Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 7/2004

01.07.2004 | Weiterbildung

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Erwachsenen

Ein Überblick

verfasst von: Dr. E. Sobanski, B. Alm

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 7/2004

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) des Erwachsenenalters, die durch Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen und/oder motorische Überaktivität und impulsives Verhalten sowie daraus resultierenden Einschränkungen der Alltagsbewältigung charakterisiert ist, wird derzeit in der deutschen Psychiatrie intensiv diskutiert. Die ADHS, die im Kindesalter beginnt und mit einer Prävalenz von 3–5% zu den häufigsten kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Störungen zählt, setzt sich bei bis zu 50% der Betroffenen bis ins Erwachsenenalter fort. Damit ist die Erkrankung, die mit einem hohen Risiko psychiatrischer Komorbidität einhergeht, auch in der psychiatrischen Versorgung von weit größerer Bedeutung als bisher angenommen. Vorliegende Übersicht referiert aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, klinischen Symptomatik und Komorbidität, Diagnostik, Pharmako- und Psychotherapie der ADHS im Erwachsenenalter.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Still GF (1902) The Culostian lectures on some abnormal psychical conditions in children. Lancet:1008–1012 Still GF (1902) The Culostian lectures on some abnormal psychical conditions in children. Lancet:1008–1012
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR (1981) Attention deficit disorder (“minimal brain dysfunction”) in adults. A replication study of diagnosis and treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38:449–456PubMed Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR (1981) Attention deficit disorder (“minimal brain dysfunction”) in adults. A replication study of diagnosis and treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38:449–456PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause KH, Krause J, Trott GE (1998) Das hyperkinetische Syndrom (Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom) des Erwachsenenalters. Nervenarzt 69:543–556CrossRefPubMed Krause KH, Krause J, Trott GE (1998) Das hyperkinetische Syndrom (Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom) des Erwachsenenalters. Nervenarzt 69:543–556CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebert D, Krause J, Roth-Sackenheim C (2003) ADHS im Erwachsenenalter—Leitlinien auf der Basis eines Expertenkonsensus mit Unterstützung der DGPPN. Nervenarzt 10:939–946 Ebert D, Krause J, Roth-Sackenheim C (2003) ADHS im Erwachsenenalter—Leitlinien auf der Basis eines Expertenkonsensus mit Unterstützung der DGPPN. Nervenarzt 10:939–946
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss G, Hechtman L, Milroy T et al. (1985) Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24:211–223 Weiss G, Hechtman L, Milroy T et al. (1985) Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24:211–223
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Manuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A et al. (1993) Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(7):565–567PubMed Manuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A et al. (1993) Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(7):565–567PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasmussen P, Gillberg C (2000) Natural outcome of ADHD with developmental coordination disorder at age 22 years: a controlled, longitudinal, community-based study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 (11):1424–1431PubMed Rasmussen P, Gillberg C (2000) Natural outcome of ADHD with developmental coordination disorder at age 22 years: a controlled, longitudinal, community-based study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 (11):1424–1431PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinhausen HC (2003) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a life perspective. Acta Psych Scand 107:321–322CrossRef Steinhausen HC (2003) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a life perspective. Acta Psych Scand 107:321–322CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy K, Barkley RA (1996) Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult license drivers: implication for clinical diagnosis. J Attention Dis 1:147–161 Murphy K, Barkley RA (1996) Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult license drivers: implication for clinical diagnosis. J Attention Dis 1:147–161
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Heiligenstein E, Conyers LM, Berns AR et al. (1998) Preliminary normative data on DSM-IV attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in college students. J Am Coll Health 46:185–188 18PubMed Heiligenstein E, Conyers LM, Berns AR et al. (1998) Preliminary normative data on DSM-IV attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in college students. J Am Coll Health 46:185–188 18PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedermann J, Faraone SV, Keenan K et al. (1990) Family-genetic and psychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29:526–533PubMed Biedermann J, Faraone SV, Keenan K et al. (1990) Family-genetic and psychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29:526–533PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison JR, Stewart MA (1973) The psychiatric status of the legal families of adopted hyperactive children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:888–891PubMed Morrison JR, Stewart MA (1973) The psychiatric status of the legal families of adopted hyperactive children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:888–891PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherman D, McGue M, Iacono W (1997) Twin concordance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A comparison for teachers’ and mothers’ reports. Am J Psychiatry 154:532–535PubMed Sherman D, McGue M, Iacono W (1997) Twin concordance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A comparison for teachers’ and mothers’ reports. Am J Psychiatry 154:532–535PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Silberg J, Rutter M, Meyer J et al. (1996) Genetic and environmental influences on the the covariation between hyperactivity and conduct disturbance in juvenile twins. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:803–816PubMed Silberg J, Rutter M, Meyer J et al. (1996) Genetic and environmental influences on the the covariation between hyperactivity and conduct disturbance in juvenile twins. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:803–816PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Faraone S, Biederman J (1998) Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 44:951–958PubMed Faraone S, Biederman J (1998) Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 44:951–958PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Sprich S, Biederman J, Harding-Crawford M et al. (2000) Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1432–1437CrossRefPubMed Sprich S, Biederman J, Harding-Crawford M et al. (2000) Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1432–1437CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Faraone SV (2000) Genetics of childhood disorders: XX. ADHD, Part 4. Is ADHD genetically heterogeneous? J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39(11):1455–1457CrossRef Faraone SV (2000) Genetics of childhood disorders: XX. ADHD, Part 4. Is ADHD genetically heterogeneous? J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39(11):1455–1457CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Giros B, Jaber M, Jones SR et al. (1996) Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamin transporter. Nature 379:606–612PubMed Giros B, Jaber M, Jones SR et al. (1996) Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamin transporter. Nature 379:606–612PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Dulawa SC, Grandy DK, Low MJ et al. (1999) Dopamine D4 receptor-knock-out-mice exhibit reduced exploration of novel stimuli. J Neurosci 19:955–956PubMed Dulawa SC, Grandy DK, Low MJ et al. (1999) Dopamine D4 receptor-knock-out-mice exhibit reduced exploration of novel stimuli. J Neurosci 19:955–956PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Benjamin J, Li L, Patterson C (1996) Population and family association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:81–84PubMed Benjamin J, Li L, Patterson C (1996) Population and family association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:81–84PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebstein RP, Nowick O, Umansky R (1996) Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:78–80PubMed Ebstein RP, Nowick O, Umansky R (1996) Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:78–80PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Barr CL, Wigg KG, Bloom S et al. (2000) Further evidence from haplotype analysis for linkage of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Genet 12(3):262–267CrossRef Barr CL, Wigg KG, Bloom S et al. (2000) Further evidence from haplotype analysis for linkage of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Genet 12(3):262–267CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Swanson J, Oosterlaan J, Murias M et al. (2000) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 25(9):4754–4759CrossRef Swanson J, Oosterlaan J, Murias M et al. (2000) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 25(9):4754–4759CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Faraone SV, Doyle AE, Mick E et al. (2001) Meta-analysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D(4) receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 158(7):1052–1057CrossRefPubMed Faraone SV, Doyle AE, Mick E et al. (2001) Meta-analysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D(4) receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 158(7):1052–1057CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Curran S, Mill J, Tahir E et al. (2001) Association study of dopamine transporter polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples. Mol Psychiatry 6(4):425–428CrossRefPubMed Curran S, Mill J, Tahir E et al. (2001) Association study of dopamine transporter polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples. Mol Psychiatry 6(4):425–428CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Comings DE, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N et al. (1999) Additive effect of the three noradrenergic genes (ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH) on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in Tourette syndrome subjects. Clin Gent 55:160–172CrossRef Comings DE, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N et al. (1999) Additive effect of the three noradrenergic genes (ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH) on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in Tourette syndrome subjects. Clin Gent 55:160–172CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Barr CL, Wigg K, Zai G et al. (2001) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the adrenergic receptor alpha 1C and alpha 2C. Mol Psychiatry 6(3):334–337CrossRefPubMed Barr CL, Wigg K, Zai G et al. (2001) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the adrenergic receptor alpha 1C and alpha 2C. Mol Psychiatry 6(3):334–337CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Marsh WL (1996) Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:607–616PubMed Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Marsh WL (1996) Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:607–616PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Aylward EM, Reiss AH, Reader MJ (1996) Basal ganglia volumes in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurology 11:112–115 Aylward EM, Reiss AH, Reader MJ (1996) Basal ganglia volumes in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurology 11:112–115
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Berquin PC, Giedd JN, Jacobson LK (1999) The cerebellum in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a morphometric study. Neurology 50:1087–1093 Berquin PC, Giedd JN, Jacobson LK (1999) The cerebellum in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a morphometric study. Neurology 50:1087–1093
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Matarao M, Garcia-Sanchez C, Junque C et al. (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of the caudate nucleus in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with neuropsychological and behavioral measures. Arch Neurology 54:963–968 Matarao M, Garcia-Sanchez C, Junque C et al. (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of the caudate nucleus in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with neuropsychological and behavioral measures. Arch Neurology 54:963–968
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Zametkin AJ, Nordahl TE, Gross M et al. (1990) Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 323:1361–1366PubMed Zametkin AJ, Nordahl TE, Gross M et al. (1990) Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 323:1361–1366PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubia K, Overmeyer S, Taylor E et al. (1999) Hypofrontality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during high-order motor control: a study with functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry 156:891–896PubMed Rubia K, Overmeyer S, Taylor E et al. (1999) Hypofrontality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during high-order motor control: a study with functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry 156:891–896PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Bush G, Frazier JA, Rauch SL et al. (1999) Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop. Biol Psychiatry 45:1542–1552CrossRefPubMed Bush G, Frazier JA, Rauch SL et al. (1999) Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop. Biol Psychiatry 45:1542–1552CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst M, Zametkin AJ, Matochik J et al. (1998) DOPA decarboxylase activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults. A (fluorine-18)fluordopa positron emission tomographic study. J Neurosci 18:5901–5907PubMed Ernst M, Zametkin AJ, Matochik J et al. (1998) DOPA decarboxylase activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults. A (fluorine-18)fluordopa positron emission tomographic study. J Neurosci 18:5901–5907PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause KH, Dresel SH, Krause J et al. (2000) Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. Neurosci Lett 12, 285(2):107–110 Krause KH, Dresel SH, Krause J et al. (2000) Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. Neurosci Lett 12, 285(2):107–110
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Dougherty DD, Bonab AA, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Dopamine transport density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 354:2132–1233CrossRefPubMed Dougherty DD, Bonab AA, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Dopamine transport density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 354:2132–1233CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA (2000) Genetics of childhood disorders: XVII. ADHD, Part 1: The executive functions and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39(8):1064–1066CrossRefPubMed Barkley RA (2000) Genetics of childhood disorders: XVII. ADHD, Part 1: The executive functions and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39(8):1064–1066CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 121:65–94PubMed Barkley RA (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 121:65–94PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Weltgesundheitsorganisation (1991) Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen, ICD-10. Huber, Bern Weltgesundheitsorganisation (1991) Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen, ICD-10. Huber, Bern
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA, Biederman J (1997) Toward a broader definition of the age-of-onset criterion for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 36(9):1204–1210CrossRef Barkley RA, Biederman J (1997) Toward a broader definition of the age-of-onset criterion for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 36(9):1204–1210CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Applegate B, Lahey BB, Hart EL et al. (2001) Validity of the age-of-onset criterion for ADHS: a report from the DSM-IV field trials. 40(5):502–504 Applegate B, Lahey BB, Hart EL et al. (2001) Validity of the age-of-onset criterion for ADHS: a report from the DSM-IV field trials. 40(5):502–504
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Wender P (1995) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford University Press, Oxford Wender P (1995) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford University Press, Oxford
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hesslinger B, Philipsen A, Richter H et al. (2003) Zur Psychotherapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Erwachsenen. Verhaltenstherapie 13:276–282CrossRef Hesslinger B, Philipsen A, Richter H et al. (2003) Zur Psychotherapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Erwachsenen. Verhaltenstherapie 13:276–282CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA, Murphy KR (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a clinical workbook. Guilford, New York Barkley RA, Murphy KR (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a clinical workbook. Guilford, New York
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause J, Ryffel-Rawak (2000) Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter. Psycho 26:209–223 Krause J, Ryffel-Rawak (2000) Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter. Psycho 26:209–223
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Dupaul GJ et al. (2002) Driving in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: knowledge, performance, adverse outcomes and the role of executive functioning. J Int Neuropsych Soc 8:655–672CrossRef Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Dupaul GJ et al. (2002) Driving in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: knowledge, performance, adverse outcomes and the role of executive functioning. J Int Neuropsych Soc 8:655–672CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Strohbeck-Kühner P, Alm B, Sobanski E et al. (2003) Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung: Eine neue Herausforderung an die Fahreignungsbegutachtung. Kongressbericht 2003 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verkehrsmedizin e. V.. Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen—Mensch und Sicherheit, Heft M 152:173–177 Strohbeck-Kühner P, Alm B, Sobanski E et al. (2003) Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung: Eine neue Herausforderung an die Fahreignungsbegutachtung. Kongressbericht 2003 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verkehrsmedizin e. V.. Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen—Mensch und Sicherheit, Heft M 152:173–177
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Alm B, Sobanski E (2003) Struktur und Inanspruchnahmepopulation einer Spezialambulanz für Erwachsenen mit ADHS. Vortrag auf dem DGPPN-Kongress 2003 Alm B, Sobanski E (2003) Struktur und Inanspruchnahmepopulation einer Spezialambulanz für Erwachsenen mit ADHS. Vortrag auf dem DGPPN-Kongress 2003
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Shekim W, Asarnow RF, Hess E et al. (1990) A clinical and demographic profile of a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, residual state. Compr Psychiatry 31(5):416–425PubMed Shekim W, Asarnow RF, Hess E et al. (1990) A clinical and demographic profile of a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, residual state. Compr Psychiatry 31(5):416–425PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Biederman J, Faraone S, Spencer T et al. (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150(12):1792–1798PubMed Biederman J, Faraone S, Spencer T et al. (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150(12):1792–1798PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Marks DJ, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM (2002) Comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci 216–233 Marks DJ, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM (2002) Comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci 216–233
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy K, Barkley RA (1996) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Compr Psychiatry 37(6):393–401PubMed Murphy K, Barkley RA (1996) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Compr Psychiatry 37(6):393–401PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Mochan F et al. (2003) A psychopathological study into the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult patients and recurrent brief depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:385–389CrossRefPubMed Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Mochan F et al. (2003) A psychopathological study into the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult patients and recurrent brief depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:385–389CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ et al. (2000) Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with early- and late-onset bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 157(3):466–468CrossRefPubMed Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ et al. (2000) Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with early- and late-onset bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 157(3):466–468CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Biederman J, Faraone SV, Lapey K (1992) Comorbidity of diagnosis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2:335–361 Biederman J, Faraone SV, Lapey K (1992) Comorbidity of diagnosis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2:335–361
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Dodson WW, Zhan Y (1999) Sleep disturbances associated with adult ADHD. In: New Research Program and Abstracts of the 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. Abstract NR 261:124 Dodson WW, Zhan Y (1999) Sleep disturbances associated with adult ADHD. In: New Research Program and Abstracts of the 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. Abstract NR 261:124
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kooij SJJ, Middelkoop HAM, van Gils K et al. (2001) The effect of stimulants on nocturnal motor activity and sleep quality in adults with ADHD: an open-label case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry 62:952–956PubMed Kooij SJJ, Middelkoop HAM, van Gils K et al. (2001) The effect of stimulants on nocturnal motor activity and sleep quality in adults with ADHD: an open-label case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry 62:952–956PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Carl C, Philipsen A, Burgos I et al. (2003) Die Schlafarchitektur bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen. In: Abstractband des DGPPN-Kongress 2003. Abstract Nr. 0663, 301 Carl C, Philipsen A, Burgos I et al. (2003) Die Schlafarchitektur bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen. In: Abstractband des DGPPN-Kongress 2003. Abstract Nr. 0663, 301
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown TE, McMullen WJ Jr. (2001) Attention deficit disorders and sleep/arousal disturbances. Ann N Y Acad Sci 931:271–286PubMed Brown TE, McMullen WJ Jr. (2001) Attention deficit disorders and sleep/arousal disturbances. Ann N Y Acad Sci 931:271–286PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Blessler A et al. (1998) Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry 155:493–498PubMed Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Blessler A et al. (1998) Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry 155:493–498PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Satterfield JH, Schell A (1997) A prospective study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems and normal boys: adolescent and adult criminality. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:1726–1735CrossRefPubMed Satterfield JH, Schell A (1997) A prospective study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems and normal boys: adolescent and adult criminality. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:1726–1735CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy KR, Barkley RA, Bush T (2002) Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity diorder: subtype differences in comorbidity, educational and clinic history. J Nerv Ment Dis 190(3):147–157CrossRefPubMed Murphy KR, Barkley RA, Bush T (2002) Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity diorder: subtype differences in comorbidity, educational and clinic history. J Nerv Ment Dis 190(3):147–157CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D et al. (2003) Reliabilität und Validität der Wender-Utah-Rating Scale-Kurzform. Nervenarzt 11:987–993CrossRef Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D et al. (2003) Reliabilität und Validität der Wender-Utah-Rating Scale-Kurzform. Nervenarzt 11:987–993CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown TE (1996) Brown attention-deficit disorder scales manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonia Brown TE (1996) Brown attention-deficit disorder scales manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonia
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Conners CK, Erhardt D, Sparrow E (1999) Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Multi Health Systems, Inc. Conners CK, Erhardt D, Sparrow E (1999) Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Multi Health Systems, Inc.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Wood PS, Lovejoy DW, Ball JD (2002) Neuropsychological characteristics in adults with ADHD: a comprehensive review of initial studies. Clin Neuropsychol 16(1):12–34CrossRefPubMed Wood PS, Lovejoy DW, Ball JD (2002) Neuropsychological characteristics in adults with ADHD: a comprehensive review of initial studies. Clin Neuropsychol 16(1):12–34CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997) Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:85S–121SPubMed American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997) Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:85S–121SPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Wender PH (1998) Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Clin Psychiatry 59(Suppl 7):76–79 Wender PH (1998) Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Clin Psychiatry 59(Suppl 7):76–79
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS et al. (1998) Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate. Am J Psychiatry 155(10):1325–1331PubMed Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS et al. (1998) Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate. Am J Psychiatry 155(10):1325–1331PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Markowitz JS, Patrick KS (2001) Pharmakokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 40(10):753–772 Markowitz JS, Patrick KS (2001) Pharmakokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 40(10):753–772
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE (2003) Drug therapy for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drugs 63(22):2395–2411PubMed Wilens TE (2003) Drug therapy for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drugs 63(22):2395–2411PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Fachinformation Ritalin (2002) Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels/SPC Fachinformation Ritalin (2002) Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels/SPC
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Santosh PJ, Taylor E (2000) Stimulant drugs. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 9(1):27–43CrossRef Santosh PJ, Taylor E (2000) Stimulant drugs. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 9(1):27–43CrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH et al. (1976) Diagnosis and treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:1453–1460PubMed Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH et al. (1976) Diagnosis and treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:1453–1460PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR et al. (1985) A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type in adults. Am J Psychiatry 142:547–552PubMed Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR et al. (1985) A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type in adults. Am J Psychiatry 142:547–552PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Gualteri CT, Ondrusek MG, Finley C (1985) Attention deficit disorder in adults. Clin Neuropsychopharmacol 8:343–356 Gualteri CT, Ondrusek MG, Finley C (1985) Attention deficit disorder in adults. Clin Neuropsychopharmacol 8:343–356
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer T, Wilens TE, Biederman SV et al. (1995) A double-blind, cross-over comparison of methylphenidate and placebo in adults with childhood onset attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:434–443PubMed Spencer T, Wilens TE, Biederman SV et al. (1995) A double-blind, cross-over comparison of methylphenidate and placebo in adults with childhood onset attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:434–443PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedermann J, Spencer T (2002) Methylphenidate in treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Attent Dis 6(1):101–107 Biedermann J, Spencer T (2002) Methylphenidate in treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Attent Dis 6(1):101–107
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Hornig-Rohan M, Amsterdam JD (2002) Venlafaxine versus stimulant therapy in patients with dual diagnosis and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26(3):585–589CrossRefPubMed Hornig-Rohan M, Amsterdam JD (2002) Venlafaxine versus stimulant therapy in patients with dual diagnosis and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26(3):585–589CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Sobanski E, Alm B, Krumm B (2003) Methylphenidatwirkung bei erwachsenen Patienten mit ADHS unter Berücksichtigung von psychiatrischer Komorbidität und Subtyp. Abstractband DGPPN-Kongress 2003, Abstract-No. 0459 Sobanski E, Alm B, Krumm B (2003) Methylphenidatwirkung bei erwachsenen Patienten mit ADHS unter Berücksichtigung von psychiatrischer Komorbidität und Subtyp. Abstractband DGPPN-Kongress 2003, Abstract-No. 0459
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Winsberg BG, Comings DE (1999) Association of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) with poor methylphenidate response. J Am Acad Chil Adolesc Psychiatry 38(12):1474–1477CrossRef Winsberg BG, Comings DE (1999) Association of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) with poor methylphenidate response. J Am Acad Chil Adolesc Psychiatry 38(12):1474–1477CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerlach M (2002) ADHS Stimulantien Therapie: Gefahr für Kinder und Jugendliche. Neurotransmitter 7/8:69–72 Gerlach M (2002) ADHS Stimulantien Therapie: Gefahr für Kinder und Jugendliche. Neurotransmitter 7/8:69–72
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedermann J, Wilens T, Mick E (1999) Protective effects of ADHD pharmacotherapy on subsequent substance abuse: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics 104(2):e20PubMed Biedermann J, Wilens T, Mick E (1999) Protective effects of ADHD pharmacotherapy on subsequent substance abuse: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics 104(2):e20PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Loney J, Klahn M, Kosier T (1981) Hyperactive boys and their brothers at 21: predictors of aggresive and antisocial outcomes. Paper presented at the Society for Life History Research, Monterey, CA Loney J, Klahn M, Kosier T (1981) Hyperactive boys and their brothers at 21: predictors of aggresive and antisocial outcomes. Paper presented at the Society for Life History Research, Monterey, CA
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Huss M (1999) Stimulant treatment in ADHD children lowers risk of drug abuse. In: Abstracts of the 11th International Congress of European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (8) Suppl 2, Abstract 126 Huss M (1999) Stimulant treatment in ADHD children lowers risk of drug abuse. In: Abstracts of the 11th International Congress of European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (8) Suppl 2, Abstract 126
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Levin FR, Evans SM, McDowell D et al (1997) Methylphenidate treatment for cocaine abusers with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 59:300–305 Levin FR, Evans SM, McDowell D et al (1997) Methylphenidate treatment for cocaine abusers with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 59:300–305
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Diehl A, Sobanski E, Severa L et al. (2004) Alkoholabhängigkeit bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS): Rückfallschutz oder Suchtverlagerung durch Methylphenidat. Abstractband 120. Wanderversammlung Baden-Baden Diehl A, Sobanski E, Severa L et al. (2004) Alkoholabhängigkeit bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS): Rückfallschutz oder Suchtverlagerung durch Methylphenidat. Abstractband 120. Wanderversammlung Baden-Baden
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Challman TD, Lipsky JJ (2000) Methylphenidate: it’s pharmacology and use. Mayo Clin Proc 75:711–721PubMed Challman TD, Lipsky JJ (2000) Methylphenidate: it’s pharmacology and use. Mayo Clin Proc 75:711–721PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burows-Maclean L et al. (2001) Once-a-day concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 107(6):1–115PubMed Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burows-Maclean L et al. (2001) Once-a-day concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 107(6):1–115PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T et al. (2001) Efficacy of a mixe amphetamine salts compound in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(8):775–782CrossRefPubMed Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T et al. (2001) Efficacy of a mixe amphetamine salts compound in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(8):775–782CrossRefPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Controlled trial of high doses of pemoline for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Pharmacol 19(3):257–264CrossRef Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Controlled trial of high doses of pemoline for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Pharmacol 19(3):257–264CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker K, Wehmeier P (2003) Atomoxetin zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Psychoneuro 29(10):472–476CrossRef Becker K, Wehmeier P (2003) Atomoxetin zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Psychoneuro 29(10):472–476CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T et al. (1998) Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 111(5):693–695 Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T et al. (1998) Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 111(5):693–695
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Michelson D, Adler L, Spencer T et al. (2003) Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two ramdomized, placebo-controlled studies. Biol Psychiatry 53:112–120CrossRefPubMed Michelson D, Adler L, Spencer T et al. (2003) Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two ramdomized, placebo-controlled studies. Biol Psychiatry 53:112–120CrossRefPubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Colla M, Alm B, Kronenberg G et al. (2004) Pharmaceutical treatment of ADHD with the specific NE reuptake inhibitor reboxetine (zur Veröffentlichung eingereicht) Colla M, Alm B, Kronenberg G et al. (2004) Pharmaceutical treatment of ADHD with the specific NE reuptake inhibitor reboxetine (zur Veröffentlichung eingereicht)
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Biederman J, Prince J et al. (1996) Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 153(9):1147–1153PubMed Wilens TE, Biederman J, Prince J et al. (1996) Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 153(9):1147–1153PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Biederman J, Mick E et al. (1995) A systematic chart review of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 183(1):48–50PubMed Wilens TE, Biederman J, Mick E et al. (1995) A systematic chart review of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 183(1):48–50PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Wender PH, Reimherr FW (1990) Bupropion treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry 147:1018–1120PubMed Wender PH, Reimherr FW (1990) Bupropion treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry 147:1018–1120PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J et al. (2001) A controlled clinical trial of bupropion für attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry 158:282–288CrossRefPubMed Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J et al. (2001) A controlled clinical trial of bupropion für attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry 158:282–288CrossRefPubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Adler LA, Resnick S, Kunz M et al. (1995) Open-label trial with venlafaxine in adults with attention deficit disorder. Psychopharmacology Bull 31(4):785–788 Adler LA, Resnick S, Kunz M et al. (1995) Open-label trial with venlafaxine in adults with attention deficit disorder. Psychopharmacology Bull 31(4):785–788
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Normann C, Van Calker D, Vorderholzer U et al. (2003) Off-label-Indikationen in der Psychopharmakotherapie. Nervenarzt 9:815–823 Normann C, Van Calker D, Vorderholzer U et al. (2003) Off-label-Indikationen in der Psychopharmakotherapie. Nervenarzt 9:815–823
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Nyberg E et al. (2002) Psychotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults—a pilot study using a structured skill training program. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252:177–184PubMed Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Nyberg E et al. (2002) Psychotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults—a pilot study using a structured skill training program. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252:177–184PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevenson CS, Whitmont S, Bornholt L et al. (2002) A cognitive remediation programme for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aus N Z J Psychiatry 36:610–616CrossRef Stevenson CS, Whitmont S, Bornholt L et al. (2002) A cognitive remediation programme for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aus N Z J Psychiatry 36:610–616CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Erwachsenen
Ein Überblick
verfasst von
Dr. E. Sobanski
B. Alm
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2004
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 7/2004
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1757-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2004

Der Nervenarzt 7/2004 Zur Ausgabe

Neu in den Fachgebieten Neurologie und Psychiatrie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.