Introduction
Rationale for Basal Insulin + GLP-1RA Combination Therapies
T2D Treatment Issues
Pharmacological Logic of Basal Insulin plus GLP-1RA
Combination Products
IDegLira—Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
IGlarLixi—Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
Evidence of Clinical Benefit
FAS/SAS | IDegLira | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DUAL I [19]
n = 833/825 | DUAL II [17]
n = 199/199 | DUAL III [47]
n = 292/291 | DUAL IV [45]
n = 289/288 | DUAL V [48]
n = 278/278 | DUAL VI [46] 1WT
n = 210/209 | DUAL VI [46] 2WT
n = 210/210 | |
Population | Met ± pio Insulin naïve | Basal insulin 20–40 U daily + Met ± SU/glinides | GLP-1RA** + Met ± pio ± SU Insulin naïve | SU ± met Insulin naïve | IGlar U100 20–50 U daily + Met | Met ± pio Insulin naïve | Met ± pio Insulin naïve |
Mean baseline HbA1c, % (SD) | 8.3 (0.9) | 8.7 (0.7) | 7.8 (0.6) | 7.9 (0.6) | 8.4 (0.9) | 8.2 (0.9) | 8.1 (0.9) |
Mean EOT HbA1c, % (SD) | 6.4 (1.0) | 6.9 | 6.4 (0.8) | 6.4 (0.8) | 6.6 (0.9) | 6.1 | 6.0 |
Mean ΔHbA1c, % (SD) | –1.9 (1.1) | –1.9 | –1.3 (0.8)i
| –1.5 (0.8) | –1.8 (1.1) | –2.0 (1.1)o
| –2.0 (1.0)o
|
Mean ΔHbA1c, mmol/mol | −21* | −21 | −14.5 | −16 | −20* | −22 | −22 |
% patients achieving HbA1c < 7.0% | 81b
| 60f
| 75f
| 79b
| 72m
| 90p
| 90p
|
% patients achieving HbA1c ≤ 6.5% | 70b
| 45f
| 63f
| 64b
| 55 m
| 83.6p
| 85.0p
|
Mean EOT FPG, mg/dL (SD) | 101 (32.4)* | 112 | 108 (28.8)* | 117* | 110 (38.4) | N/A | N/A |
Mean ΔFPG from baseline, mg/dL (SD) | –65a* | –62 (53)e
| –54 (41)i* | –47 (47)e* | –50a* | –78o
| –82o
|
Mean Δweight from baseline, kg (SD) | –0.5 (3.5)a
| –2.7e
| +2.0 (3.9)i
| +0.5e
| –1.4 (3.5)a
| –1.0o
| –2.0o
|
Baseline daily mean insulin dose, U (SD) | N/A | 29 (8) | N/A | N/A | 31 (10) | 11 | 11 |
Final daily mean insulin dose, U (SD) | 38 (13)*a
| 45e
| 43 | 28 | 41a
| 41o
| 41o
|
EOT mean 9-point SMPG, mg/dL (SD) | 128 (32)* | 135g
| N/A | N/A | 137 (35) | N/A | N/A |
Δ mean 9-point SMPG from baseline, mg/dL (SD) | –58a* | –58e
| N/A | –40 (3.8)e* | –46 (44.9)k
| N/A | N/A |
Confirmed hypoglycemia rates, events per PYE | 1.8c
| 1.5h
| 2.8n
| 3.5j
| 2.2l
| N/A | N/A |
Nocturnal hypoglycemia rates, events per PYE | 0.2c
| 0.2h
| 0.5n
| 0.5j
| 0.2l
| N/A | N/A |
Nausea, % of participants | 9d
| 7 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 5 |
IGlarLixi | ||
---|---|---|
LixiLan-O [39]
n = 468 | LixiLan-L [38]
n = 367 | |
Population | Met ± 2nd OAD Insulin naïve | Basal insulin 15–40 U daily ± 1–2 OADs |
Run-in phase | 4 weeks Met | 6 weeks Met + IGlar U100 |
Baseline HbA1c, % (SD) | 8.1 (0.7) | 8.1 (0.7) |
EOT HbA1c, % (SD) | 6.5 (0.8)a
| 6.9 (0.9)a
|
Mean ΔHbA1c, % (SD) | –1.6 (0.04) | –1.1 (0.06) |
Mean ΔHbA1c, mmol/mol | −17 | −7 |
% patients achieving HbA1c < 7.0% | 74b
| 55b
|
% patients achieving HbA1c ≤ 6.5% | 56b
| 34b
|
EOT FPG, mg/dL (SD) | 113.4 (6.3)* | 122 (41) |
ΔFPG from baseline, mg/dL (SD) | –63.0 (1.8)b* | –6 (3)b
|
Δweight from baseline, kg (SD) | –0.3 (0.2)b
| –0.7 (0.2)b
|
Baseline daily mean insulin dose, U (SD) | N/A | 27 (8) |
Final daily insulin dose, U (SD) | 40 (15)b
| 47 (13)b
|
EOT mean 7-point SMPG, mg/dL (SD) | N/A | 140 (31) |
Δ mean 7-point SMPG from baseline, mg/dL (SD) | –0.69b* | –27 (2)b
|
Δ 2-h postprandial glucose from baseline, mg/dL | –102.6 (3.6)d* | –85 (6)d
|
Confirmed hypoglycemia rates, events per PYE | 1.4c
| 3.03c
|
Nocturnal hypoglycemia rates, events per PYE | N/A | N/A |
Nausea, % of participants | 9.6 | 10.4 |
Practicalities (With Whom, How, and When Do I Use Combination Products?)
Target Population
How to Use
Mean fasting SMPG | Dosage adjustment |
---|---|
IDegLira
| |
Above target range | +2 U (2 U IDeg and 0.072 mg liraglutide) |
Within target range | No adjustment |
Below target range | –2 U (2 U IDeg and 0.072 mg liraglutide) |
IGlarLixi
| |
Above target range | +2 U (2 U IGlar U100 and 0.66 µg lixisenatide) to +4 U (4 U IGlar U100 and 1.32 µg lixisenatide) |
Within target range | No adjustment |
Below target range | –2 U (2 U IGlar U100 and 0.66 µg lixisenatide) to –4 U (4 U IGlar U100 and 1.32 µg lixisenatide) |