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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 11/2014

01.11.2014 | Leitthema

Psychotrauma als Risiko für spätere psychische Störungen

Epigenetische Mechanismen

verfasst von: J.C. Pape, Dr. E.B. Binder

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Psychotraumata gelten als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Reihe psychiatrischer Störungen. Obwohl 40–90 % der Bevölkerung im Laufe ihres Lebens einem traumatischen Ereignis ausgesetzt sind, kommt es nur bei einem Teil zur Entwicklung von Erkrankungen. In den letzten Jahren sind zahlreiche Studien erschienen, die epigenetische Veränderungen, wie DNA-Methylierung, Histonmodifikation oder nichtkodierende RNAs, als biologische Mechanismen beschreiben, durch die die Umwelt z. B. in Form von Traumata, langfristige Effekte auf einen Organismus haben kann.

Methoden und Ergebnisse

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll die sich häufenden Hinweise für die Beteiligung epigenetischer Faktoren an der Entstehung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, die mit Psychotraumata assoziiert sind, aufzeigen. Im klinischen Fokus steht dabei die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTSD), bei der das Trauma einen Teil der diagnostischen Kriterien darstellt. Die Arbeit setzt sich in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem mit Studien auseinander, die trauma- und krankheitsassoziierte epigenetische Veränderungen im Menschen und im Tiermodell zeigen konnten. Sowohl gewebespezifische als auch Effekte mit Auswirkungen auf den gesamten Organismus wurden beschrieben und unterstreichen die globalen Folgen von Psychotraumata. Darüber hinaus sollen mögliche epigenetische Mechanismen dargestellt werden, die für die lang anhaltenden Effekte von Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen verantwortlich sein könnten. Schließlich wird darauf eingegangen wie ein besseres Verständnis dieser epigenetischen Mechanismen Wege für mögliche zukünftige pharmakologische und psychotherapeutische Behandlungsansätze aufzeigen könnte.
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Metadaten
Titel
Psychotrauma als Risiko für spätere psychische Störungen
Epigenetische Mechanismen
verfasst von
J.C. Pape
Dr. E.B. Binder
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2014
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4085-8

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