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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 12/2008

01.12.2008 | Leitthema

Pathogenese der Retinopathia praematurorum

verfasst von: PD Dr. M. Heckmann

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 12/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der Retinopathia praematurorum (ROP) handelt es sich um eine Gefäßerkrankung des Auges, die auf die Gruppe der Frühgeborenen beschränkt ist. Die Besonderheit liegt darin, dass es eine Erkrankung des sich noch entwickelnden Organismus ist. Die normale Entwicklung der Retina beim Feten ist daher zum Verständnis der Pathogenese der ROP wichtig. Die vorliegenden Tiermodelle der ROP weisen unterschiedliche Charakteristika auf, die bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu beachten sind. Wie auch die normale Entwicklung der Retina verläuft auch die Pathogenese der ROP in zwei Phasen. Die erste vasoobliterative Phase umfasst eine Störung der Vaskulogenese unter relativer Hyperoxie. In der zweiten vasoproliferativen Phase führt eine durch Hypoxie gestörte Angiogenese zu einer überschießenden Neovaskularisierung. Die Folgen sind Netzhautablösung und Erblindung. Der sauerstoffabhängige „vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF) und der sauerstoffunabhängige „insulin-like growth factor“ (IGF-1) sind wichtige Wachstumsfaktoren in der Pathogenese der ROP. Dies eröffnet neue Ansätze in der Therapie der ROP wie z. B. die Substitution von IGF-1 in der ersten Phase der Erkrankung oder der Einsatz antiangiogener Faktoren in der zweiten Phase der Neovaskularisierung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pathogenese der Retinopathia praematurorum
verfasst von
PD Dr. M. Heckmann
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 12/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-008-1789-9

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