. S., West, J. J., Patel, A., et al. (2009). Relation of left atrial volume from three-dimensional computed tomography to atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(7), 989–993.PubMedCrossRef Helms, A. S., West, J. J., Patel, A., et al. (2009). Relation of left atrial volume from three-dimensional computed tomography to atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(7), 989–993.PubMedCrossRef
348.
Zurück zum Zitat Hof, I., Chilukuri, K., Arbab-Zadeh, A., et al. (2009). Does left atrial volume and pulmonary venous anatomy predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 1005–1010.PubMedCrossRef Hof, I., Chilukuri, K., Arbab-Zadeh, A., et al. (2009). Does left atrial volume and pulmonary venous anatomy predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 1005–1010.PubMedCrossRef
349.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin, S. H., Park, M. Y., Oh, W. J., et al. (2008). Left atrial volume is a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 21(6), 697–702.PubMedCrossRef Shin, S. H., Park, M. Y., Oh, W. J., et al. (2008). Left atrial volume is a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 21(6), 697–702.PubMedCrossRef
350.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, R. J., Wu, E., Rafael, A., et al. (2000). The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343(20), 1445–1453.PubMedCrossRef Kim, R. J., Wu, E., Rafael, A., et al. (2000). The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343(20), 1445–1453.PubMedCrossRef
351.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, E., Judd, R. M., Vargas, J. D., Klocke, F. J., Bonow, R. O., & Kim, R. J. (2001). Visualisation of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Lancet, 357(9249), 21–28.PubMedCrossRef Wu, E., Judd, R. M., Vargas, J. D., Klocke, F. J., Bonow, R. O., & Kim, R. J. (2001). Visualisation of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Lancet, 357(9249), 21–28.PubMedCrossRef
352.
Zurück zum Zitat McGann, C., Kholmovski, E., Blauer, J., et al. (2011). Dark regions of no-reflow on late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging result in scar formation after atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(2), 177–185.PubMedCrossRef McGann, C., Kholmovski, E., Blauer, J., et al. (2011). Dark regions of no-reflow on late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging result in scar formation after atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(2), 177–185.PubMedCrossRef
353.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters, D. C., Wylie, J. V., Hauser, T. H., et al. (2009). Recurrence of atrial fibrillation correlates with the extent of post-procedural late gadolinium enhancement: A pilot study. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging, 2(3), 308–316.PubMedCrossRef Peters, D. C., Wylie, J. V., Hauser, T. H., et al. (2009). Recurrence of atrial fibrillation correlates with the extent of post-procedural late gadolinium enhancement: A pilot study. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging, 2(3), 308–316.PubMedCrossRef
354.
Zurück zum Zitat Oakes, R. S., Badger, T. J., Kholmovski, E. G., et al. (2009). Detection and quantification of left atrial structural remodeling with delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 119(13), 1758–1767.PubMedCrossRef Oakes, R. S., Badger, T. J., Kholmovski, E. G., et al. (2009). Detection and quantification of left atrial structural remodeling with delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 119(13), 1758–1767.PubMedCrossRef
355.
Zurück zum Zitat Nazarian, S., Kolandaivelu, A., Zviman, M. M., et al. (2008). Feasibility of real-time magnetic resonance imaging for catheter guidance in electrophysiology studies. Circulation, 118(3), 223–229.PubMedCrossRef Nazarian, S., Kolandaivelu, A., Zviman, M. M., et al. (2008). Feasibility of real-time magnetic resonance imaging for catheter guidance in electrophysiology studies. Circulation, 118(3), 223–229.PubMedCrossRef
356.
Zurück zum Zitat Vergara, G. R., Vijayakumar, S., Kholmovski, E. G., et al. (2011). Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiofrequency atrial ablation and visualization of lesion formation at 3 Tesla. Heart Rhythm, 8(2), 295–303.PubMedCrossRef Vergara, G. R., Vijayakumar, S., Kholmovski, E. G., et al. (2011). Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiofrequency atrial ablation and visualization of lesion formation at 3 Tesla. Heart Rhythm, 8(2), 295–303.PubMedCrossRef
357.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherr, D., Dalal, D., Cheema, A., et al. (2009). Long- and short-term temporal stability of complex fractionated atrial electrograms in human left atrium during atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(1), 13–21.PubMedCrossRef Scherr, D., Dalal, D., Cheema, A., et al. (2009). Long- and short-term temporal stability of complex fractionated atrial electrograms in human left atrium during atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(1), 13–21.PubMedCrossRef
358.
Zurück zum Zitat Nademanee, K., Schwab, M., Porath, J., & Abbo, A. (2006). How to perform electrogram-guided atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 3(8), 981–984.PubMedCrossRef Nademanee, K., Schwab, M., Porath, J., & Abbo, A. (2006). How to perform electrogram-guided atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 3(8), 981–984.PubMedCrossRef
359.
Zurück zum Zitat Armour, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Yuan, B. X., Macdonald, S., & Hopkins, D. A. (1997). Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Anatomical Record, 247(2), 289–298.PubMedCrossRef Armour, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Yuan, B. X., Macdonald, S., & Hopkins, D. A. (1997). Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Anatomical Record, 247(2), 289–298.PubMedCrossRef
360.
Zurück zum Zitat Atienza, F., Almendral, J., Jalife, J., et al. (2009). Real-time dominant frequency mapping and ablation of dominant frequency sites in atrial fibrillation with left-to-right frequency gradients predicts long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm. Heart Rhythm, 6(1), 33–40.PubMedCrossRef Atienza, F., Almendral, J., Jalife, J., et al. (2009). Real-time dominant frequency mapping and ablation of dominant frequency sites in atrial fibrillation with left-to-right frequency gradients predicts long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm. Heart Rhythm, 6(1), 33–40.PubMedCrossRef
361.
Zurück zum Zitat Arruda, M., & Natale, A. (2008). Ablation of permanent AF: Adjunctive strategies to pulmonary veins isolation: Targeting AF NEST in sinus rhythm and CFAE in AF. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 23(1), 51–57.PubMedCrossRef Arruda, M., & Natale, A. (2008). Ablation of permanent AF: Adjunctive strategies to pulmonary veins isolation: Targeting AF NEST in sinus rhythm and CFAE in AF. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 23(1), 51–57.PubMedCrossRef
362.
Zurück zum Zitat Pachon, M. J., Pachon, M. E., Lobo, T. J., et al. (2004). A new treatment for atrial fibrillation based on spectral analysis to guide the catheter RF-ablation. Europace, 6(6), 590–601.PubMedCrossRef Pachon, M. J., Pachon, M. E., Lobo, T. J., et al. (2004). A new treatment for atrial fibrillation based on spectral analysis to guide the catheter RF-ablation. Europace, 6(6), 590–601.PubMedCrossRef
363.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, Y. J., Kao, T., Tai, C. T., et al. (2008). Spectral analysis during sinus rhythm predicts an abnormal atrial substrate in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5(7), 968–974.PubMedCrossRef Lin, Y. J., Kao, T., Tai, C. T., et al. (2008). Spectral analysis during sinus rhythm predicts an abnormal atrial substrate in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5(7), 968–974.PubMedCrossRef
364.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, Y. J., L. M., Chang, S. L., Lo, L. W., Hu, Y. F., Tuan, T. C., Tai, C. T., et al. (2011). A prospective, randomized, comparison of modified pulmonary vein isolation (target the AF nest) versus conventional pulmonary vein isolation in the catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. Vol 8 (5)(2):supplement (S194, abstract). Lin, Y. J., L. M., Chang, S. L., Lo, L. W., Hu, Y. F., Tuan, T. C., Tai, C. T., et al. (2011). A prospective, randomized, comparison of modified pulmonary vein isolation (target the AF nest) versus conventional pulmonary vein isolation in the catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. Vol 8 (5)(2):supplement (S194, abstract).
365.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Dixit, S., et al. (2004). Mechanisms of organized left atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation, 110(11), 1351–1357.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Dixit, S., et al. (2004). Mechanisms of organized left atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation, 110(11), 1351–1357.PubMedCrossRef
366.
Zurück zum Zitat Knecht, S., Veenhuyzen, G., O’Neill, M. D., et al. (2009). Atrial tachycardias encountered in the context of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation part II: Mapping and ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(4), 528–538.PubMedCrossRef Knecht, S., Veenhuyzen, G., O’Neill, M. D., et al. (2009). Atrial tachycardias encountered in the context of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation part II: Mapping and ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(4), 528–538.PubMedCrossRef
367.
Zurück zum Zitat Satomi, K., Bansch, D., Tilz, R., et al. (2008). Left atrial and pulmonary vein macroreentrant tachycardia associated with double conduction gaps: A novel type of man-made tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 5(1), 43–51.PubMedCrossRef Satomi, K., Bansch, D., Tilz, R., et al. (2008). Left atrial and pulmonary vein macroreentrant tachycardia associated with double conduction gaps: A novel type of man-made tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 5(1), 43–51.PubMedCrossRef
368.
Zurück zum Zitat Veenhuyzen, G. D., Knecht, S., O’Neill, M. D., et al. (2009). Atrial tachycardias encountered during and after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Part I: Classification, incidence, management. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(3), 393–398.PubMedCrossRef Veenhuyzen, G. D., Knecht, S., O’Neill, M. D., et al. (2009). Atrial tachycardias encountered during and after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Part I: Classification, incidence, management. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(3), 393–398.PubMedCrossRef
369.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumann, T., Vogt, J., Schumacher, B., et al. (2008). Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation with the cryoballoon technique results from a prospective 3-center study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(4), 273–278.PubMedCrossRef Neumann, T., Vogt, J., Schumacher, B., et al. (2008). Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation with the cryoballoon technique results from a prospective 3-center study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(4), 273–278.PubMedCrossRef
370.
Zurück zum Zitat Ammar, S., Hessling, G., Reents, T., Fichtner, S., Wu, J., Zhu, P., et al. (2011). Arrhythmia type after persistent atrial fibrillation ablation predicts success of the repeat procedure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 4, 609–614. Ammar, S., Hessling, G., Reents, T., Fichtner, S., Wu, J., Zhu, P., et al. (2011). Arrhythmia type after persistent atrial fibrillation ablation predicts success of the repeat procedure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 4, 609–614.
371.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, D. (2009). ECG manifestations of left atrial flutter. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 24(1), 35–41.PubMedCrossRef Shah, D. (2009). ECG manifestations of left atrial flutter. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 24(1), 35–41.PubMedCrossRef
372.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, D., Sunthorn, H., Burri, H., et al. (2006). Narrow, slow-conducting isthmus dependent left atrial reentry developing after ablation for atrial fibrillation: ECG characterization and elimination by focal RF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(5), 508–515.PubMedCrossRef Shah, D., Sunthorn, H., Burri, H., et al. (2006). Narrow, slow-conducting isthmus dependent left atrial reentry developing after ablation for atrial fibrillation: ECG characterization and elimination by focal RF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(5), 508–515.PubMedCrossRef
373.
Zurück zum Zitat Chugh, A., Latchamsetty, R., Oral, H., et al. (2006). Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter after left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 113(5), 609–615.PubMedCrossRef Chugh, A., Latchamsetty, R., Oral, H., et al. (2006). Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter after left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 113(5), 609–615.PubMedCrossRef
374.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R., Saliba, W., et al. (2005). Left atrial flutter following pulmonary vein antrum isolation with radiofrequency energy: Linear lesions or repeat isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(3), 293–297.PubMedCrossRef Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R., Saliba, W., et al. (2005). Left atrial flutter following pulmonary vein antrum isolation with radiofrequency energy: Linear lesions or repeat isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(3), 293–297.PubMedCrossRef
375.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., Bala, R., et al. (2007). Surface electrocardiogram characteristics of atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 4(9), 1136–1143.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., Dixit, S., Bala, R., et al. (2007). Surface electrocardiogram characteristics of atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 4(9), 1136–1143.PubMedCrossRef
376.
Zurück zum Zitat Esato, M., Hindricks, G., Sommer, P., et al. (2009). Color-coded three-dimensional entrainment mapping for analysis and treatment of atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 349–358.PubMedCrossRef Esato, M., Hindricks, G., Sommer, P., et al. (2009). Color-coded three-dimensional entrainment mapping for analysis and treatment of atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 349–358.PubMedCrossRef
377.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Matsuo, S., Knecht, S., et al. (2009). A deductive mapping strategy for atrial tachycardia following atrial fibrillation ablation: Importance of localized reentry. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(5), 480–491.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Matsuo, S., Knecht, S., et al. (2009). A deductive mapping strategy for atrial tachycardia following atrial fibrillation ablation: Importance of localized reentry. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(5), 480–491.PubMedCrossRef
378.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong, K. C., Jones, M., Qureshi, N., et al. (2011). Balloon occlusion of the distal coronary sinus facilitates mitral isthmus ablation. Heart Rhythm, 8(6), 833–839.PubMedCrossRef Wong, K. C., Jones, M., Qureshi, N., et al. (2011). Balloon occlusion of the distal coronary sinus facilitates mitral isthmus ablation. Heart Rhythm, 8(6), 833–839.PubMedCrossRef
379.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherr, D., Sharma, K., Dalal, D., et al. (2009). Incidence and predictors of periprocedural cerebrovascular accident in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1357–1363.PubMedCrossRef Scherr, D., Sharma, K., Dalal, D., et al. (2009). Incidence and predictors of periprocedural cerebrovascular accident in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1357–1363.PubMedCrossRef
380.
Zurück zum Zitat Vazquez, S. R., Johnson, S. A., & Rondina, M. T. (2010). Peri-procedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation. Thrombosis Research, 126(2), e69–e77.PubMedCrossRef Vazquez, S. R., Johnson, S. A., & Rondina, M. T. (2010). Peri-procedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation. Thrombosis Research, 126(2), e69–e77.PubMedCrossRef
381.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorwarth, U., Fiek, M., Remp, T., et al. (2003). Radiofrequency catheter ablation: Different cooled and noncooled electrode systems induce specific lesion geometries and adverse effects profiles. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(7 Pt 1), 1438–1445.PubMedCrossRef Dorwarth, U., Fiek, M., Remp, T., et al. (2003). Radiofrequency catheter ablation: Different cooled and noncooled electrode systems induce specific lesion geometries and adverse effects profiles. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(7 Pt 1), 1438–1445.PubMedCrossRef
382.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni, O. M., Rossillo, A., Marrouche, N. F., et al. (2005). Embolic events and char formation during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: Impact of different anticoagulation regimens and importance of intracardiac echo imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 576–581.PubMedCrossRef Wazni, O. M., Rossillo, A., Marrouche, N. F., et al. (2005). Embolic events and char formation during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: Impact of different anticoagulation regimens and importance of intracardiac echo imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 576–581.PubMedCrossRef
383.
Zurück zum Zitat Maleki, K., Mohammadi, R., Hart, D., Cotiga, D., Farhat, N., & Steinberg, J. S. (2005). Intracardiac ultrasound detection of thrombus on transseptal sheath: Incidence, treatment, and prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 561–565.PubMedCrossRef Maleki, K., Mohammadi, R., Hart, D., Cotiga, D., Farhat, N., & Steinberg, J. S. (2005). Intracardiac ultrasound detection of thrombus on transseptal sheath: Incidence, treatment, and prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 561–565.PubMedCrossRef
384.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, D. (2010). Filamentous thrombi during left-sided sheath-assisted catheter ablations. Europace, 12(12), 1657–1658.PubMedCrossRef Shah, D. (2010). Filamentous thrombi during left-sided sheath-assisted catheter ablations. Europace, 12(12), 1657–1658.PubMedCrossRef
385.
Zurück zum Zitat Sparks, P. B., Jayaprakash, S., Vohra, J. K., et al. (1998). Left atrial "stunning" following radiofrequency catheter ablation of chronic atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 32(2), 468–475.PubMedCrossRef Sparks, P. B., Jayaprakash, S., Vohra, J. K., et al. (1998). Left atrial "stunning" following radiofrequency catheter ablation of chronic atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 32(2), 468–475.PubMedCrossRef
386.
Zurück zum Zitat Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2005). Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 111(9), 1100–1105.PubMedCrossRef Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2005). Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 111(9), 1100–1105.PubMedCrossRef
387.
Zurück zum Zitat Abhishek, F., Heist, E. K., Barrett, C., et al. (2011). Effectiveness of a strategy to reduce major vascular complications from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 30(3), 211–215.PubMedCrossRef Abhishek, F., Heist, E. K., Barrett, C., et al. (2011). Effectiveness of a strategy to reduce major vascular complications from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 30(3), 211–215.PubMedCrossRef
388.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt, H., Bhonsale, A., Chilukuri, K., Alhumaid, F., Needleman, M., Edwards, D., et al. (2011). Complications arising from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Temporal trends and predictors. Heart Rhythm, 8(12), 1869–1874. Hoyt, H., Bhonsale, A., Chilukuri, K., Alhumaid, F., Needleman, M., Edwards, D., et al. (2011). Complications arising from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Temporal trends and predictors. Heart Rhythm, 8(12), 1869–1874.
389.
Zurück zum Zitat McCready, J. W., Nunn, L., Lambiase, P. D., et al. (2010). Incidence of left atrial thrombus prior to atrial fibrillation ablation: Is pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography mandatory? Europace, 12(7), 927–932.PubMedCrossRef McCready, J. W., Nunn, L., Lambiase, P. D., et al. (2010). Incidence of left atrial thrombus prior to atrial fibrillation ablation: Is pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography mandatory? Europace, 12(7), 927–932.PubMedCrossRef
390.
Zurück zum Zitat Puwanant, S., Varr, B. C., Shrestha, K., et al. (2009). Role of the CHADS2 score in the evaluation of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transesophageal echocardiography before pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 54(22), 2032–2039.PubMedCrossRef Puwanant, S., Varr, B. C., Shrestha, K., et al. (2009). Role of the CHADS2 score in the evaluation of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transesophageal echocardiography before pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 54(22), 2032–2039.PubMedCrossRef
391.
Zurück zum Zitat Scherr, D., Dalal, D., Chilukuri, K., et al. (2009). Incidence and predictors of left atrial thrombus prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(4), 379–384.PubMedCrossRef Scherr, D., Dalal, D., Chilukuri, K., et al. (2009). Incidence and predictors of left atrial thrombus prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(4), 379–384.PubMedCrossRef
392.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, M. R., Mahaffey, K. W., Garg, J., et al. (2011). Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(10), 883–891.PubMedCrossRef Patel, M. R., Mahaffey, K. W., Garg, J., et al. (2011). Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(10), 883–891.PubMedCrossRef
393.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly, S. J., Eikelboom, J., Joyner, C., et al. (2011). Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(9), 806–817.PubMedCrossRef Connolly, S. J., Eikelboom, J., Joyner, C., et al. (2011). Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(9), 806–817.PubMedCrossRef
394.
Zurück zum Zitat Gopinath, D., Lewis, W. R., Biase, L. D., & Natale, A. (2011). Pulmonary vein antrum isolation for atrial fibrillation on therapeutic coumadin: Special considerations. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(2), 236–239.PubMed Gopinath, D., Lewis, W. R., Biase, L. D., & Natale, A. (2011). Pulmonary vein antrum isolation for atrial fibrillation on therapeutic coumadin: Special considerations. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(2), 236–239.PubMed
395.
Zurück zum Zitat Granger, C. B., Alexander, J. H., McMurray, J. J., et al. (2011). Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(11), 981–992.PubMedCrossRef Granger, C. B., Alexander, J. H., McMurray, J. J., et al. (2011). Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(11), 981–992.PubMedCrossRef
396.
Zurück zum Zitat Mega, J. L., Braunwald, E., Wiviott, S. D., Bassand, J. P., Bhatt, D. L., Bode, C., et al. (2012). Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med, 366(1), 9–19. Mega, J. L., Braunwald, E., Wiviott, S. D., Bassand, J. P., Bhatt, D. L., Bode, C., et al. (2012). Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med, 366(1), 9–19.
397.
Zurück zum Zitat Lip, G. Y., Andreotti, F., Fauchier, L., et al. (2011). Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients: A position document from the European Heart Rhythm Association, endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Europace, 13(5), 723–746.PubMedCrossRef Lip, G. Y., Andreotti, F., Fauchier, L., et al. (2011). Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients: A position document from the European Heart Rhythm Association, endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Europace, 13(5), 723–746.PubMedCrossRef
398.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Biase, L., Burkhardt, J. D., Mohanty, P., et al. (2010). Periprocedural stroke and management of major bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: The impact of periprocedural therapeutic international normalized ratio. Circulation, 121(23), 2550–2556.PubMedCrossRef Di Biase, L., Burkhardt, J. D., Mohanty, P., et al. (2010). Periprocedural stroke and management of major bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: The impact of periprocedural therapeutic international normalized ratio. Circulation, 121(23), 2550–2556.PubMedCrossRef
399.
Zurück zum Zitat Hakalahti, A., Uusimaa, P., Ylitalo, K., & Raatikainen, M. J. (2011). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with therapeutic oral anticoagulation treatment. Europace, 13(5), 640–645.PubMedCrossRef Hakalahti, A., Uusimaa, P., Ylitalo, K., & Raatikainen, M. J. (2011). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with therapeutic oral anticoagulation treatment. Europace, 13(5), 640–645.PubMedCrossRef
400.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwak, J. J., Pak, H. N., Jang, J. K., et al. (2010). Safety and convenience of continuous warfarin strategy during the periprocedural period in patients who underwent catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 620–625.PubMedCrossRef Kwak, J. J., Pak, H. N., Jang, J. K., et al. (2010). Safety and convenience of continuous warfarin strategy during the periprocedural period in patients who underwent catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 620–625.PubMedCrossRef
401.
Zurück zum Zitat Page, S. P., Siddiqui, M. S., Finlay, M., et al. (2011). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on uninterrupted warfarin: Can it be done without echo guidance? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(3), 265–270.PubMedCrossRef Page, S. P., Siddiqui, M. S., Finlay, M., et al. (2011). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on uninterrupted warfarin: Can it be done without echo guidance? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(3), 265–270.PubMedCrossRef
402.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, M., Segerson, N. M., Marschang, H., et al. (2009). Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratios. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(8), 995–999.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt, M., Segerson, N. M., Marschang, H., et al. (2009). Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratios. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(8), 995–999.PubMedCrossRef
403.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni, O. M., Beheiry, S., Fahmy, T., et al. (2007). Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratio: Comparison of strategies of anticoagulation management in the periprocedural period. Circulation, 116(22), 2531–2534.PubMedCrossRef Wazni, O. M., Beheiry, S., Fahmy, T., et al. (2007). Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratio: Comparison of strategies of anticoagulation management in the periprocedural period. Circulation, 116(22), 2531–2534.PubMedCrossRef
404.
Zurück zum Zitat Majeed, A., Eelde, A., Agren, A., Schulman, S., & Holmstrom, M. (2011). Thromboembolic safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrates in the emergency reversal of warfarin coagulopathy. Thromb Res, 129(2), 146–151. Majeed, A., Eelde, A., Agren, A., Schulman, S., & Holmstrom, M. (2011). Thromboembolic safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrates in the emergency reversal of warfarin coagulopathy. Thromb Res, 129(2), 146–151.
405.
Zurück zum Zitat Winkle, R. A., Mead, R. H., Engel, G., Kong, M. H., & Patrawala, R. A. (2011). The use of dabigatran immediately after atrial fibrillation ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Sep 28. (Epub ahead of print). Winkle, R. A., Mead, R. H., Engel, G., Kong, M. H., & Patrawala, R. A. (2011). The use of dabigatran immediately after atrial fibrillation ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Sep 28. (Epub ahead of print).
406.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottlieb, I., Pinheiro, A., Brinker, J. A., et al. (2008). Diagnostic accuracy of arterial phase 64-slice multidetector CT angiography for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 247–251.PubMedCrossRef Gottlieb, I., Pinheiro, A., Brinker, J. A., et al. (2008). Diagnostic accuracy of arterial phase 64-slice multidetector CT angiography for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 247–251.PubMedCrossRef
407.
Zurück zum Zitat Saksena, S., Sra, J., Jordaens, L., et al. (2010). A prospective comparison of cardiac imaging using intracardiac echocardiography with transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation: The intracardiac echocardiography guided cardioversion helps interventional procedures study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(6), 571–577.PubMedCrossRef Saksena, S., Sra, J., Jordaens, L., et al. (2010). A prospective comparison of cardiac imaging using intracardiac echocardiography with transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation: The intracardiac echocardiography guided cardioversion helps interventional procedures study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(6), 571–577.PubMedCrossRef
408.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, A., Au, E., Donegan, K., et al. (2008). Multidetector row computed tomography for identification of left atrial appendage filling defects in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Heart Rhythm, 5(2), 253–260.PubMedCrossRef Patel, A., Au, E., Donegan, K., et al. (2008). Multidetector row computed tomography for identification of left atrial appendage filling defects in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Heart Rhythm, 5(2), 253–260.PubMedCrossRef
409.
Zurück zum Zitat Asbach, S., Biermann, J., Bode, C., & Faber, T. S. (2011). Early Heparin Administration Reduces Risk for Left Atrial Thrombus Formation during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2011, 615087.PubMedCrossRef Asbach, S., Biermann, J., Bode, C., & Faber, T. S. (2011). Early Heparin Administration Reduces Risk for Left Atrial Thrombus Formation during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2011, 615087.PubMedCrossRef
410.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce, C. J., Friedman, P. A., Narayan, O., et al. (2008). Early heparinization decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi detected by intracardiac echocardiography during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 22(3), 211–219.PubMedCrossRef Bruce, C. J., Friedman, P. A., Narayan, O., et al. (2008). Early heparinization decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi detected by intracardiac echocardiography during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 22(3), 211–219.PubMedCrossRef
411.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D. J., et al. (2005). Increased intensity of anticoagulation may reduce risk of thrombus during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures in patients with spontaneous echo contrast. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(5), 474–477.PubMedCrossRef Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D. J., et al. (2005). Increased intensity of anticoagulation may reduce risk of thrombus during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures in patients with spontaneous echo contrast. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(5), 474–477.PubMedCrossRef
412.
Zurück zum Zitat Chilukuri, K., Henrikson, C. A., Dalal, D., et al. (2009). Incidence and outcomes of protamine reactions in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 25(3), 175–181.PubMedCrossRef Chilukuri, K., Henrikson, C. A., Dalal, D., et al. (2009). Incidence and outcomes of protamine reactions in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 25(3), 175–181.PubMedCrossRef
413.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Crandall, B. G., Weiss, J. P., et al. (2009). Warfarin is not needed in low-risk patients following atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 988–993.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Crandall, B. G., Weiss, J. P., et al. (2009). Warfarin is not needed in low-risk patients following atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(9), 988–993.PubMedCrossRef
414.
Zurück zum Zitat Bubien, R. S., Fisher, J. D., Gentzel, J. A., et al. (1998). NASPE expert consensus document: Use of i.v. (conscious) sedation/analgesia by nonanesthesia personnel in patients undergoing arrhythmia specific diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(2), 375–385.PubMedCrossRef Bubien, R. S., Fisher, J. D., Gentzel, J. A., et al. (1998). NASPE expert consensus document: Use of i.v. (conscious) sedation/analgesia by nonanesthesia personnel in patients undergoing arrhythmia specific diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(2), 375–385.PubMedCrossRef
415.
Zurück zum Zitat ASA. (2006). Statement on granting privileges for administration of moderate sedation to practitioners who are not anesthesia professionals. October 2006. ASA. (2006). Statement on granting privileges for administration of moderate sedation to practitioners who are not anesthesia professionals. October 2006.
416.
Zurück zum Zitat Kottkamp, H., Hindricks, G., Eitel, C., Müller, K., Siedziako, A., Koch, J, et al. (2011). Deep sedation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective study in consecutive patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(12), 1339–1343. Kottkamp, H., Hindricks, G., Eitel, C., Müller, K., Siedziako, A., Koch, J, et al. (2011). Deep sedation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A prospective study in consecutive patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(12), 1339–1343.
417.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Biase, L., Conti, S., Mohanty, P., et al. (2011). General anesthesia reduces the prevalence of pulmonary vein reconnection during repeat ablation when compared with conscious sedation: Results from a randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 8(3), 368–372.PubMedCrossRef Di Biase, L., Conti, S., Mohanty, P., et al. (2011). General anesthesia reduces the prevalence of pulmonary vein reconnection during repeat ablation when compared with conscious sedation: Results from a randomized study. Heart Rhythm, 8(3), 368–372.PubMedCrossRef
418.
Zurück zum Zitat Goode, J. S., Jr., Taylor, R. L., Buffington, C. W., Klain, M. M., & Schwartzman, D. (2006). High-frequency jet ventilation: Utility in posterior left atrial catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm, 3(1), 13–19.PubMedCrossRef Goode, J. S., Jr., Taylor, R. L., Buffington, C. W., Klain, M. M., & Schwartzman, D. (2006). High-frequency jet ventilation: Utility in posterior left atrial catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm, 3(1), 13–19.PubMedCrossRef
419.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R. A., Saliba, W. I., et al. (2006). Brief communication: Atrial–esophageal fistulas after radiofrequency ablation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(8), 572–574.PubMed Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R. A., Saliba, W. I., et al. (2006). Brief communication: Atrial–esophageal fistulas after radiofrequency ablation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(8), 572–574.PubMed
420.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., Oral, H., Santinelli, V., et al. (2004). Atrio-esophageal fistula as a complication of percutaneous transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 109(22), 2724–2726.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., Oral, H., Santinelli, V., et al. (2004). Atrio-esophageal fistula as a complication of percutaneous transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 109(22), 2724–2726.PubMedCrossRef
421.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, D., Dumonceau, J. M., Burri, H., et al. (2005). Acute pyloric spasm and gastric hypomotility: An extracardiac adverse effect of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(2), 327–330.PubMedCrossRef Shah, D., Dumonceau, J. M., Burri, H., et al. (2005). Acute pyloric spasm and gastric hypomotility: An extracardiac adverse effect of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(2), 327–330.PubMedCrossRef
422.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed, H., & Neuzil, P. (2009). d’Avila A, et al. The esophageal effects of cryoenergy during cryoablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. Jul, 6(7), 962–969. Ahmed, H., & Neuzil, P. (2009). d’Avila A, et al. The esophageal effects of cryoenergy during cryoablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. Jul, 6(7), 962–969.
423.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemola, K., Sneider, M., Desjardins, B., et al. (2004). Computed tomographic analysis of the anatomy of the left atrium and the esophagus: Implications for left atrial catheter ablation. Circulation, 110(24), 3655–3660.PubMedCrossRef Lemola, K., Sneider, M., Desjardins, B., et al. (2004). Computed tomographic analysis of the anatomy of the left atrium and the esophagus: Implications for left atrial catheter ablation. Circulation, 110(24), 3655–3660.PubMedCrossRef
424.
Zurück zum Zitat Kottkamp, H., Piorkowski, C., Tanner, H., et al. (2005). Topographic variability of the esophageal left atrial relation influencing ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(2), 146–150.PubMedCrossRef Kottkamp, H., Piorkowski, C., Tanner, H., et al. (2005). Topographic variability of the esophageal left atrial relation influencing ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(2), 146–150.PubMedCrossRef
425.
Zurück zum Zitat Redfearn, D. P., Trim, G. M., Skanes, A. C., et al. (2005). Esophageal temperature monitoring during radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 589–593.PubMedCrossRef Redfearn, D. P., Trim, G. M., Skanes, A. C., et al. (2005). Esophageal temperature monitoring during radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(6), 589–593.PubMedCrossRef
426.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruby, R. S., Wells, D., Sankaran, S., et al. (2009). Prevalence of fever in patients undergoing left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by barium esophagraphy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(8), 883–887.PubMedCrossRef Ruby, R. S., Wells, D., Sankaran, S., et al. (2009). Prevalence of fever in patients undergoing left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by barium esophagraphy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(8), 883–887.PubMedCrossRef
427.
Zurück zum Zitat Good, E., Oral, H., Lemola, K., et al. (2005). Movement of the esophagus during left atrial catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(11), 2107–2110.PubMedCrossRef Good, E., Oral, H., Lemola, K., et al. (2005). Movement of the esophagus during left atrial catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(11), 2107–2110.PubMedCrossRef
428.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R. A., Saliba, W. I., et al. (2005). Assessment of temperature, proximity, and course of the esophagus during radiofrequency ablation within the left atrium. Circulation, 112(4), 459–464.PubMedCrossRef Cummings, J. E., Schweikert, R. A., Saliba, W. I., et al. (2005). Assessment of temperature, proximity, and course of the esophagus during radiofrequency ablation within the left atrium. Circulation, 112(4), 459–464.PubMedCrossRef
429.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., & Callans, D. J. (2006). Real-time intracardiac echocardiographic imaging of the posterior left atrial wall contiguous to anterior wall of the esophagus. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(3), 594. author reply 594-595.PubMedCrossRef Ren, J. F., Marchlinski, F. E., & Callans, D. J. (2006). Real-time intracardiac echocardiographic imaging of the posterior left atrial wall contiguous to anterior wall of the esophagus. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(3), 594. author reply 594-595.PubMedCrossRef
430.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuwahara, T., Takahashi, A., Kobori, A., et al. (2009). Safe and effective ablation of atrial fibrillation: Importance of esophageal temperature monitoring to avoid periesophageal nerve injury as a complication of pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(1), 1–6.PubMedCrossRef Kuwahara, T., Takahashi, A., Kobori, A., et al. (2009). Safe and effective ablation of atrial fibrillation: Importance of esophageal temperature monitoring to avoid periesophageal nerve injury as a complication of pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(1), 1–6.PubMedCrossRef
431.
Zurück zum Zitat Leite, L. R., Santos, S. N., Maia, H., et al. (2011). Luminal esophageal temperature monitoring with a deflectable esophageal temperature probe and intracardiac echocardiography may reduce esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures: Results of a pilot study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 149–156.PubMedCrossRef Leite, L. R., Santos, S. N., Maia, H., et al. (2011). Luminal esophageal temperature monitoring with a deflectable esophageal temperature probe and intracardiac echocardiography may reduce esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures: Results of a pilot study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 149–156.PubMedCrossRef
432.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh, S. M. (2008). d’Avila A, Doshi SK, et al. Esophageal injury and temperature monitoring during atrial fibrillation ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. Aug, 1(3), 162–168. Singh, S. M. (2008). d’Avila A, Doshi SK, et al. Esophageal injury and temperature monitoring during atrial fibrillation ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. Aug, 1(3), 162–168.
433.
Zurück zum Zitat Arruda, M. S., Armaganijan, L., Di Biase, L., Rashidi, R., & Natale, A. (2009). Feasibility and safety of using an esophageal protective system to eliminate esophageal thermal injury: Implications on atrial-esophageal fistula following AF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(11), 1272–1278.PubMedCrossRef Arruda, M. S., Armaganijan, L., Di Biase, L., Rashidi, R., & Natale, A. (2009). Feasibility and safety of using an esophageal protective system to eliminate esophageal thermal injury: Implications on atrial-esophageal fistula following AF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(11), 1272–1278.PubMedCrossRef
434.
Zurück zum Zitat Chugh, A., Rubenstein, J., Good, E., et al. (2009). Mechanical displacement of the esophagus in patients undergoing left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 319–322.PubMedCrossRef Chugh, A., Rubenstein, J., Good, E., et al. (2009). Mechanical displacement of the esophagus in patients undergoing left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 6(3), 319–322.PubMedCrossRef
435.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsuchiya, T., Ashikaga, K., Nakagawa, S., Hayashida, K., & Kugimiya, H. (2007). Atrial fibrillation ablation with esophageal cooling with a cooled water-irrigated intraesophageal balloon: A pilot study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(2), 145–150.PubMedCrossRef Tsuchiya, T., Ashikaga, K., Nakagawa, S., Hayashida, K., & Kugimiya, H. (2007). Atrial fibrillation ablation with esophageal cooling with a cooled water-irrigated intraesophageal balloon: A pilot study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(2), 145–150.PubMedCrossRef
436.
Zurück zum Zitat Gentlesk, P. J., Sauer, W. H., Gerstenfeld, E. P., et al. (2007). Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(1), 9–14.PubMedCrossRef Gentlesk, P. J., Sauer, W. H., Gerstenfeld, E. P., et al. (2007). Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(1), 9–14.PubMedCrossRef
437.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2006). A tailored approach to catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 113(15), 1824–1831.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2006). A tailored approach to catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 113(15), 1824–1831.PubMedCrossRef
438.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertaglia, E., Stabile, G., Senatore, G., et al. (2005). Predictive value of early atrial tachyarrhythmias recurrence after circumferential anatomical pulmonary vein ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(5), 366–371.PubMedCrossRef Bertaglia, E., Stabile, G., Senatore, G., et al. (2005). Predictive value of early atrial tachyarrhythmias recurrence after circumferential anatomical pulmonary vein ablation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(5), 366–371.PubMedCrossRef
439.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasamreddy, C. R., Lickfett, L., Jayam, V. K., et al. (2004). Predictors of recurrence following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using an irrigated-tip ablation catheter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(6), 692–697.PubMedCrossRef Vasamreddy, C. R., Lickfett, L., Jayam, V. K., et al. (2004). Predictors of recurrence following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using an irrigated-tip ablation catheter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(6), 692–697.PubMedCrossRef
440.
Zurück zum Zitat Arya, A., Hindricks, G., Sommer, P., et al. (2010). Long-term results and the predictors of outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using steerable sheath catheter navigation after single procedure in 674 patients. Europace, 12(2), 173–180.PubMedCrossRef Arya, A., Hindricks, G., Sommer, P., et al. (2010). Long-term results and the predictors of outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using steerable sheath catheter navigation after single procedure in 674 patients. Europace, 12(2), 173–180.PubMedCrossRef
441.
Zurück zum Zitat Klemm, H. U., Ventura, R., Rostock, T., et al. (2006). Correlation of symptoms to ECG diagnosis following atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(2), 146–150.PubMedCrossRef Klemm, H. U., Ventura, R., Rostock, T., et al. (2006). Correlation of symptoms to ECG diagnosis following atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(2), 146–150.PubMedCrossRef
442.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasamreddy, C. R., Dalal, D., Dong, J., et al. (2006). Symptomatic and asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(2), 134–139.PubMedCrossRef Vasamreddy, C. R., Dalal, D., Dong, J., et al. (2006). Symptomatic and asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(2), 134–139.PubMedCrossRef
443.
Zurück zum Zitat Hindricks, G., Piorkowski, C., Tanner, H., et al. (2005). Perception of atrial fibrillation before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation: Relevance of asymptomatic arrhythmia recurrence. Circulation, 112(3), 307–313.PubMedCrossRef Hindricks, G., Piorkowski, C., Tanner, H., et al. (2005). Perception of atrial fibrillation before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation: Relevance of asymptomatic arrhythmia recurrence. Circulation, 112(3), 307–313.PubMedCrossRef
444.
Zurück zum Zitat Kottkamp, H., Tanner, H., Kobza, R., et al. (2004). Time courses and quantitative analysis of atrial fibrillation episode number and duration after circular plus linear left atrial lesions: Trigger elimination or substrate modification: Early or delayed cure? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 44(4), 869–877.PubMed Kottkamp, H., Tanner, H., Kobza, R., et al. (2004). Time courses and quantitative analysis of atrial fibrillation episode number and duration after circular plus linear left atrial lesions: Trigger elimination or substrate modification: Early or delayed cure? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 44(4), 869–877.PubMed
445.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Veerareddy, S., Good, E., et al. (2004). Prevalence of asymptomatic recurrences of atrial fibrillation after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(8), 920–924.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Veerareddy, S., Good, E., et al. (2004). Prevalence of asymptomatic recurrences of atrial fibrillation after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(8), 920–924.PubMedCrossRef
446.
Zurück zum Zitat Senatore, G., Stabile, G., Bertaglia, E., et al. (2005). Role of transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring in detecting short-term arrhythmia recurrences after radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(6), 873–876.PubMedCrossRef Senatore, G., Stabile, G., Bertaglia, E., et al. (2005). Role of transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring in detecting short-term arrhythmia recurrences after radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(6), 873–876.PubMedCrossRef
447.
Zurück zum Zitat Dagres, N., Kottkamp, H., Piorkowski, C., et al. (2010). Influence of the duration of Holter monitoring on the detection of arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation Implications for patient follow-up. International Journal of Cardiology, 139(3), 305–306.PubMedCrossRef Dagres, N., Kottkamp, H., Piorkowski, C., et al. (2010). Influence of the duration of Holter monitoring on the detection of arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation Implications for patient follow-up. International Journal of Cardiology, 139(3), 305–306.PubMedCrossRef
448.
Zurück zum Zitat Pokushalov, E., Romanov, A., Corbucci, G., et al. (2011). Ablation of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: 1-year follow-up through continuous subcutaneous monitoring. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(4), 369–375.PubMedCrossRef Pokushalov, E., Romanov, A., Corbucci, G., et al. (2011). Ablation of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: 1-year follow-up through continuous subcutaneous monitoring. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(4), 369–375.PubMedCrossRef
449.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziegler, P. D., Koehler, J. L., & Mehra, R. (2006). Comparison of continuous versus intermittent monitoring of atrial arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm, 3(12), 1445–1452.PubMedCrossRef Ziegler, P. D., Koehler, J. L., & Mehra, R. (2006). Comparison of continuous versus intermittent monitoring of atrial arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm, 3(12), 1445–1452.PubMedCrossRef
450.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R., Mahoney, C., Mack, M. J., Roper, K., & Herbert, M. A. (2011). Long-term monitoring after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation: How much is enough? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 142(1), 162–165.PubMedCrossRef Edgerton, J. R., Mahoney, C., Mack, M. J., Roper, K., & Herbert, M. A. (2011). Long-term monitoring after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation: How much is enough? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 142(1), 162–165.PubMedCrossRef
451.
Zurück zum Zitat Purerfellner, H., Gillis, A. M., Holbrook, R., & Hettrick, D. A. (2004). Accuracy of atrial tachyarrhythmia detection in implantable devices with arrhythmia therapies. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(7), 983–992.PubMedCrossRef Purerfellner, H., Gillis, A. M., Holbrook, R., & Hettrick, D. A. (2004). Accuracy of atrial tachyarrhythmia detection in implantable devices with arrhythmia therapies. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(7), 983–992.PubMedCrossRef
452.
Zurück zum Zitat Seidl, K., Meisel, E., VanAgt, E., et al. (1998). Is the atrial high rate episode diagnostic feature reliable in detecting paroxysmal episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(4 Pt 1), 694–700.PubMedCrossRef Seidl, K., Meisel, E., VanAgt, E., et al. (1998). Is the atrial high rate episode diagnostic feature reliable in detecting paroxysmal episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(4 Pt 1), 694–700.PubMedCrossRef
453.
Zurück zum Zitat Eitel, C., Husser, D., Hindricks, G., et al. (2011). Performance of an implantable automatic atrial fibrillation detection device: Impact of software adjustments and relevance of manual episode analysis. Europace, 13(4), 480–485.PubMedCrossRef Eitel, C., Husser, D., Hindricks, G., et al. (2011). Performance of an implantable automatic atrial fibrillation detection device: Impact of software adjustments and relevance of manual episode analysis. Europace, 13(4), 480–485.PubMedCrossRef
454.
Zurück zum Zitat Hindricks, G., Pokushalov, E., Urban, L., et al. (2010). Performance of a new leadless implantable cardiac monitor in detecting and quantifying atrial fibrillation: Results of the XPECT trial. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(2), 141–147.PubMedCrossRef Hindricks, G., Pokushalov, E., Urban, L., et al. (2010). Performance of a new leadless implantable cardiac monitor in detecting and quantifying atrial fibrillation: Results of the XPECT trial. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(2), 141–147.PubMedCrossRef
455.
Zurück zum Zitat Schreieck, J., Ndrepepa, G., Zrenner, B., et al. (2002). Radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias using a three-dimensional real-time position management and mapping system. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25(12), 1699–1707.PubMedCrossRef Schreieck, J., Ndrepepa, G., Zrenner, B., et al. (2002). Radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias using a three-dimensional real-time position management and mapping system. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25(12), 1699–1707.PubMedCrossRef
456.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, S. H., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2004). Predictors of early and late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 10(3), 221–226.PubMedCrossRef Lee, S. H., Tai, C. T., Hsieh, M. H., et al. (2004). Predictors of early and late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 10(3), 221–226.PubMedCrossRef
457.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Knight, B. P., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2002). Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(1), 100–104.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Knight, B. P., Ozaydin, M., et al. (2002). Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(1), 100–104.PubMedCrossRef
458.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang, H., Lu, Z., Lei, H., Zhao, D., Yang, B., & Huang, C. (2006). Predictors of early recurrence and delayed cure after segmental pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without structural heart disease. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 15(3), 157–163.PubMedCrossRef Jiang, H., Lu, Z., Lei, H., Zhao, D., Yang, B., & Huang, C. (2006). Predictors of early recurrence and delayed cure after segmental pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without structural heart disease. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 15(3), 157–163.PubMedCrossRef
459.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Donnell, D., Furniss, S. S., Dunuwille, A., & Bourke, J. P. (2003). Delayed cure despite early recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 91(1), 83–85.PubMedCrossRef O’Donnell, D., Furniss, S. S., Dunuwille, A., & Bourke, J. P. (2003). Delayed cure despite early recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 91(1), 83–85.PubMedCrossRef
460.
Zurück zum Zitat Joshi, S., Choi, A. D., Kamath, G. S., et al. (2009). Prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of atrial fibrillation early after pulmonary vein isolation: Findings from 3 months of continuous automatic ECG loop recordings. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1089–1094.PubMedCrossRef Joshi, S., Choi, A. D., Kamath, G. S., et al. (2009). Prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of atrial fibrillation early after pulmonary vein isolation: Findings from 3 months of continuous automatic ECG loop recordings. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1089–1094.PubMedCrossRef
461.
Zurück zum Zitat Leong-Sit, P., Roux, J. F., Zado, E., et al. (2011). Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study): Six-month follow-up study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(1), 11–14.PubMedCrossRef Leong-Sit, P., Roux, J. F., Zado, E., et al. (2011). Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study): Six-month follow-up study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(1), 11–14.PubMedCrossRef
462.
Zurück zum Zitat Baman, T. S., Gupta, S. K., Billakanty, S. R., et al. (2009). Time to cardioversion of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and long-term clinical outcome. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1321–1325.PubMedCrossRef Baman, T. S., Gupta, S. K., Billakanty, S. R., et al. (2009). Time to cardioversion of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and long-term clinical outcome. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1321–1325.PubMedCrossRef
463.
Zurück zum Zitat Chilukuri, K., Dukes, J., Dalal, D., et al. (2010). Outcomes in patients requiring cardioversion following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 27–32.PubMedCrossRef Chilukuri, K., Dukes, J., Dalal, D., et al. (2010). Outcomes in patients requiring cardioversion following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 27–32.PubMedCrossRef
464.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi, J. I., Pak, H. N., Park, J. S., et al. (2010). Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial tachycardia after atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(12), 1331–1337.PubMedCrossRef Choi, J. I., Pak, H. N., Park, J. S., et al. (2010). Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial tachycardia after atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(12), 1331–1337.PubMedCrossRef
465.
Zurück zum Zitat Grubman, E., Pavri, B. B., Lyle, S., Reynolds, C., Denofrio, D., & Kocovic, D. Z. (1999). Histopathologic effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation in previously infarcted human myocardium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10(3), 336–342.PubMedCrossRef Grubman, E., Pavri, B. B., Lyle, S., Reynolds, C., Denofrio, D., & Kocovic, D. Z. (1999). Histopathologic effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation in previously infarcted human myocardium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10(3), 336–342.PubMedCrossRef
466.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanno, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kurano, K., et al. (1994). Histopathology of canine hearts subjected to catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy. Japanese Circulation Journal, 58(2), 123–135.PubMedCrossRef Tanno, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kurano, K., et al. (1994). Histopathology of canine hearts subjected to catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy. Japanese Circulation Journal, 58(2), 123–135.PubMedCrossRef
467.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsieh, M. H., Chiou, C. W., Wen, Z. C., et al. (1999). Alterations of heart rate variability after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation originating from pulmonary veins. Circulation, 100(22), 2237–2243.PubMed Hsieh, M. H., Chiou, C. W., Wen, Z. C., et al. (1999). Alterations of heart rate variability after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation originating from pulmonary veins. Circulation, 100(22), 2237–2243.PubMed
468.
Zurück zum Zitat Fenelon, G., & Brugada, P. (1996). Delayed effects of radiofrequency energy: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 19(4 Pt 1), 484–489.PubMedCrossRef Fenelon, G., & Brugada, P. (1996). Delayed effects of radiofrequency energy: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 19(4 Pt 1), 484–489.PubMedCrossRef
469.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein, L. S., Shih, H. T., Hackett, F. K., Zipes, D. P., & Miles, W. M. (1992). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients without structural heart disease. Circulation, 85(5), 1666–1674.PubMed Klein, L. S., Shih, H. T., Hackett, F. K., Zipes, D. P., & Miles, W. M. (1992). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients without structural heart disease. Circulation, 85(5), 1666–1674.PubMed
470.
Zurück zum Zitat Langberg, J. J., Borganelli, S. M., Kalbfleisch, S. J., Strickberger, S. A., Calkins, H., & Morady, F. (1993). Delayed effects of radiofrequency energy on accessory atrioventricular connections. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 16(5 Pt 1), 1001–1005.PubMedCrossRef Langberg, J. J., Borganelli, S. M., Kalbfleisch, S. J., Strickberger, S. A., Calkins, H., & Morady, F. (1993). Delayed effects of radiofrequency energy on accessory atrioventricular connections. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 16(5 Pt 1), 1001–1005.PubMedCrossRef
471.
Zurück zum Zitat Brooks, A. G., Stiles, M. K., Laborderie, J., et al. (2010). Outcomes of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review. Heart Rhythm, 7(6), 835–846.PubMedCrossRef Brooks, A. G., Stiles, M. K., Laborderie, J., et al. (2010). Outcomes of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review. Heart Rhythm, 7(6), 835–846.PubMedCrossRef
472.
Zurück zum Zitat Chugh, A., Oral, H., Lemola, K., et al. (2005). Prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical significance of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia during and following left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2(5), 464–471.PubMedCrossRef Chugh, A., Oral, H., Lemola, K., et al. (2005). Prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical significance of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia during and following left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2(5), 464–471.PubMedCrossRef
473.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2007). Mapping and ablation of left atrial tachycardias occurring after atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 4(3 Suppl), S65–S72.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2007). Mapping and ablation of left atrial tachycardias occurring after atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm, 4(3 Suppl), S65–S72.PubMedCrossRef
474.
Zurück zum Zitat Villacastin, J., Perez-Castellano, N., Moreno, J., & Gonzalez, R. (2003). Left atrial flutter after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 417–421.PubMedCrossRef Villacastin, J., Perez-Castellano, N., Moreno, J., & Gonzalez, R. (2003). Left atrial flutter after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 417–421.PubMedCrossRef
475.
Zurück zum Zitat Anousheh, R., Sawhney, N. S., Panutich, M., Tate, C., Chen, W. C., & Feld, G. K. (2010). Effect of mitral isthmus block on development of atrial tachycardia following ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(4), 460–468.PubMedCrossRef Anousheh, R., Sawhney, N. S., Panutich, M., Tate, C., Chen, W. C., & Feld, G. K. (2010). Effect of mitral isthmus block on development of atrial tachycardia following ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 33(4), 460–468.PubMedCrossRef
476.
Zurück zum Zitat Chugh, A., Oral, H., Good, E., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of atypical atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia within the coronary sinus after left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(1), 83–91.PubMedCrossRef Chugh, A., Oral, H., Good, E., et al. (2005). Catheter ablation of atypical atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia within the coronary sinus after left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(1), 83–91.PubMedCrossRef
477.
Zurück zum Zitat Deisenhofer, I., Estner, H., Zrenner, B., et al. (2006). Left atrial tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: Incidence, electrophysiological characteristics, and results of radiofrequency ablation. Europace, 8(8), 573–582.PubMedCrossRef Deisenhofer, I., Estner, H., Zrenner, B., et al. (2006). Left atrial tachycardia after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: Incidence, electrophysiological characteristics, and results of radiofrequency ablation. Europace, 8(8), 573–582.PubMedCrossRef
478.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Sauer, W., Jacobson, J., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2005). Reentrant and nonreentrant focal left atrial tachycardias occur after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 2(11), 1195–1202.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Sauer, W., Jacobson, J., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2005). Reentrant and nonreentrant focal left atrial tachycardias occur after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 2(11), 1195–1202.PubMedCrossRef
479.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim, T. W., Koay, C. H., McCall, R., See, V. A., Ross, D. L., & Thomas, S. P. (2008). Atrial arrhythmias after single-ring isolation of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation: Mechanisms and management. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(2), 120–126.PubMedCrossRef Lim, T. W., Koay, C. H., McCall, R., See, V. A., Ross, D. L., & Thomas, S. P. (2008). Atrial arrhythmias after single-ring isolation of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation: Mechanisms and management. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(2), 120–126.PubMedCrossRef
480.
Zurück zum Zitat Oral, H., Knight, B. P., & Morady, F. (2003). Left atrial flutter after segmental ostial radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(6), 1417–1419.PubMedCrossRef Oral, H., Knight, B. P., & Morady, F. (2003). Left atrial flutter after segmental ostial radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(6), 1417–1419.PubMedCrossRef
481.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, S. P., Wallace, E. M., & Ross, D. L. (2000). The effect of a residual isthmus of surviving tissue on conduction after linear ablation in atrial myocardium. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 4(1), 273–281.PubMedCrossRef Thomas, S. P., Wallace, E. M., & Ross, D. L. (2000). The effect of a residual isthmus of surviving tissue on conduction after linear ablation in atrial myocardium. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 4(1), 273–281.PubMedCrossRef
482.
Zurück zum Zitat Jais, P., Sanders, P., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2006). Flutter localized to the anterior left atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(3), 279–285.PubMedCrossRef Jais, P., Sanders, P., Hsu, L. F., et al. (2006). Flutter localized to the anterior left atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(3), 279–285.PubMedCrossRef
483.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, A. M. (2008). d’Avila A, Neuzil P, et al. Atrial tachycardia after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Identification of the critical isthmus with a combination of multielectrode activation mapping and targeted entrainment mapping. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. Apr, 1(1), 14–22. Patel, A. M. (2008). d’Avila A, Neuzil P, et al. Atrial tachycardia after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Identification of the critical isthmus with a combination of multielectrode activation mapping and targeted entrainment mapping. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. Apr, 1(1), 14–22.
484.
Zurück zum Zitat Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D., Dixit, S., et al. (2003). Efficacy and safety of targeted focal ablation versus PV isolation assisted by magnetic electroanatomic mapping. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 358–365.PubMedCrossRef Marchlinski, F. E., Callans, D., Dixit, S., et al. (2003). Efficacy and safety of targeted focal ablation versus PV isolation assisted by magnetic electroanatomic mapping. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 358–365.PubMedCrossRef
485.
Zurück zum Zitat Roux, J. F., Zado, E., Callans, D. J., et al. (2009). Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (5A Study). Circulation, 120(12), 1036–1040.PubMedCrossRef Roux, J. F., Zado, E., Callans, D. J., et al. (2009). Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (5A Study). Circulation, 120(12), 1036–1040.PubMedCrossRef
486.
Zurück zum Zitat Tayebjee, M. H., Creta, A., Moder, S., et al. (2010). Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on long-term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(11), 1537–1542.PubMedCrossRef Tayebjee, M. H., Creta, A., Moder, S., et al. (2010). Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on long-term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(11), 1537–1542.PubMedCrossRef
487.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer, A. C., & Imig, C. J. (1959). Blood flow through human forearm following different types, intensities, and durations of exercise. American Journal of Physical Medicine, 38(2), 48–52.PubMed Bauer, A. C., & Imig, C. J. (1959). Blood flow through human forearm following different types, intensities, and durations of exercise. American Journal of Physical Medicine, 38(2), 48–52.PubMed
488.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Dixit, S., Zado, E., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2003). Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for ablation strategies. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(7), 685–690.PubMedCrossRef Gerstenfeld, E. P., Callans, D. J., Dixit, S., Zado, E., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2003). Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for ablation strategies. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(7), 685–690.PubMedCrossRef
489.
Zurück zum Zitat Nanthakumar, K., Plumb, V. J., Epstein, A. E., Veenhuyzen, G. D., Link, D., & Kay, G. N. (2004). Resumption of electrical conduction in previously isolated pulmonary veins: Rationale for a different strategy? Circulation, 109(10), 1226–1229.PubMedCrossRef Nanthakumar, K., Plumb, V. J., Epstein, A. E., Veenhuyzen, G. D., Link, D., & Kay, G. N. (2004). Resumption of electrical conduction in previously isolated pulmonary veins: Rationale for a different strategy? Circulation, 109(10), 1226–1229.PubMedCrossRef
490.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer, A., Deisenhofer, I., Schneider, R., et al. (2006). Effects of circumferential or segmental pulmonary vein ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on cardiac autonomic function. Heart Rhythm, 3(12), 1428–1435.PubMedCrossRef Bauer, A., Deisenhofer, I., Schneider, R., et al. (2006). Effects of circumferential or segmental pulmonary vein ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on cardiac autonomic function. Heart Rhythm, 3(12), 1428–1435.PubMedCrossRef
491.
Zurück zum Zitat Scanavacca, M., Pisani, C. F., Hachul, D., et al. (2006). Selective atrial vagal denervation guided by evoked vagal reflex to treat patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 114(9), 876–885.PubMedCrossRef Scanavacca, M., Pisani, C. F., Hachul, D., et al. (2006). Selective atrial vagal denervation guided by evoked vagal reflex to treat patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 114(9), 876–885.PubMedCrossRef
492.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhargava, M., Di Biase, L., Mohanty, P., et al. (2009). Impact of type of atrial fibrillation and repeat catheter ablation on long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation: Results from a multicenter study. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1403–1412.PubMedCrossRef Bhargava, M., Di Biase, L., Mohanty, P., et al. (2009). Impact of type of atrial fibrillation and repeat catheter ablation on long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation: Results from a multicenter study. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1403–1412.PubMedCrossRef
493.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaita, F., Caponi, D., Scaglione, M., et al. (2008). Long-term clinical results of 2 different ablation strategies in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(4), 269–275.PubMedCrossRef Gaita, F., Caponi, D., Scaglione, M., et al. (2008). Long-term clinical results of 2 different ablation strategies in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(4), 269–275.PubMedCrossRef
494.
Zurück zum Zitat Katritsis, D., Wood, M. A., Giazitzoglou, E., Shepard, R. K., Kourlaba, G., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2008). Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 10(4), 419–424.PubMedCrossRef Katritsis, D., Wood, M. A., Giazitzoglou, E., Shepard, R. K., Kourlaba, G., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2008). Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 10(4), 419–424.PubMedCrossRef
495.
Zurück zum Zitat Medi, C., Sparks, P. B., Morton, J. B., et al. (2011). Pulmonary vein antral isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from long-term follow-up. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(2), 137–141.PubMedCrossRef Medi, C., Sparks, P. B., Morton, J. B., et al. (2011). Pulmonary vein antral isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from long-term follow-up. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(2), 137–141.PubMedCrossRef
496.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, A. N., Mittal, S., Sichrovsky, T. C., et al. (2008). Long-term outcome following successful pulmonary vein isolation: Pattern and prediction of very late recurrence. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 661–667.PubMedCrossRef Shah, A. N., Mittal, S., Sichrovsky, T. C., et al. (2008). Long-term outcome following successful pulmonary vein isolation: Pattern and prediction of very late recurrence. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 661–667.PubMedCrossRef
497.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzou, W. S., Marchlinski, F. E., Zado, E. S., et al. (2010). Long-term outcome after successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 237–242.PubMedCrossRef Tzou, W. S., Marchlinski, F. E., Zado, E. S., et al. (2010). Long-term outcome after successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(3), 237–242.PubMedCrossRef
498.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly, S. J., Ezekowitz, M. D., Yusuf, S., et al. (2009). Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 361(12), 1139–1151.PubMedCrossRef Connolly, S. J., Ezekowitz, M. D., Yusuf, S., et al. (2009). Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 361(12), 1139–1151.PubMedCrossRef
499.
Zurück zum Zitat Daoud, E. G., Glotzer, T. V., Wyse, D. G., et al. (2011). Temporal relationship of atrial tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: A subgroup analysis of TRENDS. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1416–1423.PubMedCrossRef Daoud, E. G., Glotzer, T. V., Wyse, D. G., et al. (2011). Temporal relationship of atrial tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: A subgroup analysis of TRENDS. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1416–1423.PubMedCrossRef
500.
Zurück zum Zitat Wokhlu, A., Monahan, K. H., Hodge, D. O., et al. (2010). Long-term quality of life after ablation of atrial fibrillation the impact of recurrence, symptom relief, and placebo effect. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(21), 2308–2316.PubMedCrossRef Wokhlu, A., Monahan, K. H., Hodge, D. O., et al. (2010). Long-term quality of life after ablation of atrial fibrillation the impact of recurrence, symptom relief, and placebo effect. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(21), 2308–2316.PubMedCrossRef
501.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao, T. F., Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2011). CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Scores in the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(23), 2380–2385.PubMedCrossRef Chao, T. F., Lin, Y. J., Tsao, H. M., et al. (2011). CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Scores in the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(23), 2380–2385.PubMedCrossRef
502.
Zurück zum Zitat Krittayaphong, R., Raungrattanaamporn, O., Bhuripanyo, K., et al. (2003). A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation and amiodarone in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 86(Suppl 1), S8–S16.PubMed Krittayaphong, R., Raungrattanaamporn, O., Bhuripanyo, K., et al. (2003). A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation and amiodarone in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 86(Suppl 1), S8–S16.PubMed
503.
Zurück zum Zitat Noheria, A., Kumar, A., Wylie, J. V., Jr., & Josephson, M. E. (2008). Catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(6), 581–586.PubMedCrossRef Noheria, A., Kumar, A., Wylie, J. V., Jr., & Josephson, M. E. (2008). Catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(6), 581–586.PubMedCrossRef
504.
Zurück zum Zitat Stabile, G., Bertaglia, E., Senatore, G., et al. (2006). Catheter ablation treatment in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation: A prospective, multi-centre, randomized, controlled study (Catheter Ablation For The Cure Of Atrial Fibrillation Study). European Heart Journal, 27(2), 216–221.PubMedCrossRef Stabile, G., Bertaglia, E., Senatore, G., et al. (2006). Catheter ablation treatment in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation: A prospective, multi-centre, randomized, controlled study (Catheter Ablation For The Cure Of Atrial Fibrillation Study). European Heart Journal, 27(2), 216–221.PubMedCrossRef
505.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilber, D. J., Pappone, C., Neuzil, P., et al. (2010). Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(4), 333–340.PubMedCrossRef Wilber, D. J., Pappone, C., Neuzil, P., et al. (2010). Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(4), 333–340.PubMedCrossRef
506.
Zurück zum Zitat Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2010). Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(1), 32–38.PubMedCrossRef Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2010). Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(1), 32–38.PubMedCrossRef
507.
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds, M. R., Walczak, J., White, S. A., Cohen, D. J., & Wilber, D. J. (2010). Improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 3(6), 615–623.PubMedCrossRef Reynolds, M. R., Walczak, J., White, S. A., Cohen, D. J., & Wilber, D. J. (2010). Improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 3(6), 615–623.PubMedCrossRef
508.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonanno, C., Paccanaro, M., La Vecchia, L., Ometto, R., & Fontanelli, A. (2010). Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.), 11(6), 408–418.CrossRef Bonanno, C., Paccanaro, M., La Vecchia, L., Ometto, R., & Fontanelli, A. (2010). Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.), 11(6), 408–418.CrossRef
509.
Zurück zum Zitat Nair, G. M., Nery, P. B., Diwakaramenon, S., Healey, J. S., Connolly, S. J., & Morillo, C. A. (2009). A systematic review of randomized trials comparing radiofrequency ablation with antiarrhythmic medications in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(2), 138–144.PubMedCrossRef Nair, G. M., Nery, P. B., Diwakaramenon, S., Healey, J. S., Connolly, S. J., & Morillo, C. A. (2009). A systematic review of randomized trials comparing radiofrequency ablation with antiarrhythmic medications in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(2), 138–144.PubMedCrossRef
510.
Zurück zum Zitat Parkash, R., Tang, A. S., Sapp, J. L., & Wells, G. (2011). Approach to the catheter ablation technique of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(7), 729–738. Parkash, R., Tang, A. S., Sapp, J. L., & Wells, G. (2011). Approach to the catheter ablation technique of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(7), 729–738.
511.
Zurück zum Zitat Piccini, J. P., Lopes, R. D., Kong, M. H., Hasselblad, V., Jackson, K., & Al-Khatib, S. M. (2009). Pulmonary vein isolation for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 626–633.PubMedCrossRef Piccini, J. P., Lopes, R. D., Kong, M. H., Hasselblad, V., Jackson, K., & Al-Khatib, S. M. (2009). Pulmonary vein isolation for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(6), 626–633.PubMedCrossRef
512.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins, H., Reynolds, M. R., Spector, P., et al. (2009). Treatment of atrial fibrillation with antiarrhythmic drugs or radiofrequency ablation: Two systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 349–361.PubMedCrossRef Calkins, H., Reynolds, M. R., Spector, P., et al. (2009). Treatment of atrial fibrillation with antiarrhythmic drugs or radiofrequency ablation: Two systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 349–361.PubMedCrossRef
513.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayward, R. M., Upadhyay, G. A., Mela, T., et al. (2011). Pulmonary vein isolation with complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation for paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 994–1000.PubMedCrossRef Hayward, R. M., Upadhyay, G. A., Mela, T., et al. (2011). Pulmonary vein isolation with complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation for paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 994–1000.PubMedCrossRef
514.
Zurück zum Zitat Kong, M. H., Piccini, J. P., & Bahnson, T. D. (2011). Efficacy of adjunctive ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms and pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Europace, 13(2), 193–204.PubMedCrossRef Kong, M. H., Piccini, J. P., & Bahnson, T. D. (2011). Efficacy of adjunctive ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms and pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Europace, 13(2), 193–204.PubMedCrossRef
515.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, W. J., Bai, Y. Y., Zhang, H. Y., et al. (2011). Additional ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 143–148.PubMedCrossRef Li, W. J., Bai, Y. Y., Zhang, H. Y., et al. (2011). Additional ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(2), 143–148.PubMedCrossRef
516.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt, H., Nazarian, S., Alhumaid, F., Dalal, D., Chilukuri, K., Spragg, D., et al. (2011). Demographic profile of patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(9), 994–998. Hoyt, H., Nazarian, S., Alhumaid, F., Dalal, D., Chilukuri, K., Spragg, D., et al. (2011). Demographic profile of patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22(9), 994–998.
517.
Zurück zum Zitat Tilz, R. R., Chun, K. R., Schmidt, B., et al. (2010). Catheter ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: A lesson from circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(10), 1085–1093.PubMedCrossRef Tilz, R. R., Chun, K. R., Schmidt, B., et al. (2010). Catheter ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: A lesson from circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(10), 1085–1093.PubMedCrossRef
518.
Zurück zum Zitat Corrado, A., Patel, D., Riedlbauchova, L., et al. (2008). Efficacy, safety, and outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation in septuagenarians. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(8), 807–811.PubMedCrossRef Corrado, A., Patel, D., Riedlbauchova, L., et al. (2008). Efficacy, safety, and outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation in septuagenarians. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(8), 807–811.PubMedCrossRef
519.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu, L. F., Jais, P., Sanders, P., et al. (2004). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(23), 2373–2383.PubMedCrossRef Hsu, L. F., Jais, P., Sanders, P., et al. (2004). Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(23), 2373–2383.PubMedCrossRef
520.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan, M. N., Jais, P., Cummings, J., et al. (2008). Pulmonary-vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359(17), 1778–1785.PubMedCrossRef Khan, M. N., Jais, P., Cummings, J., et al. (2008). Pulmonary-vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359(17), 1778–1785.PubMedCrossRef
521.
Zurück zum Zitat De Potter, T., Berruezo, A., Mont, L., et al. (2010). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction by itself does not influence outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 12(1), 24–29.PubMedCrossRef De Potter, T., Berruezo, A., Mont, L., et al. (2010). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction by itself does not influence outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 12(1), 24–29.PubMedCrossRef
522.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilton, S. B., Fundytus, A., Ghali, W. A., et al. (2010). Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with versus without left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The American Journal of Cardiology, 106(9), 1284–1291.PubMedCrossRef Wilton, S. B., Fundytus, A., Ghali, W. A., et al. (2010). Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with versus without left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The American Journal of Cardiology, 106(9), 1284–1291.PubMedCrossRef
523.
Zurück zum Zitat Kojodjojo, P., O’Neill, M. D., Lim, P. B., et al. (2010). Pulmonary venous isolation by antral ablation with a large cryoballoon for treatment of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: Medium-term outcomes and non-randomised comparison with pulmonary venous isolation by radiofrequency ablation. Heart, 96(17), 1379–1384.PubMedCrossRef Kojodjojo, P., O’Neill, M. D., Lim, P. B., et al. (2010). Pulmonary venous isolation by antral ablation with a large cryoballoon for treatment of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: Medium-term outcomes and non-randomised comparison with pulmonary venous isolation by radiofrequency ablation. Heart, 96(17), 1379–1384.PubMedCrossRef
524.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuhne, M., Suter, Y., Altmann, D., et al. (2010). Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Biomarkers of myocardial injury, recurrence rates, and pulmonary vein reconnection patterns. Heart Rhythm, 7(12), 1770–1776.PubMedCrossRef Kuhne, M., Suter, Y., Altmann, D., et al. (2010). Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Biomarkers of myocardial injury, recurrence rates, and pulmonary vein reconnection patterns. Heart Rhythm, 7(12), 1770–1776.PubMedCrossRef
525.
Zurück zum Zitat Linhart, M., Bellmann, B., Mittmann-Braun, E., et al. (2009). Comparison of cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary veins in 40 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A case-control study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1343–1348.PubMedCrossRef Linhart, M., Bellmann, B., Mittmann-Braun, E., et al. (2009). Comparison of cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary veins in 40 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A case-control study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(12), 1343–1348.PubMedCrossRef
526.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorian, P., Jung, W., Newman, D., et al. (2000). The impairment of health-related quality of life in patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation: Implications for the assessment of investigational therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(4), 1303–1309.PubMedCrossRef Dorian, P., Jung, W., Newman, D., et al. (2000). The impairment of health-related quality of life in patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation: Implications for the assessment of investigational therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(4), 1303–1309.PubMedCrossRef
527.
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds, M. R., Ellis, E., & Zimetbaum, P. (2008). Quality of life in atrial fibrillation: Measurement tools and impact of interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 762–768.PubMedCrossRef Reynolds, M. R., Ellis, E., & Zimetbaum, P. (2008). Quality of life in atrial fibrillation: Measurement tools and impact of interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(7), 762–768.PubMedCrossRef
528.
Zurück zum Zitat Ware, J., Snow, K., Kosinski, M., & Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center. Ware, J., Snow, K., Kosinski, M., & Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center.
529.
Zurück zum Zitat Bubien, R. S., Knotts-Dolson, S. M., Plumb, V. J., & Kay, G. N. (1996). Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation on health-related quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with recurrent arrhythmias. Circulation, 94(7), 1585–1591.PubMed Bubien, R. S., Knotts-Dolson, S. M., Plumb, V. J., & Kay, G. N. (1996). Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation on health-related quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with recurrent arrhythmias. Circulation, 94(7), 1585–1591.PubMed
530.
Zurück zum Zitat Thrall, G., Lane, D., Carroll, D., & Lip, G. Y. (2006). Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. American Journal of Medicine, 119(5), 448.e1–448.e19.CrossRef Thrall, G., Lane, D., Carroll, D., & Lip, G. Y. (2006). Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. American Journal of Medicine, 119(5), 448.e1–448.e19.CrossRef
531.
Zurück zum Zitat Berkowitsch, A., Neumann, T., Kurzidim, K., et al. (2003). Comparison of generic health survey SF-36 and arrhythmia related symptom severity check list in relation to post-therapy AF recurrence. Europace, 5(4), 351–355.PubMedCrossRef Berkowitsch, A., Neumann, T., Kurzidim, K., et al. (2003). Comparison of generic health survey SF-36 and arrhythmia related symptom severity check list in relation to post-therapy AF recurrence. Europace, 5(4), 351–355.PubMedCrossRef
532.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof, P., Auricchio, A., Bax, J., et al. (2007). Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. European Heart Journal, 28(22), 2803–2817.PubMedCrossRef Kirchhof, P., Auricchio, A., Bax, J., et al. (2007). Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. European Heart Journal, 28(22), 2803–2817.PubMedCrossRef
533.
Zurück zum Zitat Spertus, J., Dorian, P., Bubien, R., et al. (2011). Development and validation of the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) Questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(1), 15–25.PubMedCrossRef Spertus, J., Dorian, P., Bubien, R., et al. (2011). Development and validation of the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) Questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(1), 15–25.PubMedCrossRef
534.
Zurück zum Zitat Fichtner, S., Deisenhofer, I., Kindsmuller, S., Dzijan-Horn, M., Tzeis, S., Reents, T., et al. (2012). Prospective assessment of short- and long-term quality of life after ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 23(2), 121–127. Fichtner, S., Deisenhofer, I., Kindsmuller, S., Dzijan-Horn, M., Tzeis, S., Reents, T., et al. (2012). Prospective assessment of short- and long-term quality of life after ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 23(2), 121–127.
535.
Zurück zum Zitat Ausma, J., Litjens, N., Lenders, M. H., et al. (2001). Time course of atrial fibrillation-induced cellular structural remodeling in atria of the goat. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 33(12), 2083–2094.PubMedCrossRef Ausma, J., Litjens, N., Lenders, M. H., et al. (2001). Time course of atrial fibrillation-induced cellular structural remodeling in atria of the goat. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 33(12), 2083–2094.PubMedCrossRef
536.
Zurück zum Zitat Wijffels, M. C., Kirchhof, C. J., Dorland, R., Power, J., & Allessie, M. A. (1997). Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: Roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation. Circulation, 96(10), 3710–3720.PubMed Wijffels, M. C., Kirchhof, C. J., Dorland, R., Power, J., & Allessie, M. A. (1997). Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: Roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation. Circulation, 96(10), 3710–3720.PubMed
537.
Zurück zum Zitat Jayam, V. K., Dong, J., Vasamreddy, C. R., et al. (2005). Atrial volume reduction following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and relation to reduction in pulmonary vein size: An evaluation using magnetic resonance angiography. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(2), 107–114.PubMedCrossRef Jayam, V. K., Dong, J., Vasamreddy, C. R., et al. (2005). Atrial volume reduction following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and relation to reduction in pulmonary vein size: An evaluation using magnetic resonance angiography. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 13(2), 107–114.PubMedCrossRef
538.
Zurück zum Zitat Scharf, C., Sneider, M., Case, I., et al. (2003). Anatomy of the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation and effects of segmental ostial ablation analyzed by computed tomography. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(2), 150–155.PubMedCrossRef Scharf, C., Sneider, M., Case, I., et al. (2003). Anatomy of the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation and effects of segmental ostial ablation analyzed by computed tomography. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(2), 150–155.PubMedCrossRef
539.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Huang, B. H., et al. (2005). Morphologic remodeling of pulmonary veins and left atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Insight from long-term follow-up of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(1), 7–12.PubMedCrossRef Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Huang, B. H., et al. (2005). Morphologic remodeling of pulmonary veins and left atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Insight from long-term follow-up of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(1), 7–12.PubMedCrossRef
540.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemola, K., Desjardins, B., Sneider, M., et al. (2005). Effect of left atrial circumferential ablation for atrial fibrillation on left atrial transport function. Heart Rhythm, 2(9), 923–928.PubMedCrossRef Lemola, K., Desjardins, B., Sneider, M., et al. (2005). Effect of left atrial circumferential ablation for atrial fibrillation on left atrial transport function. Heart Rhythm, 2(9), 923–928.PubMedCrossRef
541.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma, A., Kilicaslan, F., Adams, J. R., et al. (2006). Extensive ablation during pulmonary vein antrum isolation has no adverse impact on left atrial function: An echocardiography and cine computed tomography analysis. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(7), 741–746.PubMedCrossRef Verma, A., Kilicaslan, F., Adams, J. R., et al. (2006). Extensive ablation during pulmonary vein antrum isolation has no adverse impact on left atrial function: An echocardiography and cine computed tomography analysis. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(7), 741–746.PubMedCrossRef
542.
Zurück zum Zitat Gibson, D. N., Di Biase, L., Mohanty, P., et al. (2011). Stiff left atrial syndrome after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Clinical characterization, prevalence, and predictors. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1364–1371.PubMedCrossRef Gibson, D. N., Di Biase, L., Mohanty, P., et al. (2011). Stiff left atrial syndrome after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Clinical characterization, prevalence, and predictors. Heart Rhythm, 8(9), 1364–1371.PubMedCrossRef
543.
Zurück zum Zitat Balk, E. M., Garlitski, A. C., Alsheikh-Ali, A. A., Terasawa, T., Chung, M., & Ip, S. (2010). Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A systematic review. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1208–1216.PubMedCrossRef Balk, E. M., Garlitski, A. C., Alsheikh-Ali, A. A., Terasawa, T., Chung, M., & Ip, S. (2010). Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A systematic review. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(11), 1208–1216.PubMedCrossRef
544.
Zurück zum Zitat Berruezo, A., Tamborero, D., Mont, L., et al. (2007). Pre-procedural predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation. European Heart Journal, 28(7), 836–841.PubMedCrossRef Berruezo, A., Tamborero, D., Mont, L., et al. (2007). Pre-procedural predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation. European Heart Journal, 28(7), 836–841.PubMedCrossRef
545.
Zurück zum Zitat McCready, J. W., Smedley, T., Lambiase, P. D., et al. (2011). Predictors of recurrence following radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace, 13(3), 355–361.PubMedCrossRef McCready, J. W., Smedley, T., Lambiase, P. D., et al. (2011). Predictors of recurrence following radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace, 13(3), 355–361.PubMedCrossRef
546.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg, A., Menen, M., Mickelsen, S., et al. (2003). Atrial fibrillation ablation leads to long-term improvement of quality of life and reduced utilization of healthcare resources. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 8(1), 59–64.PubMedCrossRef Goldberg, A., Menen, M., Mickelsen, S., et al. (2003). Atrial fibrillation ablation leads to long-term improvement of quality of life and reduced utilization of healthcare resources. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 8(1), 59–64.PubMedCrossRef
547.
Zurück zum Zitat Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., Le Heuzey, J. Y., et al. (2003). Cost analysis of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(1 Pt 2), 292–294.PubMedCrossRef Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., Le Heuzey, J. Y., et al. (2003). Cost analysis of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(1 Pt 2), 292–294.PubMedCrossRef
548.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan, P. S., Vijan, S., Morady, F., & Oral, H. (2006). Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(12), 2513–2520.PubMedCrossRef Chan, P. S., Vijan, S., Morady, F., & Oral, H. (2006). Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(12), 2513–2520.PubMedCrossRef
549.
Zurück zum Zitat Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2009). Prevalence and causes of fatal outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(19), 1798–1803.PubMedCrossRef Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S. A., et al. (2009). Prevalence and causes of fatal outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(19), 1798–1803.PubMedCrossRef
550.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Asirvatham, S. J., Friedman, P. A., et al. (2005). Outcomes after cardiac perforation during radiofrequency ablation of the atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1172–1179.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Asirvatham, S. J., Friedman, P. A., et al. (2005). Outcomes after cardiac perforation during radiofrequency ablation of the atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(11), 1172–1179.PubMedCrossRef
551.
Zurück zum Zitat Eick, O. J., Gerritse, B., & Schumacher, B. (2000). Popping phenomena in temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation: When and why do they occur? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 23(2), 253–258.PubMedCrossRef Eick, O. J., Gerritse, B., & Schumacher, B. (2000). Popping phenomena in temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation: When and why do they occur? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 23(2), 253–258.PubMedCrossRef
552.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, J. D., Kim, S. G., Ferrick, K. J., Gross, J. N., Goldberger, M. H., & Nanna, M. (2000). Internal transcardiac pericardiocentesis for acute tamponade. The American Journal of Cardiology, 86(12), 1388–1389. A1386.PubMedCrossRef Fisher, J. D., Kim, S. G., Ferrick, K. J., Gross, J. N., Goldberger, M. H., & Nanna, M. (2000). Internal transcardiac pericardiocentesis for acute tamponade. The American Journal of Cardiology, 86(12), 1388–1389. A1386.PubMedCrossRef
553.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu, L. F., Jais, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Incidence and prevention of cardiac tamponade complicating ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S106–S109.PubMedCrossRef Hsu, L. F., Jais, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Incidence and prevention of cardiac tamponade complicating ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S106–S109.PubMedCrossRef
554.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu, L. F., Scavee, C., Jais, P., Hocini, M., & Haissaguerre, M. (2003). Transcardiac pericardiocentesis: An emergency life-saving technique for cardiac tamponade. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(9), 1001–1003.PubMedCrossRef Hsu, L. F., Scavee, C., Jais, P., Hocini, M., & Haissaguerre, M. (2003). Transcardiac pericardiocentesis: An emergency life-saving technique for cardiac tamponade. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(9), 1001–1003.PubMedCrossRef
555.
Zurück zum Zitat Capatto, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S.-A., et al. (2011) Delayed cardiac tamponade after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A worldwide report. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(25), 2696–2697. Capatto, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S.-A., et al. (2011) Delayed cardiac tamponade after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A worldwide report. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(25), 2696–2697.
556.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsang, T. S., Enriquez-Sarano, M., Freeman, W. K., et al. (2002). Consecutive 1127 therapeutic echocardiographically guided pericardiocenteses: Clinical profile, practice patterns, and outcomes spanning 21 years. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 77(5), 429–436.PubMed Tsang, T. S., Enriquez-Sarano, M., Freeman, W. K., et al. (2002). Consecutive 1127 therapeutic echocardiographically guided pericardiocenteses: Clinical profile, practice patterns, and outcomes spanning 21 years. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 77(5), 429–436.PubMed
557.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill, M. D., Jais, P., Derval, N., Hocini, M., & Haissaguerre, M. (2008). Two techniques to avoid surgery for cardiac tamponade occurring during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 323–325.PubMedCrossRef O’Neill, M. D., Jais, P., Derval, N., Hocini, M., & Haissaguerre, M. (2008). Two techniques to avoid surgery for cardiac tamponade occurring during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(3), 323–325.PubMedCrossRef
558.
Zurück zum Zitat Latchamsetty, R., Gautam, S., Bhakta, D., et al. (2011). Management and outcomes of cardiac tamponade during atrial fibrillation ablation in the presence of therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. Heart Rhythm, 8(6), 805–808.PubMedCrossRef Latchamsetty, R., Gautam, S., Bhakta, D., et al. (2011). Management and outcomes of cardiac tamponade during atrial fibrillation ablation in the presence of therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. Heart Rhythm, 8(6), 805–808.PubMedCrossRef
559.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst, S., Ouyang, F., Goya, M., et al. (2003). Total pulmonary vein occlusion as a consequence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation mimicking primary lung disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 366–370.PubMedCrossRef Ernst, S., Ouyang, F., Goya, M., et al. (2003). Total pulmonary vein occlusion as a consequence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation mimicking primary lung disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(4), 366–370.PubMedCrossRef
560.
Zurück zum Zitat Katz, E. S., Tsiamtsiouris, T., Applebaum, R. M., Schwartzbard, A., Tunick, P. A., & Kronzon, I. (2000). Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is frequently incomplete: A transesophageal echocardiograhic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(2), 468–471.PubMedCrossRef Katz, E. S., Tsiamtsiouris, T., Applebaum, R. M., Schwartzbard, A., Tunick, P. A., & Kronzon, I. (2000). Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is frequently incomplete: A transesophageal echocardiograhic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(2), 468–471.PubMedCrossRef
561.
Zurück zum Zitat Packer, D. L., Keelan, P., Munger, T. M., et al. (2005). Clinical presentation, investigation, and management of pulmonary vein stenosis complicating ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 111(5), 546–554.PubMedCrossRef Packer, D. L., Keelan, P., Munger, T. M., et al. (2005). Clinical presentation, investigation, and management of pulmonary vein stenosis complicating ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 111(5), 546–554.PubMedCrossRef
562.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor, G. W., Kay, G. N., Zheng, X., Bishop, S., & Ideker, R. E. (2000). Pathological effects of extensive radiofrequency energy applications in the pulmonary veins in dogs. Circulation, 101(14), 1736–1742.PubMed Taylor, G. W., Kay, G. N., Zheng, X., Bishop, S., & Ideker, R. E. (2000). Pathological effects of extensive radiofrequency energy applications in the pulmonary veins in dogs. Circulation, 101(14), 1736–1742.PubMed
563.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, D. (2011). Katus HA. Voss F. Asymptomatic pulmonary vein stenosis after cryoballoon catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Electrocardiol. Jul-Aug, 44(4), 473–476. Thomas, D. (2011). Katus HA. Voss F. Asymptomatic pulmonary vein stenosis after cryoballoon catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Electrocardiol. Jul-Aug, 44(4), 473–476.
564.
Zurück zum Zitat Dill, T., Neumann, T., Ekinci, O., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein diameter reduction after radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation evaluated by contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 107(6), 845–850.PubMedCrossRef Dill, T., Neumann, T., Ekinci, O., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein diameter reduction after radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation evaluated by contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 107(6), 845–850.PubMedCrossRef
565.
Zurück zum Zitat Jin, Y., Ross, D. L., & Thomas, S. P. (2004). Pulmonary vein stenosis and remodeling after electrical isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Short- and medium-term follow-up. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(10), 1362–1370.PubMedCrossRef Jin, Y., Ross, D. L., & Thomas, S. P. (2004). Pulmonary vein stenosis and remodeling after electrical isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Short- and medium-term follow-up. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(10), 1362–1370.PubMedCrossRef
566.
Zurück zum Zitat Baranowski, B., & Saliba, W. (2011). Our approach to management of patients with pulmonary vein stenosis following AF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(3), 364–367.PubMedCrossRef Baranowski, B., & Saliba, W. (2011). Our approach to management of patients with pulmonary vein stenosis following AF ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22(3), 364–367.PubMedCrossRef
567.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumann, T., Kuniss, M., Conradi, G., et al. (2009). Pulmonary vein stenting for the treatment of acquired severe pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein isolation: Clinical implications after long-term follow-up of 4 years. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(3), 251–257.PubMedCrossRef Neumann, T., Kuniss, M., Conradi, G., et al. (2009). Pulmonary vein stenting for the treatment of acquired severe pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein isolation: Clinical implications after long-term follow-up of 4 years. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(3), 251–257.PubMedCrossRef
568.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho, S. Y., Cabrera, J. A., & Sanchez-Quintana, D. (2006). Vagaries of the vagus nerve: Relevance to ablationists. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(3), 330–331.PubMedCrossRef Ho, S. Y., Cabrera, J. A., & Sanchez-Quintana, D. (2006). Vagaries of the vagus nerve: Relevance to ablationists. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(3), 330–331.PubMedCrossRef
569.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Higa, S., et al. (2005). Anatomic relationship of the esophagus and left atrium: Implication for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Chest, 128(4), 2581–2587.PubMedCrossRef Tsao, H. M., Wu, M. H., Higa, S., et al. (2005). Anatomic relationship of the esophagus and left atrium: Implication for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Chest, 128(4), 2581–2587.PubMedCrossRef
570.
Zurück zum Zitat Ueno, T., Uemura, K., Harris, M. B., Pappas, T. N., & Takahashi, T. (2005). Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 288(3), G487–G495.PubMedCrossRef Ueno, T., Uemura, K., Harris, M. B., Pappas, T. N., & Takahashi, T. (2005). Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 288(3), G487–G495.PubMedCrossRef
571.
Zurück zum Zitat Cury, R. C., Abbara, S., Schmidt, S., et al. (2005). Relationship of the esophagus and aorta to the left atrium and pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2(12), 1317–1323.PubMedCrossRef Cury, R. C., Abbara, S., Schmidt, S., et al. (2005). Relationship of the esophagus and aorta to the left atrium and pulmonary veins: Implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2(12), 1317–1323.PubMedCrossRef
572.
Zurück zum Zitat Borchert, B., Lawrenz, T., Hansky, B., & Stellbrink, C. (2008). Lethal atrioesophageal fistula after pulmonary vein isolation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Heart Rhythm, 5(1), 145–148.PubMedCrossRef Borchert, B., Lawrenz, T., Hansky, B., & Stellbrink, C. (2008). Lethal atrioesophageal fistula after pulmonary vein isolation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Heart Rhythm, 5(1), 145–148.PubMedCrossRef
573.
Zurück zum Zitat Doll, N., Borger, M. A., Fabricius, A., et al. (2003). Esophageal perforation during left atrial radiofrequency ablation: Is the risk too high? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 125(4), 836–842.PubMedCrossRef Doll, N., Borger, M. A., Fabricius, A., et al. (2003). Esophageal perforation during left atrial radiofrequency ablation: Is the risk too high? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 125(4), 836–842.PubMedCrossRef
574.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilcrease, G. W., & Stein, J. B. (2010). A delayed case of fatal atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 708–711.PubMedCrossRef Gilcrease, G. W., & Stein, J. B. (2010). A delayed case of fatal atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(6), 708–711.PubMedCrossRef
575.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillinov, A. M., Pettersson, G., & Rice, T. W. (2001). Esophageal injury during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 122(6), 1239–1240.PubMedCrossRef Gillinov, A. M., Pettersson, G., & Rice, T. W. (2001). Esophageal injury during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 122(6), 1239–1240.PubMedCrossRef
576.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohr, F. W., Fabricius, A. M., Falk, V., et al. (2002). Curative treatment of atrial fibrillation with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation: Short-term and midterm results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 123(5), 919–927.PubMedCrossRef Mohr, F. W., Fabricius, A. M., Falk, V., et al. (2002). Curative treatment of atrial fibrillation with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation: Short-term and midterm results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 123(5), 919–927.PubMedCrossRef
577.
Zurück zum Zitat Scanavacca, M. I., D’Avila, A., Parga, J., & Sosa, E. (2004). Left atrial-esophageal fistula following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(8), 960–962.PubMedCrossRef Scanavacca, M. I., D’Avila, A., Parga, J., & Sosa, E. (2004). Left atrial-esophageal fistula following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(8), 960–962.PubMedCrossRef
578.
Zurück zum Zitat Sonmez, B., Demirsoy, E., Yagan, N., et al. (2003). A fatal complication due to radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: Atrio-esophageal fistula. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76(1), 281–283.PubMedCrossRef Sonmez, B., Demirsoy, E., Yagan, N., et al. (2003). A fatal complication due to radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: Atrio-esophageal fistula. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76(1), 281–283.PubMedCrossRef
579.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghia, K. K., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2009). A nationwide survey on the prevalence of atrioesophageal fistula after left atrial radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 24(1), 33–36.PubMedCrossRef Ghia, K. K., Chugh, A., Good, E., et al. (2009). A nationwide survey on the prevalence of atrioesophageal fistula after left atrial radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 24(1), 33–36.PubMedCrossRef
580.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Avila, A., & Dukkipati, S. (2009). Esophageal damage during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Is cryo safer than RF? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(6), 709–710.PubMedCrossRef D’Avila, A., & Dukkipati, S. (2009). Esophageal damage during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Is cryo safer than RF? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(6), 709–710.PubMedCrossRef
581.
Zurück zum Zitat Herweg, B., Ali, R., Khan, N., Ilercil, A., & Barold, S. S. (2009). Esophageal contour changes during cryoablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(6), 711–716.PubMedCrossRef Herweg, B., Ali, R., Khan, N., Ilercil, A., & Barold, S. S. (2009). Esophageal contour changes during cryoablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(6), 711–716.PubMedCrossRef
582.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrouche, N. F., Guenther, J., Segerson, N. M., et al. (2007). Randomized comparison between open irrigation technology and intracardiac-echo-guided energy delivery for pulmonary vein antrum isolation: Procedural parameters, outcomes, and the effect on esophageal injury. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(6), 583–588.PubMedCrossRef Marrouche, N. F., Guenther, J., Segerson, N. M., et al. (2007). Randomized comparison between open irrigation technology and intracardiac-echo-guided energy delivery for pulmonary vein antrum isolation: Procedural parameters, outcomes, and the effect on esophageal injury. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 18(6), 583–588.PubMedCrossRef
583.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa, H., Seres, K. A., & Jackman, W. M. (2008). Limitations of esophageal temperature-monitoring to prevent esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(3), 150–152.PubMedCrossRef Nakagawa, H., Seres, K. A., & Jackman, W. M. (2008). Limitations of esophageal temperature-monitoring to prevent esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 1(3), 150–152.PubMedCrossRef
584.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., Chun, K. R., et al. (2010). Feasibility of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using a novel endoscopic ablation system. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 481–488.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt, B., Metzner, A., Chun, K. R., et al. (2010). Feasibility of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using a novel endoscopic ablation system. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(5), 481–488.PubMedCrossRef
585.
Zurück zum Zitat Tilz, R. R., Chun, K. R., Metzner, A., et al. (2010). Unexpected high incidence of esophageal injury following pulmonary vein isolation using robotic navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(8), 853–858.PubMed Tilz, R. R., Chun, K. R., Metzner, A., et al. (2010). Unexpected high incidence of esophageal injury following pulmonary vein isolation using robotic navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(8), 853–858.PubMed
586.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Seres, K. A., et al. (2009). Canine model of esophageal injury and atrial-esophageal fistula after applications of forward-firing high-intensity focused ultrasound and side-firing unfocused ultrasound in the left atrium and inside the pulmonary vein. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(1), 41–49.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama, K., Nakagawa, H., Seres, K. A., et al. (2009). Canine model of esophageal injury and atrial-esophageal fistula after applications of forward-firing high-intensity focused ultrasound and side-firing unfocused ultrasound in the left atrium and inside the pulmonary vein. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(1), 41–49.PubMedCrossRef
587.
Zurück zum Zitat Zellerhoff, S., Ullerich, H., Lenze, F., et al. (2010). Damage to the esophagus after atrial fibrillation ablation: Just the tip of the iceberg? High prevalence of mediastinal changes diagnosed by endosonography. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(2), 155–159.PubMedCrossRef Zellerhoff, S., Ullerich, H., Lenze, F., et al. (2010). Damage to the esophagus after atrial fibrillation ablation: Just the tip of the iceberg? High prevalence of mediastinal changes diagnosed by endosonography. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(2), 155–159.PubMedCrossRef
588.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Biase, L., Saenz, L. C., Burkhardt, D. J., et al. (2009). Esophageal capsule endoscopy after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Documented higher risk of luminal esophageal damage with general anesthesia as compared with conscious sedation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(2), 108–112.PubMedCrossRef Di Biase, L., Saenz, L. C., Burkhardt, D. J., et al. (2009). Esophageal capsule endoscopy after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Documented higher risk of luminal esophageal damage with general anesthesia as compared with conscious sedation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(2), 108–112.PubMedCrossRef
589.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinek, M., Meyer, C., Hassanein, S., et al. (2010). Identification of a high-risk population for esophageal injury during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Procedural and anatomical considerations. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1224–1230.PubMedCrossRef Martinek, M., Meyer, C., Hassanein, S., et al. (2010). Identification of a high-risk population for esophageal injury during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Procedural and anatomical considerations. Heart Rhythm, 7(9), 1224–1230.PubMedCrossRef
590.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Nelson, J., Foley, T., et al. (2006). Temporary esophageal stenting allows healing of esophageal perforations following atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(4), 435–439.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Nelson, J., Foley, T., et al. (2006). Temporary esophageal stenting allows healing of esophageal perforations following atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(4), 435–439.PubMedCrossRef
591.
Zurück zum Zitat Ajaj, W., Goehde, S. C., Papanikolaou, N., et al. (2004). Real time high resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of gastric motility disorders. Gut, 53(9), 1256–1261.PubMedCrossRef Ajaj, W., Goehde, S. C., Papanikolaou, N., et al. (2004). Real time high resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of gastric motility disorders. Gut, 53(9), 1256–1261.PubMedCrossRef
592.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Ellenbogen, K. A., Packer, D. L., & Asirvatham, S. J. (2008). Vagus nerve injury after posterior atrial radiofrequency ablation. Heart Rhythm, 5(9), 1327–1330.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Ellenbogen, K. A., Packer, D. L., & Asirvatham, S. J. (2008). Vagus nerve injury after posterior atrial radiofrequency ablation. Heart Rhythm, 5(9), 1327–1330.PubMedCrossRef
593.
Zurück zum Zitat Pisani, C. F., Hachul, D., Sosa, E., & Scanavacca, M. (2008). Gastric hypomotility following epicardial vagal denervation ablation to treat atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(2), 211–213.PubMedCrossRef Pisani, C. F., Hachul, D., Sosa, E., & Scanavacca, M. (2008). Gastric hypomotility following epicardial vagal denervation ablation to treat atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(2), 211–213.PubMedCrossRef
594.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz, T. W., Rehfeld, J. F., Stadil, F., Larson, L. I., Chance, R. E., & Moon, N. (1976). Pancreatic-polypeptide response to food in duodenal-ulcer patients before and after vagotomy. Lancet, 1(7969), 1102–1105.PubMedCrossRef Schwartz, T. W., Rehfeld, J. F., Stadil, F., Larson, L. I., Chance, R. E., & Moon, N. (1976). Pancreatic-polypeptide response to food in duodenal-ulcer patients before and after vagotomy. Lancet, 1(7969), 1102–1105.PubMedCrossRef
595.
Zurück zum Zitat Dumonceau, J. M., Giostra, E., Bech, C., Spahr, L., Schroft, A., & Shah, D. (2006). Acute delayed gastric emptying after ablation of atrial fibrillation: Treatment with botulinum toxin injection. Endoscopy, 38(5), 543.PubMedCrossRef Dumonceau, J. M., Giostra, E., Bech, C., Spahr, L., Schroft, A., & Shah, D. (2006). Acute delayed gastric emptying after ablation of atrial fibrillation: Treatment with botulinum toxin injection. Endoscopy, 38(5), 543.PubMedCrossRef
596.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, M. P., & Maganti, K. (2003). A systematic review of surgical therapy for gastroparesis. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 98(10), 2122–2129.PubMedCrossRef Jones, M. P., & Maganti, K. (2003). A systematic review of surgical therapy for gastroparesis. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 98(10), 2122–2129.PubMedCrossRef
597.
Zurück zum Zitat Bai, R., Patel, D., Di Biase, L., et al. (2006). Phrenic nerve injury after catheter ablation: Should we worry about this complication? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(9), 944–948.PubMedCrossRef Bai, R., Patel, D., Di Biase, L., et al. (2006). Phrenic nerve injury after catheter ablation: Should we worry about this complication? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(9), 944–948.PubMedCrossRef
598.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Bruce, G. K., Mahapatra, S., et al. (2005). Mechanisms of phrenic nerve injury during radiofrequency ablation at the pulmonary vein orifice. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(12), 1318–1325.PubMedCrossRef Bunch, T. J., Bruce, G. K., Mahapatra, S., et al. (2005). Mechanisms of phrenic nerve injury during radiofrequency ablation at the pulmonary vein orifice. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(12), 1318–1325.PubMedCrossRef
599.
Zurück zum Zitat Durante-Mangoni, E., Del Vecchio, D., & Ruggiero, G. (2003). Right diaphragm paralysis following cardiac radiofrequency catheter ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(3), 783–784.PubMedCrossRef Durante-Mangoni, E., Del Vecchio, D., & Ruggiero, G. (2003). Right diaphragm paralysis following cardiac radiofrequency catheter ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(3), 783–784.PubMedCrossRef
600.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, B. K., Choi, K. J., Kim, J., Rhee, K. S., Nam, G. B., & Kim, Y. H. (2004). Right phrenic nerve injury following electrical disconnection of the right superior pulmonary vein. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(10), 1444–1446.PubMedCrossRef Lee, B. K., Choi, K. J., Kim, J., Rhee, K. S., Nam, G. B., & Kim, Y. H. (2004). Right phrenic nerve injury following electrical disconnection of the right superior pulmonary vein. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 27(10), 1444–1446.PubMedCrossRef
601.
Zurück zum Zitat Natale, A., Pisano, E., Shewchik, J., et al. (2000). First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(16), 1879–1882.PubMed Natale, A., Pisano, E., Shewchik, J., et al. (2000). First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 102(16), 1879–1882.PubMed
602.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., Climent, V., Farre, J., Weiglein, A., & Ho, S. Y. (2005). How close are the phrenic nerves to cardiac structures? Implications for cardiac interventionalists. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(3), 309–313.PubMedCrossRef Sanchez-Quintana, D., Cabrera, J. A., Climent, V., Farre, J., Weiglein, A., & Ho, S. Y. (2005). How close are the phrenic nerves to cardiac structures? Implications for cardiac interventionalists. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(3), 309–313.PubMedCrossRef
603.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuck, K. H., & Furnkranz, A. (2010). Cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(12), 1427–1431.PubMedCrossRef Kuck, K. H., & Furnkranz, A. (2010). Cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(12), 1427–1431.PubMedCrossRef
604.
Zurück zum Zitat Franceschi, F., Dubuc, M., Guerra, P. G., & Khairy, P. (2011). Phrenic nerve monitoring with diaphragmatic electromyography during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: The first human application. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 1068–1071.PubMedCrossRef Franceschi, F., Dubuc, M., Guerra, P. G., & Khairy, P. (2011). Phrenic nerve monitoring with diaphragmatic electromyography during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: The first human application. Heart Rhythm, 8(7), 1068–1071.PubMedCrossRef
605.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrouche, N. F., Dresing, T., Cole, C., et al. (2002). Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Impact of different catheter technologies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(3), 464–474.PubMedCrossRef Marrouche, N. F., Dresing, T., Cole, C., et al. (2002). Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein for treatment of atrial fibrillation: Impact of different catheter technologies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(3), 464–474.PubMedCrossRef
606.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, D., Bailey, S. M., Furlan, A. J., et al. (2010). Long-term functional and neurocognitive recovery in patients who had an acute cerebrovascular event secondary to catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(4), 412–417.PubMedCrossRef Patel, D., Bailey, S. M., Furlan, A. J., et al. (2010). Long-term functional and neurocognitive recovery in patients who had an acute cerebrovascular event secondary to catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(4), 412–417.PubMedCrossRef
607.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaita, F., Caponi, D., Pianelli, M., et al. (2010). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A cause of silent thromboembolism? Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cerebral thromboembolism in patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 122(17), 1667–1673.PubMedCrossRef Gaita, F., Caponi, D., Pianelli, M., et al. (2010). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A cause of silent thromboembolism? Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cerebral thromboembolism in patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 122(17), 1667–1673.PubMedCrossRef
608.
Zurück zum Zitat Lickfett, L., Hackenbroch, M., Lewalter, T., et al. (2006). Cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A tool to monitor the thrombogenicity of left atrial catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(1), 1–7.PubMedCrossRef Lickfett, L., Hackenbroch, M., Lewalter, T., et al. (2006). Cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A tool to monitor the thrombogenicity of left atrial catheter ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(1), 1–7.PubMedCrossRef
609.
Zurück zum Zitat Schrickel, J. W., Lickfett, L., Lewalter, T., et al. (2010). Incidence and predictors of silent cerebral embolism during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(1), 52–57.PubMedCrossRef Schrickel, J. W., Lickfett, L., Lewalter, T., et al. (2010). Incidence and predictors of silent cerebral embolism during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace, 12(1), 52–57.PubMedCrossRef
610.
Zurück zum Zitat Deneke, T., Shin, D. I., Balta, O., Bunz, K., Fassbender, F., Mugge, A., et al. (2011). Post-ablation asymptomatic cerebral lesions—Long-term follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging. Heart Rhythm, 8(11), 1705–1711. Deneke, T., Shin, D. I., Balta, O., Bunz, K., Fassbender, F., Mugge, A., et al. (2011). Post-ablation asymptomatic cerebral lesions—Long-term follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging. Heart Rhythm, 8(11), 1705–1711.
611.
Zurück zum Zitat Sauren, L. D., Van Belle, Y., et al. (2009). Transcranial measurement of cerebral microembolic signals during endocardial pulmonary vein isolation: Comparison of three different ablation techniques. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1102–1107.PubMedCrossRef Sauren, L. D., Van Belle, Y., et al. (2009). Transcranial measurement of cerebral microembolic signals during endocardial pulmonary vein isolation: Comparison of three different ablation techniques. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20(10), 1102–1107.PubMedCrossRef
612.
Zurück zum Zitat Bendszus, M., & Stoll, G. (2006). Silent cerebral ischaemia: Hidden fingerprints of invasive medical procedures. Lancet Neurology, 5(4), 364–372.PubMedCrossRef Bendszus, M., & Stoll, G. (2006). Silent cerebral ischaemia: Hidden fingerprints of invasive medical procedures. Lancet Neurology, 5(4), 364–372.PubMedCrossRef
613.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruis, R. W., Vlasveld, F. A., & Van Dijk, D. (2010). The (un)importance of cerebral microemboli. Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 14(2), 111–118.PubMedCrossRef Kruis, R. W., Vlasveld, F. A., & Van Dijk, D. (2010). The (un)importance of cerebral microemboli. Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 14(2), 111–118.PubMedCrossRef
614.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaud, G. F. (2010). Silent cerebral embolism during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: How concerned should we be? Circulation, 122(17), 1662–1663.PubMedCrossRef Michaud, G. F. (2010). Silent cerebral embolism during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: How concerned should we be? Circulation, 122(17), 1662–1663.PubMedCrossRef
615.
Zurück zum Zitat Cauchemez, B., Extramiana, F., Cauchemez, S., et al. (2004). High-flow perfusion of sheaths for prevention of thromboembolic complications during complex catheter ablation in the left atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 276–283.PubMedCrossRef Cauchemez, B., Extramiana, F., Cauchemez, S., et al. (2004). High-flow perfusion of sheaths for prevention of thromboembolic complications during complex catheter ablation in the left atrium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15(3), 276–283.PubMedCrossRef
616.
Zurück zum Zitat Helps, S. C., Parsons, D. W., Reilly, P. L., & Gorman, D. F. (1990). The effect of gas emboli on rabbit cerebral blood flow. Stroke, 21(1), 94–99.PubMedCrossRef Helps, S. C., Parsons, D. W., Reilly, P. L., & Gorman, D. F. (1990). The effect of gas emboli on rabbit cerebral blood flow. Stroke, 21(1), 94–99.PubMedCrossRef
617.
Zurück zum Zitat Krivonyak, G. S., & Warren, S. G. (2000). Cerebral arterial air embolism treated by a vertical head-down maneuver. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 49(2), 185–187.PubMedCrossRef Krivonyak, G. S., & Warren, S. G. (2000). Cerebral arterial air embolism treated by a vertical head-down maneuver. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 49(2), 185–187.PubMedCrossRef
618.
Zurück zum Zitat Franzen, O. W., Klemm, H., Hamann, F., et al. (2008). Mechanisms underlying air aspiration in patients undergoing left atrial catheterization. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 71(4), 553–558.PubMedCrossRef Franzen, O. W., Klemm, H., Hamann, F., et al. (2008). Mechanisms underlying air aspiration in patients undergoing left atrial catheterization. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 71(4), 553–558.PubMedCrossRef
619.
Zurück zum Zitat Ryu, K. H., Hindman, B. J., Reasoner, D. K., & Dexter, F. (1996). Heparin reduces neurological impairment after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit. Stroke, 27(2), 303–309. discussion 310.PubMedCrossRef Ryu, K. H., Hindman, B. J., Reasoner, D. K., & Dexter, F. (1996). Heparin reduces neurological impairment after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit. Stroke, 27(2), 303–309. discussion 310.PubMedCrossRef
620.
Zurück zum Zitat Waigand, J., Uhlich, F., Gross, C. M., Thalhammer, C., & Dietz, R. (1999). Percutaneous treatment of pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas after invasive vascular procedures. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 47(2), 157–164.PubMedCrossRef Waigand, J., Uhlich, F., Gross, C. M., Thalhammer, C., & Dietz, R. (1999). Percutaneous treatment of pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas after invasive vascular procedures. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 47(2), 157–164.PubMedCrossRef
621.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghaye, B., Szapiro, D., Dacher, J. N., et al. (2003). Percutaneous ablation for atrial fibrillation: The role of cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics, 23(Spec No), S19–S33. discussion S48-50.PubMedCrossRef Ghaye, B., Szapiro, D., Dacher, J. N., et al. (2003). Percutaneous ablation for atrial fibrillation: The role of cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics, 23(Spec No), S19–S33. discussion S48-50.PubMedCrossRef
622.
Zurück zum Zitat Augello, G., Vicedomini, G., Saviano, M., et al. (2009). Pulmonary vein isolation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Comparison between Lasso and three-dimensional electroanatomical assessment of complete electrical disconnection. Heart Rhythm, 6(12), 1706–1713.PubMedCrossRef Augello, G., Vicedomini, G., Saviano, M., et al. (2009). Pulmonary vein isolation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: Comparison between Lasso and three-dimensional electroanatomical assessment of complete electrical disconnection. Heart Rhythm, 6(12), 1706–1713.PubMedCrossRef
623.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, C. R., & Keane, D. (2010). Safety of atrial fibrillation ablation with novel multi-electrode array catheters on uninterrupted anticoagulation-a single-center experience. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 27(2), 117–122.PubMedCrossRef Hayes, C. R., & Keane, D. (2010). Safety of atrial fibrillation ablation with novel multi-electrode array catheters on uninterrupted anticoagulation-a single-center experience. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 27(2), 117–122.PubMedCrossRef
624.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussein, A. A., Martin, D. O., Saliba, W., et al. (2009). Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation under therapeutic international normalized ratio: A safe and efficacious periprocedural anticoagulation strategy. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1425–1429.PubMedCrossRef Hussein, A. A., Martin, D. O., Saliba, W., et al. (2009). Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation under therapeutic international normalized ratio: A safe and efficacious periprocedural anticoagulation strategy. Heart Rhythm, 6(10), 1425–1429.PubMedCrossRef
625.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi, Y., Jais, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Acute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery during mitral isthmus linear ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(10), 1104–1107.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi, Y., Jais, P., Hocini, M., et al. (2005). Acute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery during mitral isthmus linear ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16(10), 1104–1107.PubMedCrossRef
626.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins, H. (2000). Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. In S. Huang (Ed.), Radiofrequency catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: Basic concepts and clinical applications (pp. 793–803). Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co. Calkins, H. (2000). Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. In S. Huang (Ed.), Radiofrequency catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: Basic concepts and clinical applications (pp. 793–803). Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co.
627.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins, H., Niklason, L., Sousa, J., el-Atassi, R., Langberg, J., & Morady, F. (1991). Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections. Circulation, 84(6), 2376–2382.PubMed Calkins, H., Niklason, L., Sousa, J., el-Atassi, R., Langberg, J., & Morady, F. (1991). Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections. Circulation, 84(6), 2376–2382.PubMed
628.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovoor, P., Ricciardello, M., Collins, L., Uther, J. B., & Ross, D. L. (1998). Risk to patients from radiation associated with radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 98(15), 1534–1540.PubMed Kovoor, P., Ricciardello, M., Collins, L., Uther, J. B., & Ross, D. L. (1998). Risk to patients from radiation associated with radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 98(15), 1534–1540.PubMed
629.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindsay, B. D., Eichling, J. O., Ambos, H. D., & Cain, M. E. (1992). Radiation exposure to patients and medical personnel during radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. The American Journal of Cardiology, 70(2), 218–223.PubMedCrossRef Lindsay, B. D., Eichling, J. O., Ambos, H. D., & Cain, M. E. (1992). Radiation exposure to patients and medical personnel during radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. The American Journal of Cardiology, 70(2), 218–223.PubMedCrossRef
630.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahesh, M. (2001). Fluoroscopy: Patient radiation exposure issues. Radiographics, 21(4), 1033–1045.PubMed Mahesh, M. (2001). Fluoroscopy: Patient radiation exposure issues. Radiographics, 21(4), 1033–1045.PubMed
631.
Zurück zum Zitat Nahass, G. T. (1995). Fluoroscopy and the skin: Implications for radiofrequency catheter ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 76(3), 174–176.PubMedCrossRef Nahass, G. T. (1995). Fluoroscopy and the skin: Implications for radiofrequency catheter ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 76(3), 174–176.PubMedCrossRef
632.
Zurück zum Zitat Nahass, G. T. (1997). Acute radiodermatitis after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 36(5 Pt 2), 881–884.PubMedCrossRef Nahass, G. T. (1997). Acute radiodermatitis after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 36(5 Pt 2), 881–884.PubMedCrossRef
633.
Zurück zum Zitat Perisinakis, K., Damilakis, J., Theocharopoulos, N., Manios, E., Vardas, P., & Gourtsoyiannis, N. (2001). Accurate assessment of patient effective radiation dose and associated detriment risk from radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Circulation, 104(1), 58–62.PubMedCrossRef Perisinakis, K., Damilakis, J., Theocharopoulos, N., Manios, E., Vardas, P., & Gourtsoyiannis, N. (2001). Accurate assessment of patient effective radiation dose and associated detriment risk from radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Circulation, 104(1), 58–62.PubMedCrossRef
634.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenthal, L. S., Beck, T. J., Williams, J., et al. (1997). Acute radiation dermatitis following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 20(7), 1834–1839.PubMedCrossRef Rosenthal, L. S., Beck, T. J., Williams, J., et al. (1997). Acute radiation dermatitis following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 20(7), 1834–1839.PubMedCrossRef
635.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenthal, L. S., Mahesh, M., Beck, T. J., et al. (1998). Predictors of fluoroscopy time and estimated radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. The American Journal of Cardiology, 82(4), 451–458.PubMedCrossRef Rosenthal, L. S., Mahesh, M., Beck, T. J., et al. (1998). Predictors of fluoroscopy time and estimated radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. The American Journal of Cardiology, 82(4), 451–458.PubMedCrossRef
636.
Zurück zum Zitat Ector, J., Dragusin, O., Adriaenssens, B., et al. (2007). Obesity is a major determinant of radiation dose in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(3), 234–242.PubMedCrossRef Ector, J., Dragusin, O., Adriaenssens, B., et al. (2007). Obesity is a major determinant of radiation dose in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(3), 234–242.PubMedCrossRef
637.
Zurück zum Zitat de Groot, N. M., Bootsma, M., van der Velde, E. T., & Schalij, M. J. (2000). Three-dimensional catheter positioning during radiofrequency ablation in patients: First application of a real-time position management system. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11(11), 1183–1192.PubMedCrossRef de Groot, N. M., Bootsma, M., van der Velde, E. T., & Schalij, M. J. (2000). Three-dimensional catheter positioning during radiofrequency ablation in patients: First application of a real-time position management system. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11(11), 1183–1192.PubMedCrossRef
638.
Zurück zum Zitat Macle, L., Jais, P., Scavee, C., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein disconnection using the LocaLisa three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic catheter imaging system. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(7), 693–697.PubMedCrossRef Macle, L., Jais, P., Scavee, C., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein disconnection using the LocaLisa three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic catheter imaging system. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14(7), 693–697.PubMedCrossRef
639.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, B., Tilz, R. R., Neven, K., JulianChun, K. R., Furnkranz, A., & Ouyang, F. (2009). Remote robotic navigation and electroanatomical mapping for ablation of atrial fibrillation: Considerations for navigation and impact on procedural outcome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol., 2(2), 120–128.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt, B., Tilz, R. R., Neven, K., JulianChun, K. R., Furnkranz, A., & Ouyang, F. (2009). Remote robotic navigation and electroanatomical mapping for ablation of atrial fibrillation: Considerations for navigation and impact on procedural outcome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol., 2(2), 120–128.PubMedCrossRef
640.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven, D., Servatius, H., Rostock, T., et al. (2010). Reduced fluoroscopy during atrial fibrillation ablation: Benefits of robotic guided navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 6–12.PubMedCrossRef Steven, D., Servatius, H., Rostock, T., et al. (2010). Reduced fluoroscopy during atrial fibrillation ablation: Benefits of robotic guided navigation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21(1), 6–12.PubMedCrossRef
641.
Zurück zum Zitat Wittkampf, F. H., Wever, E. F., Derksen, R., et al. (1999). LocaLisa: New technique for real-time 3-dimensional localization of regular intracardiac electrodes. Circulation, 99(10), 1312–1317.PubMed Wittkampf, F. H., Wever, E. F., Derksen, R., et al. (1999). LocaLisa: New technique for real-time 3-dimensional localization of regular intracardiac electrodes. Circulation, 99(10), 1312–1317.PubMed
642.
Zurück zum Zitat Dragusin, O., Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., et al. (2007). Evaluation of a radiation protection cabin for invasive electrophysiological procedures. European Heart Journal, 28(2), 183–189.PubMedCrossRef Dragusin, O., Weerasooriya, R., Jais, P., et al. (2007). Evaluation of a radiation protection cabin for invasive electrophysiological procedures. European Heart Journal, 28(2), 183–189.PubMedCrossRef
643.
Zurück zum Zitat Luckie, M., Jenkins, N. P., Davidson, N. C., & Chauhan, A. (2008). Dressler’s syndrome following pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Acute Cardiac Care, 10(4), 234–235.PubMedCrossRef Luckie, M., Jenkins, N. P., Davidson, N. C., & Chauhan, A. (2008). Dressler’s syndrome following pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Acute Cardiac Care, 10(4), 234–235.PubMedCrossRef
644.
Zurück zum Zitat Lambert, T., Steinwender, C., Leisch, F., & Hofmann, R. (2010). Cardiac tamponade following pericarditis 18 days after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 99(9), 595–597.PubMedCrossRef Lambert, T., Steinwender, C., Leisch, F., & Hofmann, R. (2010). Cardiac tamponade following pericarditis 18 days after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 99(9), 595–597.PubMedCrossRef
645.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahsan, S. Y., Moon, J. C., Hayward, M. P., Chow, A. W., & Lambiase, P. D. (2008). Constrictive pericarditis after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 118(24), e834–e835.PubMedCrossRef Ahsan, S. Y., Moon, J. C., Hayward, M. P., Chow, A. W., & Lambiase, P. D. (2008). Constrictive pericarditis after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 118(24), e834–e835.PubMedCrossRef
646.
Zurück zum Zitat Koyama, T., Sekiguchi, Y., Tada, H., et al. (2009). Comparison of characteristics and significance of immediate versus early versus no recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(9), 1249–1254.PubMedCrossRef Koyama, T., Sekiguchi, Y., Tada, H., et al. (2009). Comparison of characteristics and significance of immediate versus early versus no recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 103(9), 1249–1254.PubMedCrossRef
647.
Zurück zum Zitat Kesek, M., Englund, A., Jensen, S. M., & Jensen-Urstad, M. (2007). Entrapment of circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve. Heart Rhythm, 4(1), 17–19.PubMedCrossRef Kesek, M., Englund, A., Jensen, S. M., & Jensen-Urstad, M. (2007). Entrapment of circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve. Heart Rhythm, 4(1), 17–19.PubMedCrossRef
648.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansour, M., Mela, T., Ruskin, J., & Keane, D. (2004). Successful release of entrapped circumferential mapping catheters in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 1(5), 558–561.PubMedCrossRef Mansour, M., Mela, T., Ruskin, J., & Keane, D. (2004). Successful release of entrapped circumferential mapping catheters in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 1(5), 558–561.PubMedCrossRef
649.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, R. C., Brinker, J. A., Yuh, D. D., Berger, R. D., & Calkins, H. G. (2002). Circular mapping catheter entrapment in the mitral valve apparatus: A previously unrecognized complication of focal atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(8), 819–821.PubMedCrossRef Wu, R. C., Brinker, J. A., Yuh, D. D., Berger, R. D., & Calkins, H. G. (2002). Circular mapping catheter entrapment in the mitral valve apparatus: A previously unrecognized complication of focal atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13(8), 819–821.PubMedCrossRef
650.
Zurück zum Zitat Grove, R., Kranig, W., Coppoolse, R., et al. (2008). Demand for open heart surgery due to entrapment of a circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve in a patient undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 97(9), 628–629.PubMedCrossRef Grove, R., Kranig, W., Coppoolse, R., et al. (2008). Demand for open heart surgery due to entrapment of a circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve in a patient undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 97(9), 628–629.PubMedCrossRef
651.
Zurück zum Zitat Tavernier, R., Duytschaever, M., & Taeymans, Y. (2003). Fracture of a circular mapping catheter after entrapment in the mitral valve apparatus during segmental pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(8), 1774–1775.PubMedCrossRef Tavernier, R., Duytschaever, M., & Taeymans, Y. (2003). Fracture of a circular mapping catheter after entrapment in the mitral valve apparatus during segmental pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(8), 1774–1775.PubMedCrossRef
652.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeljko, H. M., Mont, L., Sitges, M., et al. (2011). Entrapment of the circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve in two patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 13(1), 132–133.PubMedCrossRef Zeljko, H. M., Mont, L., Sitges, M., et al. (2011). Entrapment of the circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve in two patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace, 13(1), 132–133.PubMedCrossRef
653.
Zurück zum Zitat Naccarelli, G. V., Conti, J. B., DiMarco, J. P., & Tracy, C. M. (2008). Task force 6: Training in specialized electrophysiology, cardiac pacing, and arrhythmia management endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(3), 374–380.PubMedCrossRef Naccarelli, G. V., Conti, J. B., DiMarco, J. P., & Tracy, C. M. (2008). Task force 6: Training in specialized electrophysiology, cardiac pacing, and arrhythmia management endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 51(3), 374–380.PubMedCrossRef
654.
Zurück zum Zitat Green, M. S., Guerra, P. G., & Krahn, A. D. (2011). Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society training standards and maintenance of competency in adult clinical cardiac electrophysiology. Can J Cardiol, 27(6), 859–861. Green, M. S., Guerra, P. G., & Krahn, A. D. (2011). Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society training standards and maintenance of competency in adult clinical cardiac electrophysiology. Can J Cardiol, 27(6), 859–861.
655.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, J. L. (1991). The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. IV. Surgical technique. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 101(4), 584–592.PubMed Cox, J. L. (1991). The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. IV. Surgical technique. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 101(4), 584–592.PubMed
656.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, J. L., Schuessler, R. B., & D’Agostino, H. J., Jr. (1991). et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Apr, 101(4), 569–583. Cox, J. L., Schuessler, R. B., & D’Agostino, H. J., Jr. (1991). et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Apr, 101(4), 569–583.
657.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, P. K., Holman, W. L., & Cox, J. L. (1985). Surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Surgical Clinics of North America, 65(3), 553–570.PubMed Smith, P. K., Holman, W. L., & Cox, J. L. (1985). Surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Surgical Clinics of North America, 65(3), 553–570.PubMed
658.
Zurück zum Zitat Guiraudon, G., Campbell, C., & Jones, D. (1985). Combined sinoatrial note atrioventricular node isolation: A surgical alternative to His bundle ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 72(supple3), 220. Guiraudon, G., Campbell, C., & Jones, D. (1985). Combined sinoatrial note atrioventricular node isolation: A surgical alternative to His bundle ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 72(supple3), 220.
659.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, J. L., Ad, N., & Palazzo, T. (1999). Impact of the maze procedure on the stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 118(5), 833–840.PubMedCrossRef Cox, J. L., Ad, N., & Palazzo, T. (1999). Impact of the maze procedure on the stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 118(5), 833–840.PubMedCrossRef
660.
Zurück zum Zitat Feinberg, M. S., Waggoner, A. D., Kater, K. M., Cox, J. L., Lindsay, B. D., & Perez, J. E. (1994). Restoration of atrial function after the maze procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation. Assessment by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation, 90(5 Pt 2), II285–II292.PubMed Feinberg, M. S., Waggoner, A. D., Kater, K. M., Cox, J. L., Lindsay, B. D., & Perez, J. E. (1994). Restoration of atrial function after the maze procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation. Assessment by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation, 90(5 Pt 2), II285–II292.PubMed
661.
Zurück zum Zitat McCarthy, P. M., Gillinov, A. M., Castle, L., Chung, M., & Cosgrove, D., 3rd. (2000). The Cox-Maze procedure: The Cleveland Clinic experience. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 12(1), 25–29.PubMed McCarthy, P. M., Gillinov, A. M., Castle, L., Chung, M., & Cosgrove, D., 3rd. (2000). The Cox-Maze procedure: The Cleveland Clinic experience. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 12(1), 25–29.PubMed
662.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Camillo, C. J., et al. (2003). The Cox Maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: Long-term efficacy in patients undergoing lone versus concomitant procedures. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 1822–1828.PubMedCrossRef Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Camillo, C. J., et al. (2003). The Cox Maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: Long-term efficacy in patients undergoing lone versus concomitant procedures. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 1822–1828.PubMedCrossRef
663.
Zurück zum Zitat Raanani, E., Albage, A., David, T. E., Yau, T. M., & Armstrong, S. (2001). The efficacy of the Cox/maze procedure combined with mitral valve surgery: A matched control study. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 19(4), 438–442.PubMedCrossRef Raanani, E., Albage, A., David, T. E., Yau, T. M., & Armstrong, S. (2001). The efficacy of the Cox/maze procedure combined with mitral valve surgery: A matched control study. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 19(4), 438–442.PubMedCrossRef
664.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaff, H. V., Dearani, J. A., Daly, R. C., Orszulak, T. A., & Danielson, G. K. (2000). Cox-Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation: Mayo Clinic experience. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 12(1), 30–37.PubMed Schaff, H. V., Dearani, J. A., Daly, R. C., Orszulak, T. A., & Danielson, G. K. (2000). Cox-Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation: Mayo Clinic experience. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 12(1), 30–37.PubMed
665.
Zurück zum Zitat Damiano, R. J., Jr., Schwartz, F. H., Bailey, M. S., et al. (2011). The Cox Maze IV procedure: Predictors of late recurrence. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 141(1), 113–121.PubMedCrossRef Damiano, R. J., Jr., Schwartz, F. H., Bailey, M. S., et al. (2011). The Cox Maze IV procedure: Predictors of late recurrence. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 141(1), 113–121.PubMedCrossRef
666.
Zurück zum Zitat Khargi, K., Hutten, B. A., Lemke, B., & Deneke, T. (2005). Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation; a systematic review. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 27(2), 258–265.PubMedCrossRef Khargi, K., Hutten, B. A., Lemke, B., & Deneke, T. (2005). Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation; a systematic review. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 27(2), 258–265.PubMedCrossRef
667.
Zurück zum Zitat Melby, S. J., Lee, A. M., & Damiano, R. J. (2005). Advances in surgical ablation devices for atrial fibrillation. In P. Wang, G. V. Naccarelli, & M. R. Rosen (Eds.), New arrhythmia technologies (pp. 233–241). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. Melby, S. J., Lee, A. M., & Damiano, R. J. (2005). Advances in surgical ablation devices for atrial fibrillation. In P. Wang, G. V. Naccarelli, & M. R. Rosen (Eds.), New arrhythmia technologies (pp. 233–241). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
668.
Zurück zum Zitat Demaria, R. G., Page, P., Leung, T. K., et al. (2003). Surgical radiofrequency ablation induces coronary endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 23(3), 277–282.PubMedCrossRef Demaria, R. G., Page, P., Leung, T. K., et al. (2003). Surgical radiofrequency ablation induces coronary endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 23(3), 277–282.PubMedCrossRef
669.
Zurück zum Zitat Laczkovics, A., Khargi, K., & Deneke, T. (2003). Esophageal perforation during left atrial radiofrequency ablation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 2119–2120. author reply 2120.PubMedCrossRef Laczkovics, A., Khargi, K., & Deneke, T. (2003). Esophageal perforation during left atrial radiofrequency ablation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 2119–2120. author reply 2120.PubMedCrossRef
670.
Zurück zum Zitat Doll, N., Kornherr, P., Aupperle, H., et al. (2003). Epicardial treatment of atrial fibrillation using cryoablation in an acute off-pump sheep model. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 51(5), 267–273.PubMedCrossRef Doll, N., Kornherr, P., Aupperle, H., et al. (2003). Epicardial treatment of atrial fibrillation using cryoablation in an acute off-pump sheep model. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 51(5), 267–273.PubMedCrossRef
671.
Zurück zum Zitat Santiago, T., Melo, J., Gouveia, R. H., et al. (2003). Epicardial radiofrequency applications: In vitro and in vivo studies on human atrial myocardium. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 24(4), 481–486. discussion 486.PubMedCrossRef Santiago, T., Melo, J., Gouveia, R. H., et al. (2003). Epicardial radiofrequency applications: In vitro and in vivo studies on human atrial myocardium. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 24(4), 481–486. discussion 486.PubMedCrossRef
672.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuessler, R. B., Lee, A. M., Melby, S. J., et al. (2009). Animal studies of epicardial atrial ablation. Heart Rhythm, 6, S41–S45.PubMedCrossRef Schuessler, R. B., Lee, A. M., Melby, S. J., et al. (2009). Animal studies of epicardial atrial ablation. Heart Rhythm, 6, S41–S45.PubMedCrossRef
673.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, S. P., Guy, D. J., Boyd, A. C., Eipper, V. E., Ross, D. L., & Chard, R. B. (2003). Comparison of epicardial and endocardial linear ablation using handheld probes. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 75(2), 543–548.PubMedCrossRef Thomas, S. P., Guy, D. J., Boyd, A. C., Eipper, V. E., Ross, D. L., & Chard, R. B. (2003). Comparison of epicardial and endocardial linear ablation using handheld probes. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 75(2), 543–548.PubMedCrossRef
674.
Zurück zum Zitat van Brakel, T. J., Bolotin, G., Salleng, K. J., et al. (2004). Evaluation of epicardial microwave ablation lesions: Histology versus electrophysiology. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78(4), 1397–1402. discussion 1397-1402.PubMedCrossRef van Brakel, T. J., Bolotin, G., Salleng, K. J., et al. (2004). Evaluation of epicardial microwave ablation lesions: Histology versus electrophysiology. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78(4), 1397–1402. discussion 1397-1402.PubMedCrossRef
675.
Zurück zum Zitat Deneke, T., Khargi, K., Muller, K. M., et al. (2005). Histopathology of intraoperatively induced linear radiofrequency ablation lesions in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 26(17), 1797–1803.PubMedCrossRef Deneke, T., Khargi, K., Muller, K. M., et al. (2005). Histopathology of intraoperatively induced linear radiofrequency ablation lesions in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 26(17), 1797–1803.PubMedCrossRef
676.
Zurück zum Zitat Melby, S. J., Zierer, A., Kaiser, S. P., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2006). Epicardial microwave ablation on the beating heart for atrial fibrillation: The dependency of lesion depth on cardiac output. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 132(2), 355–360.PubMedCrossRef Melby, S. J., Zierer, A., Kaiser, S. P., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2006). Epicardial microwave ablation on the beating heart for atrial fibrillation: The dependency of lesion depth on cardiac output. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 132(2), 355–360.PubMedCrossRef
677.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaynor, S. L., Ishii, Y., Diodato, M. D., et al. (2004). Successful performance of Cox-Maze procedure on beating heart using bipolar radiofrequency ablation: A feasibility study in animals. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78(5), 1671–1677.PubMedCrossRef Gaynor, S. L., Ishii, Y., Diodato, M. D., et al. (2004). Successful performance of Cox-Maze procedure on beating heart using bipolar radiofrequency ablation: A feasibility study in animals. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78(5), 1671–1677.PubMedCrossRef
678.
Zurück zum Zitat Khargi, K., Deneke, T., Haardt, H., et al. (2001). Saline-irrigated, cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation is an effective technique to perform the maze procedure. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 72(3), S1090–S1095.PubMedCrossRef Khargi, K., Deneke, T., Haardt, H., et al. (2001). Saline-irrigated, cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation is an effective technique to perform the maze procedure. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 72(3), S1090–S1095.PubMedCrossRef
679.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Diodato, M. D., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2003). Physiological consequences of bipolar radiofrequency energy on the atria and pulmonary veins: A chronic animal study. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76(3), 836–841. discussion 841–832.PubMedCrossRef Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Diodato, M. D., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2003). Physiological consequences of bipolar radiofrequency energy on the atria and pulmonary veins: A chronic animal study. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76(3), 836–841. discussion 841–832.PubMedCrossRef
680.
Zurück zum Zitat Melby, S. J., Gaynor, S. L., Lubahn, J. G., et al. (2006). Efficacy and safety of right and left atrial ablations on the beating heart with irrigated bipolar radiofrequency energy: A long-term animal study. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 132(4), 853–860.PubMedCrossRef Melby, S. J., Gaynor, S. L., Lubahn, J. G., et al. (2006). Efficacy and safety of right and left atrial ablations on the beating heart with irrigated bipolar radiofrequency energy: A long-term animal study. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 132(4), 853–860.PubMedCrossRef
681.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2002). Chronic transmural atrial ablation by using bipolar radiofrequency energy on the beating heart. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 124(4), 708–713.PubMedCrossRef Prasad, S. M., Maniar, H. S., Schuessler, R. B., & Damiano, R. J., Jr. (2002). Chronic transmural atrial ablation by using bipolar radiofrequency energy on the beating heart. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 124(4), 708–713.PubMedCrossRef
682.
Zurück zum Zitat Ad, N., Barnett, S., Lefrak, E. A., et al. (2006). Impact of follow-up on the success rate of the cryosurgical maze procedure in patients with rheumatic heart disease and enlarged atria. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 131(5), 1073–1079.PubMedCrossRef Ad, N., Barnett, S., Lefrak, E. A., et al. (2006). Impact of follow-up on the success rate of the cryosurgical maze procedure in patients with rheumatic heart disease and enlarged atria. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 131(5), 1073–1079.PubMedCrossRef
683.
Zurück zum Zitat Gammie, J. S., Haddad, M., Milford-Beland, S., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation correction surgery: Lessons from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 85(3), 909–914.PubMedCrossRef Gammie, J. S., Haddad, M., Milford-Beland, S., et al. (2008). Atrial fibrillation correction surgery: Lessons from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 85(3), 909–914.PubMedCrossRef
684.
Zurück zum Zitat Gammie, J. S., Laschinger, J. C., Brown, J. M., et al. (2005). A multi-institutional experience with the CryoMaze procedure. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 80(3), 876–880. discussion 880.PubMedCrossRef Gammie, J. S., Laschinger, J. C., Brown, J. M., et al. (2005). A multi-institutional experience with the CryoMaze procedure. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 80(3), 876–880. discussion 880.PubMedCrossRef
685.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaynor, S. L., Diodato, M. D., Prasad, S. M., et al. (2004). A prospective, single-center clinical trial of a modified Cox maze procedure with bipolar radiofrequency ablation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 128(4), 535–542.PubMedCrossRef Gaynor, S. L., Diodato, M. D., Prasad, S. M., et al. (2004). A prospective, single-center clinical trial of a modified Cox maze procedure with bipolar radiofrequency ablation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 128(4), 535–542.PubMedCrossRef
686.
Zurück zum Zitat Weimar, T., Bailey, M. S., Watanabe, Y., et al. (2011). The Cox-Maze IV procedure for lone atrial fibrillation: A single center experience in 100 consecutive patients. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 31(1), 47–54.PubMedCrossRef Weimar, T., Bailey, M. S., Watanabe, Y., et al. (2011). The Cox-Maze IV procedure for lone atrial fibrillation: A single center experience in 100 consecutive patients. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 31(1), 47–54.PubMedCrossRef
687.
Zurück zum Zitat Lall, S. C., Melby, S. J., Voeller, R. K., et al. (2007). The effect of ablation technology on surgical outcomes after the Cox-maze procedure: A propensity analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 133(2), 389–396.PubMedCrossRef Lall, S. C., Melby, S. J., Voeller, R. K., et al. (2007). The effect of ablation technology on surgical outcomes after the Cox-maze procedure: A propensity analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 133(2), 389–396.PubMedCrossRef
688.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim, E., Barlow, C. W., Hosseinpour, A. R., et al. (2001). Influence of atrial fibrillation on outcome following mitral valve repair. Circulation, 104(12 Suppl 1), I59–I63.PubMed Lim, E., Barlow, C. W., Hosseinpour, A. R., et al. (2001). Influence of atrial fibrillation on outcome following mitral valve repair. Circulation, 104(12 Suppl 1), I59–I63.PubMed
689.
Zurück zum Zitat Ngaage, D. L., Schaff, H. V., Barnes, S. A., et al. (2006). Prognostic implications of preoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: Is there an argument for concomitant arrhythmia surgery? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(4), 1392–1399.PubMedCrossRef Ngaage, D. L., Schaff, H. V., Barnes, S. A., et al. (2006). Prognostic implications of preoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: Is there an argument for concomitant arrhythmia surgery? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(4), 1392–1399.PubMedCrossRef
690.
Zurück zum Zitat Ngaage, D. L., Schaff, H. V., Mullany, C. J., et al. (2007). Does preoperative atrial fibrillation influence early and late outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 133(1), 182–189.PubMedCrossRef Ngaage, D. L., Schaff, H. V., Mullany, C. J., et al. (2007). Does preoperative atrial fibrillation influence early and late outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 133(1), 182–189.PubMedCrossRef
691.
Zurück zum Zitat Quader, M. A., McCarthy, P. M., Gillinov, A. M., et al. (2004). Does preoperative atrial fibrillation reduce survival after coronary artery bypass grafting? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 77(5), 1514–1522. discussion 1522-1514.PubMedCrossRef Quader, M. A., McCarthy, P. M., Gillinov, A. M., et al. (2004). Does preoperative atrial fibrillation reduce survival after coronary artery bypass grafting? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 77(5), 1514–1522. discussion 1522-1514.PubMedCrossRef
692.
Zurück zum Zitat Abreu Filho, C. A., Lisboa, L. A., Dallan, L. A., et al. (2005). Effectiveness of the maze procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic mitral valve disease. Circulation, 112(9 Suppl), I20–I25.PubMed Abreu Filho, C. A., Lisboa, L. A., Dallan, L. A., et al. (2005). Effectiveness of the maze procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic mitral valve disease. Circulation, 112(9 Suppl), I20–I25.PubMed
693.
Zurück zum Zitat Deneke, T., Khargi, K., Grewe, P. H., et al. (2002). Efficacy of an additional MAZE procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease. A randomized, prospective trial. European Heart Journal, 23(7), 558–566.PubMedCrossRef Deneke, T., Khargi, K., Grewe, P. H., et al. (2002). Efficacy of an additional MAZE procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease. A randomized, prospective trial. European Heart Journal, 23(7), 558–566.PubMedCrossRef
694.
Zurück zum Zitat Doukas, G., Samani, N. J., Alexiou, C., et al. (2005). Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery for continuous atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(18), 2323–2329.PubMedCrossRef Doukas, G., Samani, N. J., Alexiou, C., et al. (2005). Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery for continuous atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(18), 2323–2329.PubMedCrossRef
695.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuetz, A., Schulze, C. J., Sarvanakis, K. K., et al. (2003). Surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation using microwave energy ablation: A prospective randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 24(4), 475–480. discussion 480.PubMedCrossRef Schuetz, A., Schulze, C. J., Sarvanakis, K. K., et al. (2003). Surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation using microwave energy ablation: A prospective randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 24(4), 475–480. discussion 480.PubMedCrossRef
696.
Zurück zum Zitat Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., Johansson, B., Berglin, E., et al. (2007). A randomized double-blind study of epicardial left atrial cryoablation for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: The SWEDish Multicentre Atrial Fibrillation study (SWEDMAF). European Heart Journal, 28(23), 2902–2908.PubMedCrossRef Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., Johansson, B., Berglin, E., et al. (2007). A randomized double-blind study of epicardial left atrial cryoablation for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: The SWEDish Multicentre Atrial Fibrillation study (SWEDMAF). European Heart Journal, 28(23), 2902–2908.PubMedCrossRef
697.
Zurück zum Zitat Chevalier, P., Leizorovicz, A., Maureira, P., et al. (2009). Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery: A prospective randomized multicentre study (SAFIR). Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 102(11), 769–775.PubMedCrossRef Chevalier, P., Leizorovicz, A., Maureira, P., et al. (2009). Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery: A prospective randomized multicentre study (SAFIR). Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 102(11), 769–775.PubMedCrossRef
698.
Zurück zum Zitat Akpinar, B., Sanisoglu, I., Guden, M., Sagbas, E., Caynak, B., & Bayramoglu, Z. (2006). Combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and ablative therapy for atrial fibrillation: Early and mid-term results. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(4), 1332–1337.PubMedCrossRef Akpinar, B., Sanisoglu, I., Guden, M., Sagbas, E., Caynak, B., & Bayramoglu, Z. (2006). Combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and ablative therapy for atrial fibrillation: Early and mid-term results. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(4), 1332–1337.PubMedCrossRef
699.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, M. C., Chang, J. P., & Chang, H. W. (2004). Preoperative atrial size predicts the success of radiofrequency maze procedure for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery. Chest, 125(6), 2129–2134.PubMedCrossRef Chen, M. C., Chang, J. P., & Chang, H. W. (2004). Preoperative atrial size predicts the success of radiofrequency maze procedure for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery. Chest, 125(6), 2129–2134.PubMedCrossRef
700.
Zurück zum Zitat Fayad, G., Le Tourneau, T., Modine, T., et al. (2005). Endocardial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery: Effect on cardiac rhythm, atrial size, and function. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 79(5), 1505–1511.PubMedCrossRef Fayad, G., Le Tourneau, T., Modine, T., et al. (2005). Endocardial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery: Effect on cardiac rhythm, atrial size, and function. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 79(5), 1505–1511.PubMedCrossRef
701.
Zurück zum Zitat Geidel, S., Ostermeyer, J., Lass, M., et al. (2006). Permanent atrial fibrillation ablation surgery in CABG and aortic valve patients is at least as effective as in mitral valve disease. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 54(2), 91–95.PubMedCrossRef Geidel, S., Ostermeyer, J., Lass, M., et al. (2006). Permanent atrial fibrillation ablation surgery in CABG and aortic valve patients is at least as effective as in mitral valve disease. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 54(2), 91–95.PubMedCrossRef
702.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillinov, A. M., Bakaeen, F., McCarthy, P. M., et al. (2006). Surgery for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the setting of mitral valve disease: A role for pulmonary vein isolation? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(1), 19–26. discussion 27-18.PubMedCrossRef Gillinov, A. M., Bakaeen, F., McCarthy, P. M., et al. (2006). Surgery for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the setting of mitral valve disease: A role for pulmonary vein isolation? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(1), 19–26. discussion 27-18.PubMedCrossRef
703.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillinov, A. M., Bhavani, S., Blackstone, E. H., et al. (2006). Surgery for permanent atrial fibrillation: Impact of patient factors and lesion set. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(2), 502–513. discussion 513-504.PubMedCrossRef Gillinov, A. M., Bhavani, S., Blackstone, E. H., et al. (2006). Surgery for permanent atrial fibrillation: Impact of patient factors and lesion set. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(2), 502–513. discussion 513-504.PubMedCrossRef
704.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillinov, A. M., McCarthy, P. M., Blackstone, E. H., et al. (2005). Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with bipolar radiofrequency as the primary modality. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 129(6), 1322–1329.PubMedCrossRef Gillinov, A. M., McCarthy, P. M., Blackstone, E. H., et al. (2005). Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with bipolar radiofrequency as the primary modality. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 129(6), 1322–1329.PubMedCrossRef
705.
Zurück zum Zitat Halkos, M. E., Craver, J. M., Thourani, V. H., et al. (2005). Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation during concomitant cardiac surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 80(1), 210–215. discussion 215-216.PubMedCrossRef Halkos, M. E., Craver, J. M., Thourani, V. H., et al. (2005). Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation during concomitant cardiac surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 80(1), 210–215. discussion 215-216.PubMedCrossRef
706.
Zurück zum Zitat Ninet, J., Roques, X., Seitelberger, R., et al. (2005). Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with off-pump, epicardial, high-intensity focused ultrasound: Results of a multicenter trial. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 130(3), 803–809.PubMedCrossRef Ninet, J., Roques, X., Seitelberger, R., et al. (2005). Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with off-pump, epicardial, high-intensity focused ultrasound: Results of a multicenter trial. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 130(3), 803–809.PubMedCrossRef
707.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaita, F., Riccardi, R., Caponi, D., et al. (2005). Linear cryoablation of the left atrium versus pulmonary vein cryoisolation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: Correlation of electroanatomic mapping and long-term clinical results. Circulation, 111(2), 136–142.PubMedCrossRef Gaita, F., Riccardi, R., Caponi, D., et al. (2005). Linear cryoablation of the left atrium versus pulmonary vein cryoisolation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: Correlation of electroanatomic mapping and long-term clinical results. Circulation, 111(2), 136–142.PubMedCrossRef
708.
Zurück zum Zitat Geidel, S., Ostermeyer, J., Lass, M., et al. (2005). Three years experience with monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation surgery in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 27(2), 243–249.PubMedCrossRef Geidel, S., Ostermeyer, J., Lass, M., et al. (2005). Three years experience with monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation surgery in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 27(2), 243–249.PubMedCrossRef
709.
Zurück zum Zitat Isobe, N., Taniguchi, K., Oshima, S., et al. (2005). Left atrial appendage outflow velocity is superior to conventional criteria for predicting of maintenance of sinus rhythm after simple cryoablation of pulmonary vein orifices. Circulation Journal, 69(4), 446–451.PubMedCrossRef Isobe, N., Taniguchi, K., Oshima, S., et al. (2005). Left atrial appendage outflow velocity is superior to conventional criteria for predicting of maintenance of sinus rhythm after simple cryoablation of pulmonary vein orifices. Circulation Journal, 69(4), 446–451.PubMedCrossRef
710.
Zurück zum Zitat Tada, H., Ito, S., Naito, S., et al. (2005). Long-term results of cryoablation with a new cryoprobe to eliminate chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S73–S77.PubMedCrossRef Tada, H., Ito, S., Naito, S., et al. (2005). Long-term results of cryoablation with a new cryoprobe to eliminate chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28(Suppl 1), S73–S77.PubMedCrossRef
711.
Zurück zum Zitat Barnett, S. D., & Ad, N. (2006). Surgical ablation as treatment for the elimination of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 131(5), 1029–1035.PubMedCrossRef Barnett, S. D., & Ad, N. (2006). Surgical ablation as treatment for the elimination of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 131(5), 1029–1035.PubMedCrossRef
713.
Zurück zum Zitat Bando, K., Kasegawa, H., Okada, Y., et al. (2005). Impact of preoperative and postoperative atrial fibrillation on outcome after mitral valvuloplasty for nonischemic mitral regurgitation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 129(5), 1032–1040.PubMedCrossRef Bando, K., Kasegawa, H., Okada, Y., et al. (2005). Impact of preoperative and postoperative atrial fibrillation on outcome after mitral valvuloplasty for nonischemic mitral regurgitation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 129(5), 1032–1040.PubMedCrossRef
714.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf, R. K., Schneeberger, E. W., Osterday, R., et al. (2005). Video-assisted bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 130(3), 797–802.PubMedCrossRef Wolf, R. K., Schneeberger, E. W., Osterday, R., et al. (2005). Video-assisted bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 130(3), 797–802.PubMedCrossRef
715.
Zurück zum Zitat Pruitt, J. C., Lazzara, R. R., Dworkin, G. H., Badhwar, V., Kuma, C., & Ebra, G. (2006). Totally endoscopic ablation of lone atrial fibrillation: Initial clinical experience. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(4), 1325–1330. discussion 1330-1321.PubMedCrossRef Pruitt, J. C., Lazzara, R. R., Dworkin, G. H., Badhwar, V., Kuma, C., & Ebra, G. (2006). Totally endoscopic ablation of lone atrial fibrillation: Initial clinical experience. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 81(4), 1325–1330. discussion 1330-1321.PubMedCrossRef
716.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R., Edgerton, Z. J., Weaver, T., et al. (2008). Minimally invasive pulmonary vein isolation and partial autonomic denervation for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 86(1), 35–38. discussion 39.PubMedCrossRef Edgerton, J. R., Edgerton, Z. J., Weaver, T., et al. (2008). Minimally invasive pulmonary vein isolation and partial autonomic denervation for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 86(1), 35–38. discussion 39.PubMedCrossRef
717.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R., McClelland, J. H., Duke, D., et al. (2009). Minimally invasive surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Six-month results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 138(1), 109–113. discussion 114.PubMedCrossRef Edgerton, J. R., McClelland, J. H., Duke, D., et al. (2009). Minimally invasive surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Six-month results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 138(1), 109–113. discussion 114.PubMedCrossRef
718.
Zurück zum Zitat Han, F. T., Kasirajan, V., Kowalski, M., et al. (2009). Results of a minimally invasive surgical pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionic plexi ablation for atrial fibrillation: Single-center experience with 12-month follow-up. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 370–377.PubMedCrossRef Han, F. T., Kasirajan, V., Kowalski, M., et al. (2009). Results of a minimally invasive surgical pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionic plexi ablation for atrial fibrillation: Single-center experience with 12-month follow-up. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2(4), 370–377.PubMedCrossRef
719.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeanmart, H., Casselman, F., Beelen, R., et al. (2006). Modified maze during endoscopic mitral valve surgery: The OLV Clinic experience. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(5), 1765–1769.PubMedCrossRef Jeanmart, H., Casselman, F., Beelen, R., et al. (2006). Modified maze during endoscopic mitral valve surgery: The OLV Clinic experience. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82(5), 1765–1769.PubMedCrossRef
720.
Zurück zum Zitat Shinbane, J. S., Lesh, M. D., Stevenson, W. G., et al. (1998). Anatomic and electrophysiologic relation between the coronary sinus and mitral annulus: Implications for ablation of left-sided accessory pathways. American Heart Journal, 135(1), 93–98.PubMedCrossRef Shinbane, J. S., Lesh, M. D., Stevenson, W. G., et al. (1998). Anatomic and electrophysiologic relation between the coronary sinus and mitral annulus: Implications for ablation of left-sided accessory pathways. American Heart Journal, 135(1), 93–98.PubMedCrossRef
721.
Zurück zum Zitat Antz, M., Otomo, K., Arruda, M., et al. (1998). Electrical conduction between the right atrium and the left atrium via the musculature of the coronary sinus. Circulation, 98(17), 1790–1795.PubMed Antz, M., Otomo, K., Arruda, M., et al. (1998). Electrical conduction between the right atrium and the left atrium via the musculature of the coronary sinus. Circulation, 98(17), 1790–1795.PubMed
722.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, J. L. (2003). Atrial fibrillation II: Rationale for surgical treatment. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 1693–1699.PubMedCrossRef Cox, J. L. (2003). Atrial fibrillation II: Rationale for surgical treatment. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 126(6), 1693–1699.PubMedCrossRef
723.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R. (2009). Total thorascopic ablation of atrial fibrillation using the Dallas lesion set, partial autonomic denervation, and left atrial appendectomy. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 14, 224–242.CrossRef Edgerton, J. R. (2009). Total thorascopic ablation of atrial fibrillation using the Dallas lesion set, partial autonomic denervation, and left atrial appendectomy. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 14, 224–242.CrossRef
724.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R., Jackman, W. M., & Mack, M. J. (2009). A new epicardial lesion set for minimal access left atrial maze: The Dallas lesion set. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 88(5), 1655–1657.PubMedCrossRef Edgerton, J. R., Jackman, W. M., & Mack, M. J. (2009). A new epicardial lesion set for minimal access left atrial maze: The Dallas lesion set. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 88(5), 1655–1657.PubMedCrossRef
725.
Zurück zum Zitat Lockwood, D., Nakagawa, H., Peyton, M. D., et al. (2009). Linear left atrial lesions in minimally invasive surgical ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Techniques for assessing conduction block across surgical lesions. Heart Rhythm, 6, S50–S63.PubMedCrossRef Lockwood, D., Nakagawa, H., Peyton, M. D., et al. (2009). Linear left atrial lesions in minimally invasive surgical ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Techniques for assessing conduction block across surgical lesions. Heart Rhythm, 6, S50–S63.PubMedCrossRef
726.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgerton, J. R., Jackman, W. R., Mahoney, C., & Mack, M. J. (2009). Totally thorascopic surgical ablation of persistent AF and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation using the "Dallas" lesion set. Heart Rhythm, 6, S64–S70.PubMedCrossRef Edgerton, J. R., Jackman, W. R., Mahoney, C., & Mack, M. J. (2009). Totally thorascopic surgical ablation of persistent AF and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation using the "Dallas" lesion set. Heart Rhythm, 6, S64–S70.PubMedCrossRef
727.
Zurück zum Zitat Krul, S. P., Driessen, A. H., van Boven, W. J., et al. (2011). Thoracoscopic video-assisted pulmonary vein antrum isolation, ganglionated plexus ablation, and periprocedural confirmation of ablation lesions: First results of a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological approach for atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(3), 262–270.PubMedCrossRef Krul, S. P., Driessen, A. H., van Boven, W. J., et al. (2011). Thoracoscopic video-assisted pulmonary vein antrum isolation, ganglionated plexus ablation, and periprocedural confirmation of ablation lesions: First results of a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological approach for atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 4(3), 262–270.PubMedCrossRef
728.
Zurück zum Zitat Shemin, R. J., Cox, J. L., Gillinov, A. M., Blackstone, E. H., & Bridges, C. R. (2007). Guidelines for reporting data and outcomes for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 83(3), 1225–1230.PubMedCrossRef Shemin, R. J., Cox, J. L., Gillinov, A. M., Blackstone, E. H., & Bridges, C. R. (2007). Guidelines for reporting data and outcomes for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 83(3), 1225–1230.PubMedCrossRef
729.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof, P., Bax, J., Blomstrom-Lundquist, C., et al. (2009). Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary of the proceedings from the 2nd AFNET-EHRA consensus conference ‘research perspectives in AF’. European Heart Journal, 30(24), 2969–2977c.PubMedCrossRef Kirchhof, P., Bax, J., Blomstrom-Lundquist, C., et al. (2009). Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary of the proceedings from the 2nd AFNET-EHRA consensus conference ‘research perspectives in AF’. European Heart Journal, 30(24), 2969–2977c.PubMedCrossRef
730.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Khatib, S. M., Calkins, H., Eloff, B. C., et al. (2010). Developing the Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry Initiative (SAFARI) as a collaborative pan-stakeholder critical path registry model: A Cardiac Safety Research Consortium “Incubator” Think Tank. American Heart Journal, 160(4), 619–626.PubMedCrossRef Al-Khatib, S. M., Calkins, H., Eloff, B. C., et al. (2010). Developing the Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry Initiative (SAFARI) as a collaborative pan-stakeholder critical path registry model: A Cardiac Safety Research Consortium “Incubator” Think Tank. American Heart Journal, 160(4), 619–626.PubMedCrossRef
731.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Khatib, S. M., Calkins, H., Eloff, B. C., et al. (2010). Planning the Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry Initiative (SAFARI) as a Collaborative Pan-Stakeholder Critical Path Registry Model: A Cardiac Safety Research Consortium "Incubator" Think Tank. American Heart Journal, 159(1), 17–24.PubMedCrossRef Al-Khatib, S. M., Calkins, H., Eloff, B. C., et al. (2010). Planning the Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry Initiative (SAFARI) as a Collaborative Pan-Stakeholder Critical Path Registry Model: A Cardiac Safety Research Consortium "Incubator" Think Tank. American Heart Journal, 159(1), 17–24.PubMedCrossRef
732.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs, J. P., Edwards, F. H., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2010). Successful linking of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons adult cardiac surgery database to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare data. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 90(4), 1150–1156. discussion 1156-1157.PubMedCrossRef Jacobs, J. P., Edwards, F. H., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2010). Successful linking of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons adult cardiac surgery database to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare data. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 90(4), 1150–1156. discussion 1156-1157.PubMedCrossRef
733.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs, J. P., Edwards, F. H., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2011). Successful linking of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database to social security data to examine survival after cardiac operations. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 92(1), 32–37. discussion 38-39.PubMedCrossRef Jacobs, J. P., Edwards, F. H., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2011). Successful linking of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database to social security data to examine survival after cardiac operations. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 92(1), 32–37. discussion 38-39.PubMedCrossRef
734.
Zurück zum Zitat Leon, M. B., Piazza, N., Nikolsky, E., et al. (2011). Standardized endpoint definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation clinical trials: A consensus report from the Valve Academic Research Consortium. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(3), 253–269.PubMedCrossRef Leon, M. B., Piazza, N., Nikolsky, E., et al. (2011). Standardized endpoint definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation clinical trials: A consensus report from the Valve Academic Research Consortium. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(3), 253–269.PubMedCrossRef
735.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappone, C., & Santinelli, V. (2005). Atrial fibrillation ablation: State of the art. The American Journal of Cardiology, 96(12A), 59L–64L.PubMedCrossRef Pappone, C., & Santinelli, V. (2005). Atrial fibrillation ablation: State of the art. The American Journal of Cardiology, 96(12A), 59L–64L.PubMedCrossRef
736.
Zurück zum Zitat Morady, F. (2005). Mechanisms and catheter ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 32(2), 199–201.PubMed Morady, F. (2005). Mechanisms and catheter ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 32(2), 199–201.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design
verfasst von
Hugh Calkins
Karl Heinz Kuck
Riccardo Cappato
Josep Brugada
A. John Camm
Shih-Ann Chen
Harry J. G. Crijns
Ralph J. Damiano Jr.
D. Wyn Davies
John DiMarco
James Edgerton
Kenneth Ellenbogen
Michael D. Ezekowitz
David E. Haines
Michel Haissaguerre
Gerhard Hindricks
Yoshito Iesaka
Warren Jackman
Jose Jalife
Pierre Jais
Jonathan Kalman
David Keane
Young-Hoon Kim
Paulus Kirchhof
George Klein
Hans Kottkamp
Koichiro Kumagai
Bruce D. Lindsay
Moussa Mansour
Francis E. Marchlinski
Patrick M. McCarthy
J. Lluis Mont
Fred Morady
Koonlawee Nademanee
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Andrea Natale
Stanley Nattel
Douglas L. Packer
Carlo Pappone
Eric Prystowsky
Antonio Raviele
Vivek Reddy
Jeremy N. Ruskin
Richard J. Shemin
Hsuan-Ming Tsao
David Wilber
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2012
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology / Ausgabe 2/2012
Print ISSN: 1383-875X
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-012-9672-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2012

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 2/2012 Zur Ausgabe

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

17.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Sie sei „ethisch geboten“, meint Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach: mehr Transparenz über die Qualität von Klinikbehandlungen. Um sie abzubilden, lässt er gegen den Widerstand vieler Länder einen virtuellen Klinik-Atlas freischalten.

„Jeder Fall von plötzlichem Tod muss obduziert werden!“

17.05.2024 Plötzlicher Herztod Nachrichten

Ein signifikanter Anteil der Fälle von plötzlichem Herztod ist genetisch bedingt. Um ihre Verwandten vor diesem Schicksal zu bewahren, sollten jüngere Personen, die plötzlich unerwartet versterben, ausnahmslos einer Autopsie unterzogen werden.

Hirnblutung unter DOAK und VKA ähnlich bedrohlich

17.05.2024 Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien Nachrichten

Kommt es zu einer nichttraumatischen Hirnblutung, spielt es keine große Rolle, ob die Betroffenen zuvor direkt wirksame orale Antikoagulanzien oder Marcumar bekommen haben: Die Prognose ist ähnlich schlecht.

Schlechtere Vorhofflimmern-Prognose bei kleinem linken Ventrikel

17.05.2024 Vorhofflimmern Nachrichten

Nicht nur ein vergrößerter, sondern auch ein kleiner linker Ventrikel ist bei Vorhofflimmern mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Der Zusammenhang besteht nach Daten aus China unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren.

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.