Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 6/2009

01.06.2009 | Konsensuspapiere

Therapie idiopathischer Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Revidierte Empfehlungen der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie (GNP) und der Deutschen Migräne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG)

verfasst von: PD Dr. F. Ebinger, P. Kropp, R. Pothmann, F. Heinen, S. Evers

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 6/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Nach den Richtlinien der „evidence-based medicine“ wurden die spezifischen kontrollierten Studien für die Behandlung von idiopathischen Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter analysiert und in Therapieempfehlungen zusammengefasst. Mit der höchsten Evidenz wird für die Behandlung akuter Migräneattacken oder von Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp Ibuprofen (10 mg pro kg Körpergewicht) empfohlen. Als Mittel der zweiten Wahl für alle Altersstufen gilt Paracetamol (15 mg/kg KG). Ab dem 12. Lebensjahr ist für Migräneattacken auch Sumatriptan Nasenspray (10–20 mg) Mittel der zweiten Wahl (im Einzelfall kann es auch bei jüngeren Kindern eingesetzt werden). Bei Versagen der Akutmedikamente der ersten und zweiten Wahl kann auf Substanzen der dritten Wahl wie Zolmitriptan 2,5 mg als Schmelztablette, Zolmitriptan 5 mg als Nasenspray, Rizatriptan 5–10 mg, Almotriptan 12,5 und Dihydroergotamin 20–40 µg/kg KG ausgewichen werden. Für die medikamentöse Prophylaxe der Migräne werden Magnesium, Betablocker (Propranolol oder Metoprolol) und Flunarizin empfohlen. Flunarizin ist auch prophylaktisches Mittel der ersten Wahl bei migräneähnlichen Syndromen. Für andere Kopfschmerzarten liegen keine kontrollierten Studien für das Kindesalter vor. In der nichtmedikamentösen Prophylaxe von Kopfschmerzen im Kindesalter werden mit höchster Evidenz Entspannungsverfahren (progressive Muskelrelaxation), Biofeedbackverfahren und kindgerechte kognitiv-verhaltensorientierte Therapieprogramme empfohlen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abu-Arefeh I, Russell G (1994) Prevalence of headache and migraine in schoolchildren. Br Med J 309:765–769 Abu-Arefeh I, Russell G (1994) Prevalence of headache and migraine in schoolchildren. Br Med J 309:765–769
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Abu-Arafeh I, Russell G (1995) Cyclical vomiting syndrome in children: a population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 21:454–458PubMed Abu-Arafeh I, Russell G (1995) Cyclical vomiting syndrome in children: a population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 21:454–458PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahonen K, Hämäläinen ML, Rantala H, Hoppu K (2004) Nasal sumatriptan is effective in the treatment of migraine attacks in children. Neurology 62:883–887PubMed Ahonen K, Hämäläinen ML, Rantala H, Hoppu K (2004) Nasal sumatriptan is effective in the treatment of migraine attacks in children. Neurology 62:883–887PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahonen K, Hämäläinen ML, Eerola M, Hoppu K (2006) A randomized trial of rizatriptan in migraine attacks in children. Neurology 67:1135–1140PubMed Ahonen K, Hämäläinen ML, Eerola M, Hoppu K (2006) A randomized trial of rizatriptan in migraine attacks in children. Neurology 67:1135–1140PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Alhashimi D, Alhashimi H, Fedorowicz Z (2006) Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005506PubMed Alhashimi D, Alhashimi H, Fedorowicz Z (2006) Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005506PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Allmendinger A, Ebinger F (2007) Diagnostik bei Kopfschmerzen im Kindesalter. Kinder Jugendarzt 38:373–379 Allmendinger A, Ebinger F (2007) Diagnostik bei Kopfschmerzen im Kindesalter. Kinder Jugendarzt 38:373–379
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Ambrosini PJ (2000) A review of pharmacotherapy of major depression in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Serv 51:627–633PubMed Ambrosini PJ (2000) A review of pharmacotherapy of major depression in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Serv 51:627–633PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Amdorfer R, Allen K (2001) Extending the efficacy of a thermal biofeedback treatment package to the management of tension-type headache in children. Headache 41:183–192 Amdorfer R, Allen K (2001) Extending the efficacy of a thermal biofeedback treatment package to the management of tension-type headache in children. Headache 41:183–192
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen JM, Sugerman KS, Lockhart JR, Weinberg WA (1997) Effective prophylactic therapy for cyclic vomiting syndrome in children using amitriptyline or cyproheptadine. Pediatrics 100:977–981PubMed Andersen JM, Sugerman KS, Lockhart JR, Weinberg WA (1997) Effective prophylactic therapy for cyclic vomiting syndrome in children using amitriptyline or cyproheptadine. Pediatrics 100:977–981PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrasik F, Grazzi L, Usai S, Bussone G (2007) Pharmacological treatment compared to behavioural treatment for juvenile tension-type headache: results at two-year follow-up. Neurol Sci 28 (Suppl 2):235–238 Andrasik F, Grazzi L, Usai S, Bussone G (2007) Pharmacological treatment compared to behavioural treatment for juvenile tension-type headache: results at two-year follow-up. Neurol Sci 28 (Suppl 2):235–238
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Anttila P (2006) Tension-type headache in childhood and adolescence. Lancet Neurol 5:268–274PubMed Anttila P (2006) Tension-type headache in childhood and adolescence. Lancet Neurol 5:268–274PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Anttila P, Metsähonkala L, Sillanpää M (2006) Long-term trends in the incidence of headache in Finnish schoolchildren. Pediatrics 117:1197–1201 Anttila P, Metsähonkala L, Sillanpää M (2006) Long-term trends in the incidence of headache in Finnish schoolchildren. Pediatrics 117:1197–1201
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonaci F, Sjaastad O (1989) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH): a review of clinical manifestations. Headache 29:648–656PubMed Antonaci F, Sjaastad O (1989) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH): a review of clinical manifestations. Headache 29:648–656PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonarakis ES, Hain RD (2004) Nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy: drug management in theory and in practice. Arch Dis Child 89:877–880PubMed Antonarakis ES, Hain RD (2004) Nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy: drug management in theory and in practice. Arch Dis Child 89:877–880PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostol G, Cady RK, Laforet GA et al (2008) Divalproex extended-release in adolescent migraine prophylaxis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 48:1012–1025PubMed Apostol G, Cady RK, Laforet GA et al (2008) Divalproex extended-release in adolescent migraine prophylaxis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 48:1012–1025PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Arruda MA, Bordini CA, Ciciarelli MC, Speciali JG (2004) Decreasing the minimal duration of the attack to 1 hour: is this sufficient to increase the sensitivity of the ICHD-II diagnostic criteria for migraine in childhood? J Headache Pain 5:131–136 Arruda MA, Bordini CA, Ciciarelli MC, Speciali JG (2004) Decreasing the minimal duration of the attack to 1 hour: is this sufficient to increase the sensitivity of the ICHD-II diagnostic criteria for migraine in childhood? J Headache Pain 5:131–136
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashrafi MR, Shabanian R, Zamani GR, Mahfelati F (2005) Sodium valproate versus propranolol in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 9:333–338PubMed Ashrafi MR, Shabanian R, Zamani GR, Mahfelati F (2005) Sodium valproate versus propranolol in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 9:333–338PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Balottin U, Termine C (2007) Recommendations for the management of migraine in paediatric patients. Exp Op Pharmacother 8:731–744 Balottin U, Termine C (2007) Recommendations for the management of migraine in paediatric patients. Exp Op Pharmacother 8:731–744
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Barea LM, Tannhauser M, Rotta NT (1996) An epidemiologic study on headache among children and adolescents of southern Brazil. Cephalalgia 16:545–549PubMed Barea LM, Tannhauser M, Rotta NT (1996) An epidemiologic study on headache among children and adolescents of southern Brazil. Cephalalgia 16:545–549PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Battistella PA, Ruffilli R, Moro R et al (1990) A placebo-controlled crossover trial of nimodipine in pediatric migraine. Headache 30: 264–268PubMed Battistella PA, Ruffilli R, Moro R et al (1990) A placebo-controlled crossover trial of nimodipine in pediatric migraine. Headache 30: 264–268PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Battistella PA, Ruffilli R, Cernetti R et al (1993) A placebo-controlled crossover trial using trazodone in pediatric migraine. Headache 33:36–39PubMed Battistella PA, Ruffilli R, Cernetti R et al (1993) A placebo-controlled crossover trial using trazodone in pediatric migraine. Headache 33:36–39PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumann RJ (2002) Behavioral treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 4:555–561 Baumann RJ (2002) Behavioral treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 4:555–561
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Benson JM, Zorn SL, Book LS (1995) Sumatriptan in the treatment of cyclic vomiting. Ann Pharmacother 29:997–999PubMed Benson JM, Zorn SL, Book LS (1995) Sumatriptan in the treatment of cyclic vomiting. Ann Pharmacother 29:997–999PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Tepper SJ et al (2004) Primary chronic daily headache and its subtypes in adolescents and adults. Neurology 63:843–847PubMed Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Tepper SJ et al (2004) Primary chronic daily headache and its subtypes in adolescents and adults. Neurology 63:843–847PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Bille B (1981) Migraine in childhood and its prognosis. Cephalalgia 1:71–75PubMed Bille B (1981) Migraine in childhood and its prognosis. Cephalalgia 1:71–75PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Bille B (1997) A 40-year follow-up of school children with migraine. Cephalalgia 17:488–4491PubMed Bille B (1997) A 40-year follow-up of school children with migraine. Cephalalgia 17:488–4491PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Blättler T, Capone Mori A, Boltshauser E, Bassetti C (2006) Symptomatic SUNCT in an eleven-year-old girl. Neurology 60:2012–2013 Blättler T, Capone Mori A, Boltshauser E, Bassetti C (2006) Symptomatic SUNCT in an eleven-year-old girl. Neurology 60:2012–2013
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Boccia G, Del Giudice E, Crisanti AF et al (2006) Functional gastrointestinal disorders in migrainous children: efficacy of flunarizine. Cephalalgia 26:1214–1219PubMed Boccia G, Del Giudice E, Crisanti AF et al (2006) Functional gastrointestinal disorders in migrainous children: efficacy of flunarizine. Cephalalgia 26:1214–1219PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolton CM, Myles PS, Nolan T, Sterne JA (2006) Prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 97:593–604PubMed Bolton CM, Myles PS, Nolan T, Sterne JA (2006) Prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 97:593–604PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Borzy JC, Koch TK, Schimschock JR (2005) Effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of pediatric chronic daily headache. Pediatr Neurol 33:314–316PubMed Borzy JC, Koch TK, Schimschock JR (2005) Effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of pediatric chronic daily headache. Pediatr Neurol 33:314–316PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourgeois M, Aicardi J, Goutieres F (1993) Alternating hemiplegia of childhood. J Pediatr 122:673–679PubMed Bourgeois M, Aicardi J, Goutieres F (1993) Alternating hemiplegia of childhood. J Pediatr 122:673–679PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Bronfort G, Nilsson N, Haas M et al (2004) Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD001878PubMed Bronfort G, Nilsson N, Haas M et al (2004) Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD001878PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruni O, Galli F, Guidetti V (1999) Sleep hygiene and migraine in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia 19 (Suppl 25):57–59PubMed Bruni O, Galli F, Guidetti V (1999) Sleep hygiene and migraine in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia 19 (Suppl 25):57–59PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bussone G, Grazzi L, D’Amico D et al (1998) Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for young adolescents with tension-type headache: a controlled study. Cephalalgia 18: 463–467PubMed Bussone G, Grazzi L, D’Amico D et al (1998) Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for young adolescents with tension-type headache: a controlled study. Cephalalgia 18: 463–467PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Campistol J, Campos J, Casas C, Herranz JL (2005) Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in children. J Child Neurol 20:251–253PubMed Campistol J, Campos J, Casas C, Herranz JL (2005) Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in children. J Child Neurol 20:251–253PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Caruso JM, Brown WD, Exil G, Gascon GG (2000) The efficacy of divalproex sodium in the prophylactic treatment of children with migraine. Headache 40:672–676PubMed Caruso JM, Brown WD, Exil G, Gascon GG (2000) The efficacy of divalproex sodium in the prophylactic treatment of children with migraine. Headache 40:672–676PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Casaer P (1987) Flunarizine in alternating hemiplegia in childhood. An international study in 12 children. Neuropediatrics 18:191–195PubMed Casaer P (1987) Flunarizine in alternating hemiplegia in childhood. An international study in 12 children. Neuropediatrics 18:191–195PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Childs AM, Meaney JF, Ferrie CD, Holland PC (2000) Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerve: three case reports. Arch Dis Child 82:311–315PubMed Childs AM, Meaney JF, Ferrie CD, Holland PC (2000) Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerve: three case reports. Arch Dis Child 82:311–315PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Congdon PJ, Forsythe WI (1979) Migraine in childhood: a study of 300 children. Dev Med Child Neurol 21:209–216 Congdon PJ, Forsythe WI (1979) Migraine in childhood: a study of 300 children. Dev Med Child Neurol 21:209–216
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Curless RG (1982) Cluster headaches in childhood. J Pediatrics 101:393–395 Curless RG (1982) Cluster headaches in childhood. J Pediatrics 101:393–395
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Damen L, Bruijn J, Koes BW et al (2006) Prophylactic treatment of migraine in children, part 1. A systematic review of non-pharmacological trials. Cephalalgia 26:373–383PubMed Damen L, Bruijn J, Koes BW et al (2006) Prophylactic treatment of migraine in children, part 1. A systematic review of non-pharmacological trials. Cephalalgia 26:373–383PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Damen L, Bruijn JKJ, Verhagen AP et al (2006) Prophylactic treatment of migraine in children, part 2. A systematic review of pharmacological trials. Cephalalgia 26:497–505PubMed Damen L, Bruijn JKJ, Verhagen AP et al (2006) Prophylactic treatment of migraine in children, part 2. A systematic review of pharmacological trials. Cephalalgia 26:497–505PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Andrea G, Granella F (2001) SUNCT syndrome: the first case in childhood. Cephalalgia 21:701–702 D’Andrea G, Granella F (2001) SUNCT syndrome: the first case in childhood. Cephalalgia 21:701–702
44.
Zurück zum Zitat De Almeida DB, Cunali PA, Santos HL et al (2004) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in early childhood: a case report. Cephalalgia 24:608–609 De Almeida DB, Cunali PA, Santos HL et al (2004) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in early childhood: a case report. Cephalalgia 24:608–609
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Denecke H, Kröner-Herwig B (2000) Kopfschmerz-Therapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ein Trainingsprogramm. Hogrefe, Göttingen Denecke H, Kröner-Herwig B (2000) Kopfschmerz-Therapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ein Trainingsprogramm. Hogrefe, Göttingen
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Dignan F, Symon DNK, AbuArafeh I, Russell G (2001) The prognosis of cyclical vomiting syndrome. Arch Dis Child 84:55–57PubMed Dignan F, Symon DNK, AbuArafeh I, Russell G (2001) The prognosis of cyclical vomiting syndrome. Arch Dis Child 84:55–57PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Dyb G, Holmen TL, Zwart JA (2006) Analgesic overuse among adolescents with headache: the Head-HUNT-Youth Study. Neurology 66:198–201PubMed Dyb G, Holmen TL, Zwart JA (2006) Analgesic overuse among adolescents with headache: the Head-HUNT-Youth Study. Neurology 66:198–201PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebinger F (2003) Der kindliche Kopfschmerz. Besserung in der Pubertät oder ein Erwachsenenschicksal? Pädiatr Praxis 64:23–30 Ebinger F (2003) Der kindliche Kopfschmerz. Besserung in der Pubertät oder ein Erwachsenenschicksal? Pädiatr Praxis 64:23–30
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebinger F (2005) Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein Update. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik Praxis 4:136–144 Ebinger F (2005) Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein Update. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik Praxis 4:136–144
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Eccleston C, Morley S, Williams A et al (2002) Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of psychological therapy for chronic pain in children and adolescents, with a subset meta-analysis of pain relief. Pain 99:157–165PubMed Eccleston C, Morley S, Williams A et al (2002) Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of psychological therapy for chronic pain in children and adolescents, with a subset meta-analysis of pain relief. Pain 99:157–165PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Egger J, Carter DM, Wilson J et al (1983) Is migraine food allergy? A double-blind controlled trial of oligoantigenic diet treatment. Lancet ii:865–869 Egger J, Carter DM, Wilson J et al (1983) Is migraine food allergy? A double-blind controlled trial of oligoantigenic diet treatment. Lancet ii:865–869
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Ekbom K (1999) Cluster headache: a clinical and pathophysiological review. In: Olesen J, Goadsby PJ (eds) Cluster headache and related conditions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 13–22 Ekbom K (1999) Cluster headache: a clinical and pathophysiological review. In: Olesen J, Goadsby PJ (eds) Cluster headache and related conditions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 13–22
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ertekin V, Selimoglu MA, Altnkaynak S (2006) Prevalence of cyclic vomiting syndrome in a sample of Turkish school children in an urban area. J Clin Gastroenterol 40:896–898PubMed Ertekin V, Selimoglu MA, Altnkaynak S (2006) Prevalence of cyclic vomiting syndrome in a sample of Turkish school children in an urban area. J Clin Gastroenterol 40:896–898PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers S, Bauer B, Grotemeyer KH et al (1998) Event-related potentials (P300) in childhood and adolescence primary headache. J Child Neurol 13:322–326PubMed Evers S, Bauer B, Grotemeyer KH et al (1998) Event-related potentials (P300) in childhood and adolescence primary headache. J Child Neurol 13:322–326PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers S, Frese A, Majewski A et al (2002) Age of onset in cluster headache: the clinical spectrum. Cephalalgia 22:160–162PubMed Evers S, Frese A, Majewski A et al (2002) Age of onset in cluster headache: the clinical spectrum. Cephalalgia 22:160–162PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers S, Frese A, May A et al (2005) Therapie seltener idiopathischer Kopfschmerzerkrankungen. Nervenheilkunde 24:217–226 Evers S, Frese A, May A et al (2005) Therapie seltener idiopathischer Kopfschmerzerkrankungen. Nervenheilkunde 24:217–226
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers S, Rahmann A, Kraemer C et al (2006) Treatment of childhood migraine attacks with oral zolmitriptan and ibuprofen. Neurology 67:497–499PubMed Evers S, Rahmann A, Kraemer C et al (2006) Treatment of childhood migraine attacks with oral zolmitriptan and ibuprofen. Neurology 67:497–499PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers S (2007) Controlled trials in pediatric migraine: crossover versus parallel group. Curr Pain Headache Rep 11:241–244PubMed Evers S (2007) Controlled trials in pediatric migraine: crossover versus parallel group. Curr Pain Headache Rep 11:241–244PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Fendrich K, Vennemann M, Pfaffenrath V et al (2007) Headache prevalence among adolescents – the German DMKG headache study. Cephalalgia 27:347–354PubMed Fendrich K, Vennemann M, Pfaffenrath V et al (2007) Headache prevalence among adolescents – the German DMKG headache study. Cephalalgia 27:347–354PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferriere G (1985) Flunarizine in the prophylactic treatment of paediatric migraine. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 3):176–177 Ferriere G (1985) Flunarizine in the prophylactic treatment of paediatric migraine. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 3):176–177
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Fichtel A, Larsson B (2001) Does relaxation treatment have differential effects on migraine and tension-type headache in adolescents? Headache 41:290–296PubMed Fichtel A, Larsson B (2001) Does relaxation treatment have differential effects on migraine and tension-type headache in adolescents? Headache 41:290–296PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Fichtel, Larsson B (2004) Relaxation treatment administered by school nurses to adolescents with recurrent headache. Headache 44:545–554PubMed Fichtel, Larsson B (2004) Relaxation treatment administered by school nurses to adolescents with recurrent headache. Headache 44:545–554PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzgerald DA (2007) Aspirin and Reye syndrome. Pediatr Drugs 9:205–206 Fitzgerald DA (2007) Aspirin and Reye syndrome. Pediatr Drugs 9:205–206
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzpatrick E, Bourke B, Drumm B, Rowland M (2007) Outcome for children with cyclical vomiting syndrome. Arch Dis Child 92:1001–1004PubMed Fitzpatrick E, Bourke B, Drumm B, Rowland M (2007) Outcome for children with cyclical vomiting syndrome. Arch Dis Child 92:1001–1004PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Forsythe WI, Gillies D, Sills MA (1984) Propranolol (Inderal) in the treatment of childhood migraine. Dev Med Child Neurol 26:737–741PubMed Forsythe WI, Gillies D, Sills MA (1984) Propranolol (Inderal) in the treatment of childhood migraine. Dev Med Child Neurol 26:737–741PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Fragoso YD, Machado PC (1998) Hemicrania continua with onset at an early age. Headache 38:792–793PubMed Fragoso YD, Machado PC (1998) Hemicrania continua with onset at an early age. Headache 38:792–793PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Frankenberg S (1999) Ernährungsverhaltensberatung bei Kopfschmerzen. Schmerz 13 (Suppl 1):38 Frankenberg S (1999) Ernährungsverhaltensberatung bei Kopfschmerzen. Schmerz 13 (Suppl 1):38
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Freedman SB, Fuchs S (2004) Antiemetic therapy in pediatric emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care 20:625–633PubMed Freedman SB, Fuchs S (2004) Antiemetic therapy in pediatric emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care 20:625–633PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Fusco C, Pisani F, Faienza C (2003) Idiopathic stabbing headache: clinical characteristics of children and adolescents. Brain Dev 25:237–240PubMed Fusco C, Pisani F, Faienza C (2003) Idiopathic stabbing headache: clinical characteristics of children and adolescents. Brain Dev 25:237–240PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerber WD, Gerber-von-Müller G (2002) Verhaltensmedizinische Aspekte chronischer Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Kindh Entwickl 11:140–151 Gerber WD, Gerber-von-Müller G (2002) Verhaltensmedizinische Aspekte chronischer Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Kindh Entwickl 11:140–151
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillies D, Sills M, Forsythe I (1986) Pizotifen (Sandomigran) in childhood migraine. Eur Neurol 25:32–35PubMed Gillies D, Sills M, Forsythe I (1986) Pizotifen (Sandomigran) in childhood migraine. Eur Neurol 25:32–35PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Gladstein J, Holden EW, Peralta L (1994) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a child. Headache 34:519–520PubMed Gladstein J, Holden EW, Peralta L (1994) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a child. Headache 34:519–520PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Gokhale R, Huttenlocher PR, Brady L, Kirschner BS (1997) Use of barbiturate in the treatment of cyclic vomiting during childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 25:64–67PubMed Gokhale R, Huttenlocher PR, Brady L, Kirschner BS (1997) Use of barbiturate in the treatment of cyclic vomiting during childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 25:64–67PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein M, Chen TC (1982) The epidemiology of disabling headache. Adv Neurol 33:377–390PubMed Goldstein M, Chen TC (1982) The epidemiology of disabling headache. Adv Neurol 33:377–390PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottschling S, Meyer S, Gribova I et al (2008) Laser acupuncture in children with headache: A double-blind, randomized, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 137:405–412PubMed Gottschling S, Meyer S, Gribova I et al (2008) Laser acupuncture in children with headache: A double-blind, randomized, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 137:405–412PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S et al (2004) Pharmacological behavioural treatment for children and adolescents with tension-type headache. Neurol Sci 25:S270–S271PubMed Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S et al (2004) Pharmacological behavioural treatment for children and adolescents with tension-type headache. Neurol Sci 25:S270–S271PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G (2005) Magnesium as a treatment for pediatric tension-type headache: a clinical replication series. Neurol Sci 25:338–341PubMed Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G (2005) Magnesium as a treatment for pediatric tension-type headache: a clinical replication series. Neurol Sci 25:338–341PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G (2007) Magnesium as a preventive treatment for paediatric episodic tension-type headache: results at 1-year follow-up. Neurol Sci 28:148–150PubMed Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G (2007) Magnesium as a preventive treatment for paediatric episodic tension-type headache: results at 1-year follow-up. Neurol Sci 28:148–150PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Guidetti V, Moscato D, Ottaviano S et al (1987) Flunarizine and migraine in childhood. An evaluation of endocrine function. Cephalalgia 7:263–266PubMed Guidetti V, Moscato D, Ottaviano S et al (1987) Flunarizine and migraine in childhood. An evaluation of endocrine function. Cephalalgia 7:263–266PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Haag G, Baar H, Grotemeyer KH et al (1999) Prophylaxe und Therapie des medikamenteninduzierten Dauerkopfschmerzes. Therapieempfehlungen der Deutschen Migräne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft. Nervenheilkunde 18:143–146 Haag G, Baar H, Grotemeyer KH et al (1999) Prophylaxe und Therapie des medikamenteninduzierten Dauerkopfschmerzes. Therapieempfehlungen der Deutschen Migräne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft. Nervenheilkunde 18:143–146
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Haghighat M, Rafie SM, Dehghani SM et al (2007) Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: experience with 181 cases from southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol 13:1833–1836PubMed Haghighat M, Rafie SM, Dehghani SM et al (2007) Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: experience with 181 cases from southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol 13:1833–1836PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P (1997) Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children. Neurology 48:103–107PubMed Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P (1997) Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children. Neurology 48:103–107PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Santavuori P (1997) Sumatriptan for migraine attacks in children: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 48:1100–1103PubMed Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Santavuori P (1997) Sumatriptan for migraine attacks in children: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 48:1100–1103PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Santavuori P (1997) Oral dihydroergotamine for therapy-resistant migraine attacks in children. Pediatr Neurol 16:114–117PubMed Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Santavuori P (1997) Oral dihydroergotamine for therapy-resistant migraine attacks in children. Pediatr Neurol 16:114–117PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Harel Z, Cascon G, Riggs S et al (2002) Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of recurrent migraines in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 31:154–161PubMed Harel Z, Cascon G, Riggs S et al (2002) Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of recurrent migraines in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 31:154–161PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2004) The international classification of headache disorders, 2nd edition. Cephalalgia 24 (Suppl 1):1–160 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2004) The international classification of headache disorders, 2nd edition. Cephalalgia 24 (Suppl 1):1–160
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Hering-Hanit R, Gadoth N, Cohen A, Horev Z (2001) Successful withdrawal from analgesic abuse in a group of youngsters with chronic daily headache. J Child Neurol 16:448–449PubMed Hering-Hanit R, Gadoth N, Cohen A, Horev Z (2001) Successful withdrawal from analgesic abuse in a group of youngsters with chronic daily headache. J Child Neurol 16:448–449PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Hering-Hanit R, Gadoth N (2003) Caffeine-induced headache in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia 23:332–335PubMed Hering-Hanit R, Gadoth N (2003) Caffeine-induced headache in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia 23:332–335PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Hermann C, Kim M, Blanchard EB (1995) Behavioral and prophylactic pharmacological intervention studies of pediatric migraine: an exploratory meta-analysis. Pain 60:239–256PubMed Hermann C, Kim M, Blanchard EB (1995) Behavioral and prophylactic pharmacological intervention studies of pediatric migraine: an exploratory meta-analysis. Pain 60:239–256PubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Hershey AD, Powers SW, Bentti AL, deGrauw TJ (2000) Effectiveness of amitriptyline in the prophylactic management of childhood headaches. Headache 40:539–549PubMed Hershey AD, Powers SW, Bentti AL, deGrauw TJ (2000) Effectiveness of amitriptyline in the prophylactic management of childhood headaches. Headache 40:539–549PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Hershey AD, Powers SW, LeCates S, Bentti AL (2001) Effectiveness of nasal Sumatriptan in 5- to 12-year-old children. Headache 41:693–697PubMed Hershey AD, Powers SW, LeCates S, Bentti AL (2001) Effectiveness of nasal Sumatriptan in 5- to 12-year-old children. Headache 41:693–697PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB (2002) Effectiveness of topiramate in the prevention of childhood headaches. Headache 42:810–818PubMed Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB (2002) Effectiveness of topiramate in the prevention of childhood headaches. Headache 42:810–818PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB (2007) Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and response to supplementation in pediatric and adolescent migraine. Headache 47:73–80PubMed Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB (2007) Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and response to supplementation in pediatric and adolescent migraine. Headache 47:73–80PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang W, Chi Z, Ma L et al (2006) Topiramate: a new agent for patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neuropediatrics 37:229–233PubMed Jiang W, Chi Z, Ma L et al (2006) Topiramate: a new agent for patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neuropediatrics 37:229–233PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Kandt RS, Daniel FL (1986) Glossopharyngeal neuralgia in a child. A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Arch Neurol 43:301–302PubMed Kandt RS, Daniel FL (1986) Glossopharyngeal neuralgia in a child. A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Arch Neurol 43:301–302PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Karch D, Boltshauser E, Groß-Selbeck G et al (2005) Manualmedizinische Behandlung des KISS-Syndroms und der Atlastherapie nach Arlen. Stellungnahme der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie e.V.: Kommission zu Behandlungsverfahren bei Entwicklungsstörungen und zerebralen Bewegungsstörungen. Manuelle Med 43:100–105 Karch D, Boltshauser E, Groß-Selbeck G et al (2005) Manualmedizinische Behandlung des KISS-Syndroms und der Atlastherapie nach Arlen. Stellungnahme der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie e.V.: Kommission zu Behandlungsverfahren bei Entwicklungsstörungen und zerebralen Bewegungsstörungen. Manuelle Med 43:100–105
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Klassen BD, Dooley JM (2000) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania-like headache in a child: response to a headache diary. Headache 40:853–855PubMed Klassen BD, Dooley JM (2000) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania-like headache in a child: response to a headache diary. Headache 40:853–855PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Korsgard AG (1995) The tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents [abstract]. Cephalalgia 15 (Suppl 16):99 Korsgard AG (1995) The tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents [abstract]. Cephalalgia 15 (Suppl 16):99
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Kossoff EH, Mankad DN (2006) Medication-overuse headache in children: is initial preventive therapy necessary? J Child Neurol 21:45–48PubMed Kossoff EH, Mankad DN (2006) Medication-overuse headache in children: is initial preventive therapy necessary? J Child Neurol 21:45–48PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Kothare SV (2005) Efficacy of flunarizine in the prophylaxis of cyclical vomiting syndrome and abdominal migraine. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 9:23–26PubMed Kothare SV (2005) Efficacy of flunarizine in the prophylaxis of cyclical vomiting syndrome and abdominal migraine. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 9:23–26PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovac AL (2007) Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Paediatr Drugs 9 47–69 Kovac AL (2007) Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Paediatr Drugs 9 47–69
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Kröner-Herwig B, Mohn U, Pothmann R (1998) Comparison of biofeedback and relaxation in the treatment of pediatric headache and the influence of parent involvement on outcome. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 23:143–157PubMed Kröner-Herwig B, Mohn U, Pothmann R (1998) Comparison of biofeedback and relaxation in the treatment of pediatric headache and the influence of parent involvement on outcome. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 23:143–157PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Kröner-Herwig B, Heinrich M, Morris L (2007) Headache in German children and adolescents: a population-based epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 27:519–527PubMed Kröner-Herwig B, Heinrich M, Morris L (2007) Headache in German children and adolescents: a population-based epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 27:519–527PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruse M, Ebinger F (2007) Alternierende Hemiplegie im Kindesalter – ein Update. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik und Praxis 6:64–69 Kruse M, Ebinger F (2007) Alternierende Hemiplegie im Kindesalter – ein Update. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik und Praxis 6:64–69
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Krymchantowski AV, Nobre ME, Moreira P (2000) Low-dose flunarizine for the prevention of migraine in children. Headache 11:119–121 Krymchantowski AV, Nobre ME, Moreira P (2000) Low-dose flunarizine for the prevention of migraine in children. Headache 11:119–121
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Kudrow L (1980) Cluster headache: mMechanism and management. Oxford University Press, Oxford Kudrow L (1980) Cluster headache: mMechanism and management. Oxford University Press, Oxford
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Kudrow DB, Kudrow L (1989) Successful aspirin prophylaxis in a child with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. Headache 29:280–281PubMed Kudrow DB, Kudrow L (1989) Successful aspirin prophylaxis in a child with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. Headache 29:280–281PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakshmi CV, Singhi P, Malhi P, Ray M (2007) Topiramate in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol 22:829–835PubMed Lakshmi CV, Singhi P, Malhi P, Ray M (2007) Topiramate in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol 22:829–835PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Lampl C (2002) Childhood-onset cluster headache. Pediatr Neurol 27:138–140PubMed Lampl C (2002) Childhood-onset cluster headache. Pediatr Neurol 27:138–140PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsson B, Carlsson J, Fichtel A, Melin L (2005) Relaxation treatment of adolescent headache sufferers: Results from a school-based replication series. Headache 45:692–704PubMed Larsson B, Carlsson J, Fichtel A, Melin L (2005) Relaxation treatment of adolescent headache sufferers: Results from a school-based replication series. Headache 45:692–704PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee LH, Olness KN (1997) Clinical and demographic characteristics of migraine in urban children. Headache 37:269–276PubMed Lee LH, Olness KN (1997) Clinical and demographic characteristics of migraine in urban children. Headache 37:269–276PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung AK, Robson WL (2007) Acute gastroenteritis in children: role of anti-emetic medication for gastroenteritis-related vomiting. Paediatr Drugs 9:175–184PubMed Leung AK, Robson WL (2007) Acute gastroenteritis in children: role of anti-emetic medication for gastroenteritis-related vomiting. Paediatr Drugs 9:175–184PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis DW, Kellstein D, Dahl G et al (2002) Children’s ibuprofen suspension for the acute treatment of pediatric migraine headache. Headache 42:780–786PubMed Lewis DW, Kellstein D, Dahl G et al (2002) Children’s ibuprofen suspension for the acute treatment of pediatric migraine headache. Headache 42:780–786PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis D, Ashwal S, Hershey A et al (2004) Practice parameter: pharmacological treatment of migraine headache in children and adolescents. Report of the American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 63:2215–2224PubMed Lewis D, Ashwal S, Hershey A et al (2004) Practice parameter: pharmacological treatment of migraine headache in children and adolescents. Report of the American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 63:2215–2224PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis D, Diamond S, Scott D, Jones V (2004) Prophylactic treatment of pediatric migraine. Headache 44:230–237PubMed Lewis D, Diamond S, Scott D, Jones V (2004) Prophylactic treatment of pediatric migraine. Headache 44:230–237PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis DW, Gozzo YF, Avner MT (2005) The other primary headaches in children and adolescents. Pediatr Neurol 33:303–313PubMed Lewis DW, Gozzo YF, Avner MT (2005) The other primary headaches in children and adolescents. Pediatr Neurol 33:303–313PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis DW, Paradiso E (2007) A double-blind, dose comparison study of topiramate for prophylaxis of basilar-type migraine in children: a pilot study. Headache 47:1409–1417PubMed Lewis DW, Paradiso E (2007) A double-blind, dose comparison study of topiramate for prophylaxis of basilar-type migraine in children: a pilot study. Headache 47:1409–1417PubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis DW, Winner P, Hershey AF, Wasiewski WW (2007) Adolescent Migraine Steering Committee. Efficacy of zolmitriptan nasal spray in adolescent migraine. Pediatrics 120:390–396PubMed Lewis DW, Winner P, Hershey AF, Wasiewski WW (2007) Adolescent Migraine Steering Committee. Efficacy of zolmitriptan nasal spray in adolescent migraine. Pediatrics 120:390–396PubMed
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Li BU, Murray RD, Heitlinger LA et al (1999) Is cyclic vomiting syndrome related to migraine? J Pediatr 134:567–572PubMed Li BU, Murray RD, Heitlinger LA et al (1999) Is cyclic vomiting syndrome related to migraine? J Pediatr 134:567–572PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Linder SL (1994) Treatment of childhood headache with dihydroergotamine mesylate. Headache 34:578–580PubMed Linder SL (1994) Treatment of childhood headache with dihydroergotamine mesylate. Headache 34:578–580PubMed
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Linder SL (1996) Subcutaneous sumatriptan in the clinical setting: the first 50 consecutive patients with acute migraine in a pediatric neurology office practice. Headache 36:419–422PubMed Linder SL (1996) Subcutaneous sumatriptan in the clinical setting: the first 50 consecutive patients with acute migraine in a pediatric neurology office practice. Headache 36:419–422PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Linder SL, Mathew NT, Cady RK et al (2006) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral almotriptan 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, and 25 mg in the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents. Ann Neurol 60:S152 Linder SL, Mathew NT, Cady RK et al (2006) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral almotriptan 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, and 25 mg in the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents. Ann Neurol 60:S152
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Longo G, Rudoi I, Iannuccelli M et al (1984) Treatment of essential headache in developmental age with L-5-HTP (crossover double-blind study versus placebo). Pediatr Med Chir 6:241–245PubMed Longo G, Rudoi I, Iannuccelli M et al (1984) Treatment of essential headache in developmental age with L-5-HTP (crossover double-blind study versus placebo). Pediatr Med Chir 6:241–245PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Lopes PG, Castro ES Jr, Lopes LH (2002) Trigeminal neuralgia in children: two case reports. Pediatr Neurol 26:309–310PubMed Lopes PG, Castro ES Jr, Lopes LH (2002) Trigeminal neuralgia in children: two case reports. Pediatr Neurol 26:309–310PubMed
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Ludvigsson J (1974) Propranolol used in prophylaxis of migraine in children. Acta Neurol Scand 50:109–115PubMedCrossRef Ludvigsson J (1974) Propranolol used in prophylaxis of migraine in children. Acta Neurol Scand 50:109–115PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Luka-Krausgrill U (1998) Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In: Hautzinger M (Hrsg) Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei psychischen Störungen. Beltz, Weinheim, S 477–516 Luka-Krausgrill U (1998) Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In: Hautzinger M (Hrsg) Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei psychischen Störungen. Beltz, Weinheim, S 477–516
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Lütschg J, Vassella F (1990) Behandlung der kindlichen Migräne mit Flunarizin bzw. Propranolol. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 120:1731–1736PubMed Lütschg J, Vassella F (1990) Behandlung der kindlichen Migräne mit Flunarizin bzw. Propranolol. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 120:1731–1736PubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat MacDonald JT (1994) Treatment of juvenile migraine with subcutaneous sumatriptan. Headache 34:581–582PubMed MacDonald JT (1994) Treatment of juvenile migraine with subcutaneous sumatriptan. Headache 34:581–582PubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Mack KJ (2004) What incites new daily persistent headache in children? Pediatr Neurol 31:122–125PubMed Mack KJ (2004) What incites new daily persistent headache in children? Pediatr Neurol 31:122–125PubMed
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Marshall PC, Rosman NP (1977) Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia in a 5-year-old child. Pediatrics 60:331–333PubMed Marshall PC, Rosman NP (1977) Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia in a 5-year-old child. Pediatrics 60:331–333PubMed
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason WE, Kollros P, Jannetta PJ (1991) Trigeminal neuralgia and its treatment in a 13-month-old child: a review and case report. J Craniomandib Disord 5:213–216PubMed Mason WE, Kollros P, Jannetta PJ (1991) Trigeminal neuralgia and its treatment in a 13-month-old child: a review and case report. J Craniomandib Disord 5:213–216PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Mauskop A, Farkkila M, Hering-Hanit R et al (1999) Zolmitriptan is effective for the treatment of persistent and recurrent migraine headache. Curr Med Res Opin 15:282–289PubMed Mauskop A, Farkkila M, Hering-Hanit R et al (1999) Zolmitriptan is effective for the treatment of persistent and recurrent migraine headache. Curr Med Res Opin 15:282–289PubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat May A, Evers S, Straube A et al (2004) Therapie und Prophylaxe von Clusterkopfschmerzen und anderen trigemino-autonomen Kopfschmerzen. Nervenheilkunde 23:478–490 May A, Evers S, Straube A et al (2004) Therapie und Prophylaxe von Clusterkopfschmerzen und anderen trigemino-autonomen Kopfschmerzen. Nervenheilkunde 23:478–490
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Maytal J, Lipton RB, Solomon S, Shinnar S (1992) Childhood onset cluster headache. Headache 32:275–279PubMed Maytal J, Lipton RB, Solomon S, Shinnar S (1992) Childhood onset cluster headache. Headache 32:275–279PubMed
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Maytal J, Young M, Shechter A, Lipton RB (1997) Pediatric migraine and the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Neurology 48:602–607PubMed Maytal J, Young M, Shechter A, Lipton RB (1997) Pediatric migraine and the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Neurology 48:602–607PubMed
136.
Zurück zum Zitat McNabb S, Whitehouse W (1999) Cluster headache-like disorder in childhood. Arch Dis Child 81:511–512PubMed McNabb S, Whitehouse W (1999) Cluster headache-like disorder in childhood. Arch Dis Child 81:511–512PubMed
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Melchart D, Linde K, Fischer P et al (1999) Acupuncture for recurrent headaches: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cephalalgia 19:779–786PubMed Melchart D, Linde K, Fischer P et al (1999) Acupuncture for recurrent headaches: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cephalalgia 19:779–786PubMed
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Metsähonkala L, Sillanpää M, Tuominen J (1998) Social Environment and headache on 8- to 9-year-old children: a follow-up study. Headache 38:222–228PubMed Metsähonkala L, Sillanpää M, Tuominen J (1998) Social Environment and headache on 8- to 9-year-old children: a follow-up study. Headache 38:222–228PubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller GS (2004) Efficacy and safety of levetiracetamin pediatric migraine. Headache 44:238–243PubMed Miller GS (2004) Efficacy and safety of levetiracetamin pediatric migraine. Headache 44:238–243PubMed
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Millichap JG, Yee MM (2003) The diet factor in pediatric and adolescent migraine. Pediatr Neurol 28:9–15PubMed Millichap JG, Yee MM (2003) The diet factor in pediatric and adolescent migraine. Pediatr Neurol 28:9–15PubMed
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Monastero R, Camarda R, Pipia C, Camarda R (2006) Prognosis of migraine headache in adolescents: a 10-year follow-up study. Neurology 76:1353–1356 Monastero R, Camarda R, Pipia C, Camarda R (2006) Prognosis of migraine headache in adolescents: a 10-year follow-up study. Neurology 76:1353–1356
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Mortimer MJ, Kay J, Jaron A (1992) Epidemiology of headache and childhood migraine in an urban general practice using Ad hoc, Vahlquist and IHS criteria. Dev Med Child Neurol 34:516–523 Mortimer MJ, Kay J, Jaron A (1992) Epidemiology of headache and childhood migraine in an urban general practice using Ad hoc, Vahlquist and IHS criteria. Dev Med Child Neurol 34:516–523
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Mortimer MJ, Kay J, Jaron A (1993) Clinical epidemiology of childhood abdominal migraine in an urban general practice. Dev Med Child Neurol 35:243–248PubMedCrossRef Mortimer MJ, Kay J, Jaron A (1993) Clinical epidemiology of childhood abdominal migraine in an urban general practice. Dev Med Child Neurol 35:243–248PubMedCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Noronha MJ (1985) Double blind randomised cross-over trial of timolol in migraine prophylaxis of children. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 3):174–175 Noronha MJ (1985) Double blind randomised cross-over trial of timolol in migraine prophylaxis of children. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 3):174–175
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Oelkers-Ax R, Leins A, Parzer P et al (2008) Butterbur root extract and music therapy in the prevention of childhood migraine: an explorative study. Europ J Pain 12:301–313 Oelkers-Ax R, Leins A, Parzer P et al (2008) Butterbur root extract and music therapy in the prevention of childhood migraine: an explorative study. Europ J Pain 12:301–313
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Olness K, MacDonald JT, Uden DL (1987) Comparison of self-hypnosis and propranolol in the treatment of juvenile classic migraine. Pediatrics 79:593–597PubMed Olness K, MacDonald JT, Uden DL (1987) Comparison of self-hypnosis and propranolol in the treatment of juvenile classic migraine. Pediatrics 79:593–597PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Pakalnis A, Greenberg G, Drake ME, Paolichi J (2001) Pediatric migraine prophylaxis with divalproex. J ChildNeurol 16:731–734 Pakalnis A, Greenberg G, Drake ME, Paolichi J (2001) Pediatric migraine prophylaxis with divalproex. J ChildNeurol 16:731–734
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Pakalnis A, Kring D (2006) Zonisamide prophylaxis in refractory pediatric headache. Headache 46:804–807PubMed Pakalnis A, Kring D (2006) Zonisamide prophylaxis in refractory pediatric headache. Headache 46:804–807PubMed
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Pakalnis A, Kring D, Meier L (2007) Levetiracetam prophylaxis in pediatric migraine – an open-label study. Headache 47:427–430PubMed Pakalnis A, Kring D, Meier L (2007) Levetiracetam prophylaxis in pediatric migraine – an open-label study. Headache 47:427–430PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Pascual J, Berciano J (1995) Clinical experience with headaches in preadolescent children. Headache 35:551–553PubMed Pascual J, Berciano J (1995) Clinical experience with headaches in preadolescent children. Headache 35:551–553PubMed
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfefferbaum B, Hagberg CA (1993) Pharmacological management of pain in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:235–242PubMedCrossRef Pfefferbaum B, Hagberg CA (1993) Pharmacological management of pain in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:235–242PubMedCrossRef
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Pintov S, Lahat E, Alstein M et al (1997) Acupuncture and the opioid system: implications in management of migraine. Pediatr Neurol 17:129–133PubMed Pintov S, Lahat E, Alstein M et al (1997) Acupuncture and the opioid system: implications in management of migraine. Pediatr Neurol 17:129–133PubMed
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R (1987) Calcium-antagonist flunarizine vs. low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in childhood migraine; a double-blind study. Cephalalgia 7 (Suppl 6):385–386 Pothmann R (1987) Calcium-antagonist flunarizine vs. low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in childhood migraine; a double-blind study. Cephalalgia 7 (Suppl 6):385–386
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R (1990) Transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation zur Schmerztherapie. Kinderarzt 21:706–712 Pothmann R (1990) Transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation zur Schmerztherapie. Kinderarzt 21:706–712
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R (1994) Migräne bei Kindern. In: Ensink FBM, Soyka D (Hrsg) Migräne. Aktuelle Aspekte eines altbekannten Leidens. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 477–500 Pothmann R (1994) Migräne bei Kindern. In: Ensink FBM, Soyka D (Hrsg) Migräne. Aktuelle Aspekte eines altbekannten Leidens. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 477–500
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R (1999) Kopfschmerzen im Kindesalter. Hippokrates, Stuttgart Pothmann R (1999) Kopfschmerzen im Kindesalter. Hippokrates, Stuttgart
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R, Winter K (1989) Migraine prophylaxis with DHE: a double blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 9 (Suppl 10):427–428 Pothmann R, Winter K (1989) Migraine prophylaxis with DHE: a double blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 9 (Suppl 10):427–428
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R, Plump U, Maibach G et al (1991) Migränetagebuch für Kinder. Arcis, München Pothmann R, Plump U, Maibach G et al (1991) Migränetagebuch für Kinder. Arcis, München
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R, Lobisch M (2000) Akutbehandlung des episodischen kindlichen Spannungskopfschmerzes mit Flupirtin und Paracetamol. Schmerz 14:1–4PubMed Pothmann R, Lobisch M (2000) Akutbehandlung des episodischen kindlichen Spannungskopfschmerzes mit Flupirtin und Paracetamol. Schmerz 14:1–4PubMed
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R, Danesch U (2005) Migraine prevention in children and adolescents: Results of an open study with a special butterbur root extract. Headache 45:196–203PubMed Pothmann R, Danesch U (2005) Migraine prevention in children and adolescents: Results of an open study with a special butterbur root extract. Headache 45:196–203PubMed
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Pothmann R, Frankenberg S, Lüdtke R et al (2005) Ernährungsmedizinische Therapie bei Kindern mit Kopfschmerzen – ein randomisierter Vergleich. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik und Praxis 4:86–91 Pothmann R, Frankenberg S, Lüdtke R et al (2005) Ernährungsmedizinische Therapie bei Kindern mit Kopfschmerzen – ein randomisierter Vergleich. Neuropädiatrie in Klinik und Praxis 4:86–91
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Powers SW, Mitchell MJ, Byars KC et al (2001) A pilot study of one-session biofeedback training in pediatric headache. Neurology 56:133PubMed Powers SW, Mitchell MJ, Byars KC et al (2001) A pilot study of one-session biofeedback training in pediatric headache. Neurology 56:133PubMed
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Raieli V, Eliseo G, Manfrè L et al (2001) Trigeminal neuralgia and cerebellopontine-angle lipoma in a child. Headache 41:720–722PubMed Raieli V, Eliseo G, Manfrè L et al (2001) Trigeminal neuralgia and cerebellopontine-angle lipoma in a child. Headache 41:720–722PubMed
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramanathan M, Parameshwaran AA, Jayakumar N, Raghaviah AM (2007) Reactivation of trigeminal neuralgia following distraction osteogenesis in an 8-year-old child: report of a unique case. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 25:49–51PubMed Ramanathan M, Parameshwaran AA, Jayakumar N, Raghaviah AM (2007) Reactivation of trigeminal neuralgia following distraction osteogenesis in an 8-year-old child: report of a unique case. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 25:49–51PubMed
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Reiter PD, Nickisch J, Merritt G (2005) Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous valproic acid in acute adolescent migraine. Headache 45:899–903PubMed Reiter PD, Nickisch J, Merritt G (2005) Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous valproic acid in acute adolescent migraine. Headache 45:899–903PubMed
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Resnick DK, Levy EI, Jannetta PJ (1998) Microvascular decompression for pediatric onset trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery 43:804–807PubMed Resnick DK, Levy EI, Jannetta PJ (1998) Microvascular decompression for pediatric onset trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery 43:804–807PubMed
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Roski RA, Horwitz SJ, Spetzler RF (1982) Atypical trigeminal neuralgia in a 6-year-old boy. Case report. J Neurosurg 56:424–425PubMed Roski RA, Horwitz SJ, Spetzler RF (1982) Atypical trigeminal neuralgia in a 6-year-old boy. Case report. J Neurosurg 56:424–425PubMed
168.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothner A, Edwards K, Kerr L et al (1997) Efficacy and safety of naratriptan tablets in adolescent migraine. J Neurol Sci 150:106 Rothner A, Edwards K, Kerr L et al (1997) Efficacy and safety of naratriptan tablets in adolescent migraine. J Neurol Sci 150:106
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothner AD, Wasiewski W, Winner P et al (2006) Zolmitriptan oral tablet in migraine treatment: high placebo responses in adolescents. Headache 46:101–109PubMed Rothner AD, Wasiewski W, Winner P et al (2006) Zolmitriptan oral tablet in migraine treatment: high placebo responses in adolescents. Headache 46:101–109PubMed
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell G, Abu-Arafeh I (1999) Paroxysmal vertigo in children - an epidemiological study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 49 (Suppl 1):S105–S107PubMed Russell G, Abu-Arafeh I (1999) Paroxysmal vertigo in children - an epidemiological study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 49 (Suppl 1):S105–S107PubMed
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Salfield SAW, Wardley BL, Houlsby WT et al (1987) Controlled study of exclusion of dietary vasoactive amines in migraine. Arch Dis Child 62:458–460PubMed Salfield SAW, Wardley BL, Houlsby WT et al (1987) Controlled study of exclusion of dietary vasoactive amines in migraine. Arch Dis Child 62:458–460PubMed
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Salmon MA, Walters DD (1985) Pizotifen in the prophylaxis of cyclical vomiting. Lancet i:1036–1037 Salmon MA, Walters DD (1985) Pizotifen in the prophylaxis of cyclical vomiting. Lancet i:1036–1037
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Santucci M, Cortelli P, Rossi PG et al (1986) L-5-Hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in childhood migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind crossover study. Cephalalgia 6:155–157PubMed Santucci M, Cortelli P, Rossi PG et al (1986) L-5-Hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in childhood migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind crossover study. Cephalalgia 6:155–157PubMed
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasaki M, Sakuragawa N, Osawa M (2001) Longterm effect of flunarizine on patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood in Japan. Brain Dev 23:303–305PubMed Sasaki M, Sakuragawa N, Osawa M (2001) Longterm effect of flunarizine on patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood in Japan. Brain Dev 23:303–305PubMed
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlarb AA, Hautzinger M (2007) Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie bei Kindern mit Migräne oder Spannungskopfschmerz. Kinder- und Jugendarzt 38:435–439 Schlarb AA, Hautzinger M (2007) Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie bei Kindern mit Migräne oder Spannungskopfschmerz. Kinder- und Jugendarzt 38:435–439
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Schrör K (2007) Aspirin and Reye syndrome: a review of evidence. Paediatr Drugs 9:195–204PubMed Schrör K (2007) Aspirin and Reye syndrome: a review of evidence. Paediatr Drugs 9:195–204PubMed
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Seemann H, Franck G, Ochs M et al (2002) Chronifizierungsprävention primärer Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Kindh Entwickl 211:185–197 Seemann H, Franck G, Ochs M et al (2002) Chronifizierungsprävention primärer Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Kindh Entwickl 211:185–197
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Sekhara T, Pelc K, Mewasingh LD et al (2005) Pediatric SUNCT syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 33:206–207PubMed Sekhara T, Pelc K, Mewasingh LD et al (2005) Pediatric SUNCT syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 33:206–207PubMed
179.
Zurück zum Zitat Serdaroglu G, Erhan E, Tekgul H et al (2002) Sodium valproate prophylaxis in childhood migraine. Headache 42:819–822PubMed Serdaroglu G, Erhan E, Tekgul H et al (2002) Sodium valproate prophylaxis in childhood migraine. Headache 42:819–822PubMed
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Shabbir N, McAbee G (1994) Adolescent chronic paroxysmal hemicrania responsive to verapamil monotherapy. Headache 34:209–210PubMed Shabbir N, McAbee G (1994) Adolescent chronic paroxysmal hemicrania responsive to verapamil monotherapy. Headache 34:209–210PubMed
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Sillanpää M (1977) Clonidine prophylaxis of childhood migraine and other vascular headaches. Headache 17:28–31PubMed Sillanpää M (1977) Clonidine prophylaxis of childhood migraine and other vascular headaches. Headache 17:28–31PubMed
182.
Zurück zum Zitat Sillanpää M, Koponen M (1978) Papaverine in the prophylaxis of migraine and other vascular headaches in children. Acta Paediatr Scand 67:209–212PubMed Sillanpää M, Koponen M (1978) Papaverine in the prophylaxis of migraine and other vascular headaches in children. Acta Paediatr Scand 67:209–212PubMed
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Sillanpää M (1983) Changes in the prevalence of migraine and other headache during the first seven school years. Headache 23:15–19PubMed Sillanpää M (1983) Changes in the prevalence of migraine and other headache during the first seven school years. Headache 23:15–19PubMed
184.
Zurück zum Zitat Sillanpää M, Piekkala P, Kero P (1991) Prevalence of headache at preschool age in an unselected child population. Cephalalgia 11:239–242PubMed Sillanpää M, Piekkala P, Kero P (1991) Prevalence of headache at preschool age in an unselected child population. Cephalalgia 11:239–242PubMed
185.
Zurück zum Zitat Sillanpää M, Anttila P (1996) Increasing prevalence of headache in 7-year-old schoolchildren. Headache 36:466–470PubMed Sillanpää M, Anttila P (1996) Increasing prevalence of headache in 7-year-old schoolchildren. Headache 36:466–470PubMed
186.
Zurück zum Zitat Sills M, Congdon P, Forsythe I (1982) Clonidine and childhood migraine: a pilot and double-blind study. Dev Med Child Neurol 24:837–841PubMedCrossRef Sills M, Congdon P, Forsythe I (1982) Clonidine and childhood migraine: a pilot and double-blind study. Dev Med Child Neurol 24:837–841PubMedCrossRef
187.
Zurück zum Zitat Silver K, Andermann F (1993) Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a study of 10 patients and results of flunarizine treatment. Neurology 43:36–41PubMed Silver K, Andermann F (1993) Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a study of 10 patients and results of flunarizine treatment. Neurology 43:36–41PubMed
188.
Zurück zum Zitat Siniatchkin M, Hierundar A, Kropp P et al (2000) Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in children with migraine: an exploratory study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 25:13–32PubMed Siniatchkin M, Hierundar A, Kropp P et al (2000) Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in children with migraine: an exploratory study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 25:13–32PubMed
189.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon S, Newman LC (1995) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a child? Headache 35:234–235PubMed Solomon S, Newman LC (1995) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a child? Headache 35:234–235PubMed
190.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon GD, Cady RK, Klapper JA et al (1997) Clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2.5 mg zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine. The 042 Clinical Trial Study Group. Neurology 49:1219–1225PubMed Solomon GD, Cady RK, Klapper JA et al (1997) Clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2.5 mg zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine. The 042 Clinical Trial Study Group. Neurology 49:1219–1225PubMed
191.
Zurück zum Zitat Solth A, Veelken N, Gottschalk J et al (2008) Successful vascular decompression in an 11-year-old patient with trigeminal neuralgia. Childs Nerv Syst 24:763–766PubMed Solth A, Veelken N, Gottschalk J et al (2008) Successful vascular decompression in an 11-year-old patient with trigeminal neuralgia. Childs Nerv Syst 24:763–766PubMed
192.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorge F, Barone P, Steardo L, Romano MR (1982) Amitriptyline as a prophylactic for migraine in children. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 4:362–367 Sorge F, Barone P, Steardo L, Romano MR (1982) Amitriptyline as a prophylactic for migraine in children. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 4:362–367
193.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorge F, Marano E (1985) Flunarizine v. placebo in childhood migraine: a double-blind study. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 2):145–148PubMed Sorge F, Marano E (1985) Flunarizine v. placebo in childhood migraine: a double-blind study. Cephalalgia 5 (Suppl 2):145–148PubMed
194.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorge F, de Simone R, Marano E et al (1988) Flunarizine in prophylaxis of childhood migraine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross over study. Cephalalgia 8:1–6PubMed Sorge F, de Simone R, Marano E et al (1988) Flunarizine in prophylaxis of childhood migraine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross over study. Cephalalgia 8:1–6PubMed
195.
Zurück zum Zitat Soriani S, Battistella PA, Arnaldi C et al (1996) Juvenile idiopathic stabbing headache. Headache 36:565–567PubMed Soriani S, Battistella PA, Arnaldi C et al (1996) Juvenile idiopathic stabbing headache. Headache 36:565–567PubMed
196.
Zurück zum Zitat Symon DN, Russell G (1995) Double blind placebo controlled trial of pizotifen syrup on the treatment of abdominal migraine. Arch Dis Child 72:48–50PubMed Symon DN, Russell G (1995) Double blind placebo controlled trial of pizotifen syrup on the treatment of abdominal migraine. Arch Dis Child 72:48–50PubMed
197.
Zurück zum Zitat Symon DNK (1998) Twelve cases of analgesic headache. Arch Dis Child 78:555–556PubMed Symon DNK (1998) Twelve cases of analgesic headache. Arch Dis Child 78:555–556PubMed
198.
Zurück zum Zitat Talvik I, Koch K, Kolk A, Talvik T (2006) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a 3-year, 10-month-old female. Pediatr Neurol 34:225–227PubMed Talvik I, Koch K, Kolk A, Talvik T (2006) Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a 3-year, 10-month-old female. Pediatr Neurol 34:225–227PubMed
199.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan V, Sahami AR, Peebles R, Shaw RJ (2006) Abdominal migraine and treatment with intravenous valproic acid. Psychosomatics 47:353–355PubMed Tan V, Sahami AR, Peebles R, Shaw RJ (2006) Abdominal migraine and treatment with intravenous valproic acid. Psychosomatics 47:353–355PubMed
200.
Zurück zum Zitat Tepper SJ, Donnan GA, Dowson AJ et al (1999) A long-term study to maximise migraine relief with zolmitriptan. Curr Med Res Opin 15:254–271PubMedCrossRef Tepper SJ, Donnan GA, Dowson AJ et al (1999) A long-term study to maximise migraine relief with zolmitriptan. Curr Med Res Opin 15:254–271PubMedCrossRef
201.
Zurück zum Zitat Tonini M, Cipollina L, Poluzzi E et al (2004) Clinical implications of enteric and central D2 receptor blockade by antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19:379–390PubMed Tonini M, Cipollina L, Poluzzi E et al (2004) Clinical implications of enteric and central D2 receptor blockade by antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19:379–390PubMed
202.
Zurück zum Zitat Trautmann E, Lackschewitz H, Kröner-Herwig B (2006) Psychological treatment of recurrent headache in children and adolescents – a meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 26:1411–1426PubMed Trautmann E, Lackschewitz H, Kröner-Herwig B (2006) Psychological treatment of recurrent headache in children and adolescents – a meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 26:1411–1426PubMed
203.
Zurück zum Zitat Überall M, Wenzel D (1999) Intranasal sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine in children. Neurology 52:1507–1510 Überall M, Wenzel D (1999) Intranasal sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine in children. Neurology 52:1507–1510
204.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Calcar SC, Harding CO, Wolff JA (2002) L-carnitine administration reduces number of episodes in cyclic vomiting syndrome. Clin Pediatr 41:171–174 Van Calcar SC, Harding CO, Wolff JA (2002) L-carnitine administration reduces number of episodes in cyclic vomiting syndrome. Clin Pediatr 41:171–174
205.
Zurück zum Zitat Vanderhoof JA, Young R, Kaufman SS, Ernst L (1993) Treatment of cyclic vomiting in childhood with erythromycin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 17:387–391PubMedCrossRef Vanderhoof JA, Young R, Kaufman SS, Ernst L (1993) Treatment of cyclic vomiting in childhood with erythromycin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 17:387–391PubMedCrossRef
206.
Zurück zum Zitat Vanderhoof JA, Young R, Kaufman SS, Ernst L (1995) Treatment of cyclic vomiting in childhood with erythromycin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 21 (Suppl 1):S60–S62PubMed Vanderhoof JA, Young R, Kaufman SS, Ernst L (1995) Treatment of cyclic vomiting in childhood with erythromycin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 21 (Suppl 1):S60–S62PubMed
207.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasconcellos E, Pina-Garza JE, Millan EJ, Warner JS (1998) Analgesic rebound headache in children and adolescents. J Child Neurol 13:443–447PubMed Vasconcellos E, Pina-Garza JE, Millan EJ, Warner JS (1998) Analgesic rebound headache in children and adolescents. J Child Neurol 13:443–447PubMed
208.
Zurück zum Zitat Victor S, Ryan SW (2003) Drugs for preventing migraine headaches in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD002761PubMed Victor S, Ryan SW (2003) Drugs for preventing migraine headaches in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD002761PubMed
209.
Zurück zum Zitat Vieira JP, Salgueiro AB, Alfaro M (2006) Short-lasting headaches in children. Cephalalgia 26:1220–1224PubMed Vieira JP, Salgueiro AB, Alfaro M (2006) Short-lasting headaches in children. Cephalalgia 26:1220–1224PubMed
210.
Zurück zum Zitat Visser WH, Winner P, Strohmaier K et al (2004) Rizatriptan protocol 059 and 061 study groups. Rizatriptan 5 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: results from a double-blind, single-attack study and two open-label, multiple-attack studies. Headache 44:891–899PubMed Visser WH, Winner P, Strohmaier K et al (2004) Rizatriptan protocol 059 and 061 study groups. Rizatriptan 5 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: results from a double-blind, single-attack study and two open-label, multiple-attack studies. Headache 44:891–899PubMed
211.
Zurück zum Zitat Visudtibhan A, Lusawat A, Chiemchanya S, Visudhiphan P (2004) Flunarizine for prophylactic treatment of childhood migraine. J Med Assoc Thai 87:1466–1470PubMed Visudtibhan A, Lusawat A, Chiemchanya S, Visudhiphan P (2004) Flunarizine for prophylactic treatment of childhood migraine. J Med Assoc Thai 87:1466–1470PubMed
212.
Zurück zum Zitat Volcy M, Tepper SJ, Rapoport AM et al (2005) Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)- a case report. Cephalalgia 25:470–472PubMed Volcy M, Tepper SJ, Rapoport AM et al (2005) Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)- a case report. Cephalalgia 25:470–472PubMed
213.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang F, van den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM et al (2003) Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 43:601–610PubMed Wang F, van den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM et al (2003) Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 43:601–610PubMed
214.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Rothner AD, Saper J et al (2000) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sumatriptan nasal spray in the treatment of acute migraine in adolescents. Pediatrics 106:989–997PubMed Winner P, Rothner AD, Saper J et al (2000) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sumatriptan nasal spray in the treatment of acute migraine in adolescents. Pediatrics 106:989–997PubMed
215.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Lewis D, Visser WH et al (2002) Rizatriptan Adolescence Study Group. Rizatriptan 5 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 42:49PubMed Winner P, Lewis D, Visser WH et al (2002) Rizatriptan Adolescence Study Group. Rizatriptan 5 mg for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 42:49PubMed
216.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Pearlman EM, Linder SL et al (2005) Topiramate for migraine prevention in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 45:1304–1312PubMed Winner P, Pearlman EM, Linder SL et al (2005) Topiramate for migraine prevention in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 45:1304–1312PubMed
217.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Gendolla A, stayer C et al (2006) Topiramate for migraine prevention in adolescents: a pooled analysis of efficacy and safety. Headache 46:1503–1510PubMed Winner P, Gendolla A, stayer C et al (2006) Topiramate for migraine prevention in adolescents: a pooled analysis of efficacy and safety. Headache 46:1503–1510PubMed
218.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Rothner D, Wooten J et al (2006) Sumatriptan nasal spray in adolescent migraineurs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, acute study. Headache 46:212–222PubMed Winner P, Rothner D, Wooten J et al (2006) Sumatriptan nasal spray in adolescent migraineurs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, acute study. Headache 46:212–222PubMed
219.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner P, Linder S, Lipton RB et al (2007) Eletriptan for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 47:511–518PubMed Winner P, Linder S, Lipton RB et al (2007) Eletriptan for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 47:511–518PubMed
220.
Zurück zum Zitat Worawattanakul M, Rhoads JM, Lichtman SN, Ulshen MH (1999) Abdominal migraine: prophylactic treatment and follow-up. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:37–40PubMed Worawattanakul M, Rhoads JM, Lichtman SN, Ulshen MH (1999) Abdominal migraine: prophylactic treatment and follow-up. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:37–40PubMed
221.
Zurück zum Zitat Yglesias A, Narbona J, Vanaclocha V, Artieda J (1996) Chiari type I malformation, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and central sleep apnoea in a child. Dev Med Child Neurol 38:1126–1130PubMedCrossRef Yglesias A, Narbona J, Vanaclocha V, Artieda J (1996) Chiari type I malformation, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and central sleep apnoea in a child. Dev Med Child Neurol 38:1126–1130PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Therapie idiopathischer Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Revidierte Empfehlungen der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie (GNP) und der Deutschen Migräne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG)
verfasst von
PD Dr. F. Ebinger
P. Kropp
R. Pothmann
F. Heinen
S. Evers
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 6/2009
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-009-2002-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2009

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 6/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Mitteilungen

Mitteilungsseiten

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Häufigste Gründe für Brustschmerzen bei Kindern

06.05.2024 Pädiatrische Diagnostik Nachrichten

Akute Brustschmerzen sind ein Alarmsymptom par exellence, schließlich sind manche Auslöser lebensbedrohlich. Auch Kinder klagen oft über Schmerzen in der Brust. Ein Studienteam ist den Ursachen nachgegangen.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärztinnen und Psychotherapeuten.

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.