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21.11.2017 | Review

Adrenal myelolipoma: a comprehensive review

verfasst von: Ábel Decmann, Pál Perge, Miklós Tóth, Peter Igaz

Erschienen in: Endocrine | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Abstract

Introduction

Adrenal myelolipoma is an invariably benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland that is the second most common primary adrenal incidentaloma following adrenocortical adenomas. It is composed of elements of adipose tissue and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Hypotheses on stem cells and hormonal factors have been formulated regarding its pathogenesis that is still obscure. Despite its benign behavior, adrenal myelolipoma is clinically relevant as it might cause significant difficulties in the differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors.

Methods

We have reviewed 420 cases reported between 1957 and 2017 on adrenal myelolipoma retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases and also 20 of our case series to provide a comprehensive analysis of their pathology, epidemiological and clinical features.

Results and Conclusions

The average age for its diagnosis was 51 years, and no gender difference was observed. The average size of tumors was 10.2 cm. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was associated to 10% of all cases analyzed, while other adrenal hypersecretory disorders (cortisol, aldosterone) were found in 7.5% of cases. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be reliably used for its differential diagnosis. If the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma is unambiguous, and no associated symptoms or hormonal activity are established, surgical intervention is usually not necessary.

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Titel: Adrenal myelolipoma: a comprehensive review
verfasst von: Ábel Decmann
Pál Perge
Miklós Tóth
Peter Igaz
Publikationsdatum: 21.11.2017
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Endocrine / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1473-4

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Adrenal myelolipoma: a comprehensive review

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Introduction

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Results and Conclusions

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