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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 10/2020

20.07.2020 | Migräne | Übersichten

Kopfschmerzen bei Multipler Sklerose

verfasst von: Dr. Marcel Gebhardt, Prof. Dr. Peter Kropp, Dr. med. Frank Hoffmann, Prof. Dr. med. Uwe K. Zettl

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 10/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Kopfschmerzen und Multipler Sklerose (MS) wird seit über 60 Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Noch immer werden Kopfschmerzen als „red flag“ bewertet, hinweisend auf alternative Diagnosen zur MS, wenngleich in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Studien eine häufige Assoziation von Kopfschmerzen und MS nachweisen konnten. Es fand sich in rezenten Studien bei MS-Patienten ein Zusammenhang zwischen einem jüngeren Lebensalter sowie einer kürzeren Erkrankungsdauer der MS und häufigen Kopfschmerzen. So zeigte sich in einer Studie an 50 Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der Erstmanifestation einer MS die höchste bislang erhobene Kopfschmerzprävalenz bei MS von 78 %.
Kopfschmerzen können auch als mögliche Nebenwirkung der meisten verlaufsbeeinflussenden MS-Therapien auftreten. In vielen Fällen scheinen die Kopfschmerzen jedoch Symptom der MS im Sinne eines sekundären Kopfschmerzes zu sein. Hierfür sprechen auch Hinweise auf pathophysiologischer Ebene, beispielsweise durch den Nachweis von B‑Zell-Follikeln im Bereich der Meningen von MS-Patienten.
Migräne ist die häufigste Kopfschmerzform bei MS. Hierbei handelt es sich bei einem Teil der Fälle um eine Komorbidität zweier Erkrankungen mit vielen Gemeinsamkeiten, jedoch scheinen auch durch entzündliche MS-Läsionen hervorgerufene Kopfschmerzen phänomenologisch der klassischen Migräne sehr ähnlich zu sein, sodass eine Trennung häufig nur mithilfe einer gründlichen Differentialdiagnostik (Liquor, Magnetresonanztomographie etc.) gelingt.
Aufgabe künftiger Studien muss es sein, die Phänomenologie von Kopfschmerzen bei MS noch genauer zu spezifizieren, um unter anderem für Patienten mit radiologisch isoliertem Syndrom, die häufig unter Kopfschmerzen leiden, weitere Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, da bei diesen Patienten im klinischen Alltag eine erhebliche differentialdiagnostische und therapeutische Unsicherheit besteht.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kopfschmerzen bei Multipler Sklerose
verfasst von
Dr. Marcel Gebhardt
Prof. Dr. Peter Kropp
Dr. med. Frank Hoffmann
Prof. Dr. med. Uwe K. Zettl
Publikationsdatum
20.07.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 10/2020
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00959-0

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