nach oben

Journal of Religion and Health

Erschienen in:

06.01.2022 | COVID-19 | Original Paper Zur Zeit gratis

The Relationship Among Spirituality, Self-Efficacy, COVID-19 Anxiety, and Hopelessness During the COVID-19 Process in Turkey: A Path Analysis

verfasst von: Figen Kasapoğlu

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 1/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

This study explores the relationship among spirituality, self-efficacy, COVID-19 anxiety, and hopelessness. The participants are comprised of 418 individuals (282 females and 136 males) in Turkey whose ages range between 18 and 61 years old. The participants completed the following surveys: The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Spiritual Orientation Inventory. The relationships among the variables have been examined using path analysis. According to the results, spirituality, self-efficacy, and COVID-19 anxiety have direct effects on hopelessness. The analysis also shows self-efficacy to mediate the relationship between spirituality and hopelessness. The proposed model has good fit indices. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on COVID-19, spirituality, self-efficacy, and hopelessness, with practical implications for mental health professionals being provided.

Abdollahi, A., & Abu Talib, M. (2015). Spirituality moderates hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among Iranian depressed adolescents. Death Studies, 39(10), 579–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1013163CrossRefPubMed

Abela, J. R. Z., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2000). The hopelessness theory of depression: a test of the diathesis-stress component in the inter-personal and achievement domains. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(4), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005571518032CrossRef

Abu Talib, M., & Abdollahi, A. (2017). Spirituality moderates hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among Malaysian adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(3), 784–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0133-3CrossRef

Achour, M., Souici, D., Bensaid, B., Binti Ahmad Zaki, N., & Alnahari, A. A. A. (2021). Coping with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of academics in the muslim world. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01422-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Adegbola, M. (2011). Spirituality, self-efficacy, and quality of life among adults with sickle cell disease. Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research, 11(1), 1–16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137798/

Aguglia, A., Amerio, A., Costanza, A., Parodi, N., Copello, F., Serafini, G., & Amore, M. (2021). Hopelessness and post-traumatic stress symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any role for mediating variables? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126579CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Akanni, O. O., Olashore, A. A., & Oderinde, K. O. (2021). Relationship between spirituality and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the staff of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(7), 647–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1870218CrossRef

Ai, A. L., Cascio, T., Santangelo, L. K., & Evans-Campbell, T. (2005). Hope, meaning, and growth following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(5), 523–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260504272896CrossRefPubMed

Akkuzu, H., Yumuşak, F. N., Karaman, G., Ladikli, N., Türkkan, Z., & Bahadır, E. (2020). Koronavirüs Kaygı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.20.2.09CrossRef

Asghari, F., Saadat, S., Atefi Karajvandani, S., & Janalizadeh Kokaneh, S. (2014). The relationship between academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being, family cohesion, and spiritual health among students of Kharazmi University. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 14(7), 581–593. http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/

Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 71, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Balaratnasingam, S., & Janca, A. (2006). Mass hysteria revisited. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(2), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000214343.59872.7aCrossRefPubMed

Bandura, A. (2003). Commentary: “On the psychosocial impact and mechanisms of spiritual modeling.” The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(3), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1303_02CrossRef

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191CrossRefPubMed

Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Regalia, C. (2001). Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.125CrossRefPubMed

Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian Journal of psychiatry, 50, 102014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102014CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baron, R. M., & Keny, D. A. (1986). The mediator-moderator distinction in social psychology: Conceptual, Strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T. (1964). Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10(6), 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720240015003CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1989). Prediction of eventual suicide in psychiatric inpatients by clinical ratings of hopelessness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 309–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.57.2.309CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562CrossRefPubMed

Bekelman, D. B., Rumsfeld, J. S., Havranek, E. P., Yamashita, T. E., Hutt, E., Gottlieb, S. H., Dy, S. M., & Kutner, J. S. (2009). Symptom burden, depression, and spiritual well-being: a comparison of heart failure and advanced cancer patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(5), 592–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-0931-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Benight, C. C., & Bandura, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 1129–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.008CrossRefPubMed

Blackburn, I. M. (2008). Depresyon ve başaçıkma yolları (Nesrin H. Şahin, and R. Neslihan Ruhancı, Trans.). Remzi Kitabevi.

Bozkur, B., Kıran, B., & Cengiz, Ö. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, gelecekte iş bulmaya yönelik algı ve öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(6), 2401–2409. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.702233CrossRef

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.K., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel F. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.

Carretta, C. M., Ridner, S. H., & Dietrich, M. S. (2014). Hope, hopelessness, and anxiety: a pilot instrument comparison study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(4), 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.05.005CrossRefPubMed

Casali, N., Feraco, T., Ghisi, M., & Meneghetti, C. (2021). “Andrà tutto bene”: associations between character strengths, psychological distress and self-efficacy during Covid-19 lockdown. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2255–2274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00321-wCrossRef

Chioqueta, A. P., & Stiles, T. C. (2005). Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1283–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.010CrossRef

Chong, Y. Y., Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., Chow, K. M., Kassianos, A. P., Karekla, M., & Gloster, A. (2020). The role of illness perceptions, coping, and self-efficacy on adherence to precautionary measures for COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186540CrossRefPubMedCentral

Cotton, S., Kudel, I., Roberts, Y. H., Pallerla, H., Tsevat, J., Succop, P., & Yi, M. S. (2009). Spiritual wellbeing and mental health outcomes in adolescents with or without inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(5), 485–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.09.013CrossRef

Dalmida, S. G., Holstad, M. M., DiIorio, C., & Laderman, G. (2011). Spiritual well-being and health-related quality of life among African-American women with HIV/AIDS. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 6(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-010-9122-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dein, S. (2013). Religion, spirituality, depression, and anxiety Theory, research, and practice. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology religion and spirituality an applied psychology of religion and spirituality Vol 2. An applied psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 241–255). American Psychological Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/14046-012CrossRef

Doğan, T. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinin iyilik halinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü

Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği geçerlilik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2(2), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000071CrossRef

Durmuş, M., Öztürk, Z., Şener, N., & Eren, S. Y. (2021). The Relationship between the fear of COVID-19, depression, and spiritual well-being in pregnant women. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01448-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dutra, C. C. D., & Rocha, H. S. (2020). Religious support as a contribution to face the effects of social ısolation in mental health during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal Religion and Health, 60, 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01140-2CrossRef

Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publications.

George, D., & Mallery, M. (2019). SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference 17.0 update (15th Ed.). Routledge.

González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., ÁngelCastellanos, M., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 83, 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040CrossRef

Gravetter, J. F., & Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (4^th Ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hacimusalar, Y., Kahve, A. C., Yasar, A. B., & Aydin, M. S. (2020). Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Han, M. Y., Sohn, S. K., Kwon, S. H., Choi, J. H., & Choi, K. H. (2014). The relationships among self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress in clinical nurses. Journal of East-West Nursing Research, 20(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.14370/jewnr.2014.20.1.21CrossRef

Hasanshahi, M., Mazaheri, M. A., & Baghbanian, A. (2018). Relationship between spiritual health, hopelessness, and self-efficacy in medical sciences students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(2), e2071. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.2071CrossRef

Heidari, M., Yoosefee, S., & Heidari, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of spiritual care. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 15(3), 262–263. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v15i3.3823CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRef

Jahani, A., Rejeh, N., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Vaismoradi, M., & Jasper, M. (2014). Spiritual wellbeing of Iranian patients with acute coronary syndromes: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Journal of Research in Nursing, 19(6), 518–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987114547606CrossRef

Joie-La Marle, C., Parmentier, F., Vinchon, F., Storme, M., Borteyrou, X., & Lubart, T. (2021). Evolution and impact of self-efficacy during French COVID-19 confinement: a longitudinal study. The Journal of General Psychology, 148(3), 360–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1904815CrossRefPubMed

Jun, W. H., & Lee, G. (2016). The mediating role of spirituality on professional values and self-efficacy: a study of senior nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 3060–3067. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13069CrossRefPubMed

Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020). Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102239CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kaplan Serin, E., & Doğan, R. (2021). The relationship between anxiety and hopelessness levels among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211029144CrossRef

Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde kaygı ile maneviyat, psikolojik sağlamlık ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 599–614. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44284CrossRef

Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). Examining the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and spiritual well-being. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 5(3), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2020.5.3.121CrossRef

Kasapoğlu, F. (2016). Manevi Yönelim Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3), 51–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.17679/iuefd.16360640

Kezer, F., Oğurlu, Ü., & Akfırat, O. N. (2016). Eleştirel düşünme eğilimi, genel öz yeterlik ve umutsuzluk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(34), 202–218. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/226449

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.

Koenig, H. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health the research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN) Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730CrossRef

Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., & Khalifa, D. A. (2012). Religion, spirituality and mental health in the West and the Middle East. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 180–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2012.04.004CrossRefPubMed

Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus anxiety scale: a brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481CrossRefPubMed

Lee, M., Lim, H., Xavier, M. S., & Lee, E. Y. (2021). “A Divine Infection”: a systematic review on the roles of religious communities during the early stage of COVID-19. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01364-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Luquis, R. R., Brelsford, G. M., & Rojas-Guyler, L. (2012). Religiosity, spirituality, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors among college students. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(3), 601–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9527-zCrossRefPubMed

Marai, L. (2004). Anxiety and hopelessness in two South Pacific countries: exploratory studies. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32(8), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.8.723CrossRef

May, R. (1977). The meaning of anxiety. Norton.

McNulty, K., Livneh, H., & Wilson, L. M. (2004). Perceived uncertainty, spiritual well-being, and psychosocial adaptation in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49(2), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.49.2.91CrossRef

Minkoff, K., Bergman, E., Beck, A. X., & Beck, R. (1973). Hopelessness, depression, and attempted suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 455–457. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.130.4.455CrossRef

Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Moreira-Almeida, A., & Koenig, H. G. (2006). Retaining the meaning of the words religiousness and spirituality. Social Science & Medicine, 63(4), 840–845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.001CrossRef

Muris, P., Meesters, C., Pierik, A., & de Kock, B. (2016). Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(2), 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0235-2CrossRefPubMed

Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J., & Witmer, J. M. (2000). The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00536.xCrossRef

Najafi, M., & Foladjang, M. (2007). The relationship between self-efficacy and mental health among high school students. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 5(1), 69–83. http://cpap.shahed.ac.ir/article_2599

Nelson, C., Jacobson, C. M., Weinberger, M. I., Bhaskaran, V., Rosenfeld, B., Breitbart, W., & Roth, A. J. (2009). The role of spirituality in the relationship between religiosity and depression in prostate cancer patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9139-yCrossRefPubMed

Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Park, C. L., Shaver, P. R., Hood, R. W., & Plante, T. G. (2009). How does one become spiritual? The spiritual modeling inventory of life environments (SMILE). Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12(5), 427–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670902758257CrossRef

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos De Saúde Pública, 36, e00054020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020CrossRefPubMed

Padmanabhanunni, A., & Pretorius, T. (2021). The loneliness–life satisfaction relationship: The parallel and serial mediating role of hopelessness, depression and ego-resilience among young adults in south africa during covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073613CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879CrossRefPubMed

Rababa, M., Hayajneh, A. A., & Bani-Iss, W. (2021). Association of death anxiety with spiritual well-being and religious coping in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01129-xCrossRefPubMed

Rakhshanderou, S., Safari-Moradabadi, A., & Ghaffari, M. (2020). Structural equation modeling of the spirituality and self-efficacy among college students. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-00984-yCrossRef

Reutter, K. K., & Bigatti, S. M. (2014). Religiosity and spirituality as resiliency resources: moderation, mediation, or moderated mediation? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12081CrossRef

Rias, Y. A., Rosyad, Y. S., Chipojola, R., Wiratama, B. S., Safitri, C. I., Weng, S. F., Yang, C. Y., & Tsai, H. T. (2020). Effects of spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward anxiety regarding COVID-19 among the general population in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123798CrossRefPubMedCentral

Rideout, E., & Montemuro, M. (1986). Hope, morale and adaptation in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11(4), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01270.xCrossRefPubMed

Roman, N. V., Mthembu, T. G., & Hoosen, M. (2020). Spiritual care– ‘A deeper immunity’–A response to COVID-19 pandemic. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 12(1), a2456. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2456CrossRef

Sagaser, K. G., Shahrukh Hashmi, S., Carter, R., Lemons, J., Mendez-Figueroa, H., Nassef, S., Peery, B., & Singletary, C. N. (2016). Spiritual exploration in the prenatal genetic counseling session. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 25(5), 923–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-015-9920-yCrossRefPubMed

Sarıçalı, M., Satıcı, S. A., Satıcı, B., Göçet-Tekin, E., & Griffiths, M. (2020). Fear of COVID-19, mindfulness, humor, and hopelessness: A multiple mediation analysis. Int J Ment Health Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00419-5CrossRef

Sayar, K., & Dinç, M. (2008). Psikolojiye giriş. Dem Yayınları.

Seber, G., Dilbaz, N., Kaptanoğlu, C., & Tekin, D. (1993). Umutsuzluk Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Kriz Dergisi, 1(3), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000045CrossRef

Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(8), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201CrossRef

Shacham, M., Hamama-Raz, Y., Kolerman, R., Mijiritsky, O., Ben-Ezra, M., & Mijiritsky, E. (2020). COVID-19 factors and psychological factors associated with elevated psychological distress among dentists and dental hygienists in Israel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082900CrossRefPubMedCentral

Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51(2), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663CrossRef

Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Miller, J., Hartman, T., Levita, L., & Bentall, R. (2020). Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open, 6(6), E125. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.109CrossRefPubMed

Sullivan, R. J., & Atkins, M. B. (2009). Molecular-targeted therapy in malignant melanoma. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 9(5), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1586/era.09.20CrossRefPubMed

Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ekinoks.

Thompson, A. B., Cragun, D., Sumerau, J. E., Cragun, R. T., De Gifis, V., & Trepanier, A. (2016). “Be prepared if I bring it up:” Patients’ perceptions of the utility of religious and spiritual discussion during genetic counseling. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 25(5), 945–956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-015-9922-9CrossRefPubMed

Teo, T., Tsai, T., & Yang, C. (2013). Applying structural equation modeling (SEM) in educational research: An introduction. In M. Khine (Ed.), Application of structural equation modeling in educational research and practice (pp. 3–21). Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2017.1367907CrossRef

Trnka, R., & Lorencova, R. (2020). Fear, anger, and media-induced trauma during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(5), 546–549. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000675CrossRef

Walsh, F. (2020). Loss and resilience in the time of COVID-19: Meaning making, hope, and transcendence. Family Process. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12588CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Westefeld, J. S., Whitchard, K. A., & Range, L. M. (1990). College and university student suicide: trends and implications. The Counseling Psychologist, 18(3), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000090183008CrossRef

World Health Organization. (2021). WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. Retrieved October 29, 2021 from https://covid19.who.int

Wong, E. C., & Longshore, D. (2008). Ethnic identity, spirituality, and self-efficacy influences on treatment outcomes among Hispanic American methadone maintenance clients. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 7(3), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640802313478CrossRefPubMed

Williams, C. B., Galanter, M., Dermatis, H., & Schwartz, V. (2008). The importance of hopelessness among university students seeking psychiatric counseling. Psychiatric Quarterly, 79(4), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-008-9085-zCrossRef

Witmer, J. M., & Sweeney, T. J. (1992). A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the life span. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb02189.xCrossRef

Xiong, H., Yi, S., & Lin, Y. (2020). The psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey. The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 57, 0046958020957114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958020957114CrossRef

Yıldırım, F., & İlhan, İÖ. (2010). Genel Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301–308.PubMed

Zuo, B., Yang, K., Yao, Y., Han, S., Nie, S., & Wen, F. (2021). The relationship of perceived social support to feelings of hopelessness under COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of epidemic risk and meaning in life. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, 111110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111110CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: The Relationship Among Spirituality, Self-Efficacy, COVID-19 Anxiety, and Hopelessness During the COVID-19 Process in Turkey: A Path Analysis
verfasst von: Figen Kasapoğlu
Publikationsdatum: 06.01.2022
Verlag: Springer US
Schlagwort: COVID-19
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01472-7

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

The Relationship Among Spirituality, Self-Efficacy, COVID-19 Anxiety, and Hopelessness During the COVID-19 Process in Turkey: A Path Analysis

Abstract

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2022

Does the Belief in Biblical Literalism Matter for Mental Health? Assessing Variations by Gender and Dimensions of Religiosity

Salvation Expectations of Patients of Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Religion

Relationship of Gratitude and Coping Styles with Depression in Caregivers of Children with Special Needs

The Relationship between the Fear of Covid-19, Depression, and Spiritual Well-Being in Pregnant Women

“A Divine Infection”: A Systematic Review on the Roles of Religious Communities During the Early Stage of COVID-19

An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran