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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 10/2015

01.10.2015 | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Diabetische Makulopathie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. Haritoglou, M. Kernt, A. Wolf

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 10/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die diabetische Makulopathie ist Folge der multifaktoriellen Veränderungen im Bereich der retinalen Kapillaren, die mit der diabetischen Stoffwechsellage einhergehen können. Man unterscheidet die ischämische Makulopathie und das diabetische Makulaödem. Das diabetische Makulaödem ist die häufigste Erblindungsursache bei Patienten im erwerbsfähigen Alter. Prospektive, randomisierte Studien konnten zeigen, das in der Behandlung des diabetischen Makulaödems mit fovealer Beteiligung durch neue zugelassene intravitreal injizierte VEGF („vascular endothelial growth factor“)-Hemmer wie Ranibizumab und Aflibercept sehr gute funktionelle und morphologische Ergebnisse erreicht werden, die der fokalen/„grid“ Lasertherapie überlegen sind. Neben den VEGF-Inhibitoren sind auch Steroide in Form von mit Dexamethason und Fluozinolon beladenen Implantaten verfügbar, wobei Fluozinolon als Second-line-Option bei chronischen, therapierefraktären Ödemen angesehen wird. Die VEGF-Inhibitoren können je nach Präparat in unterschiedlichen Therapieschemata, als PRN (Pro-Re-Nata) oder Treat-and-extent-Schema, angewendet werden. Die Laserbehandlung behält jedoch ihren hohen Stellenwert bei der Therapie des Makulaödems ohne direkte foveale Beteiligung und damit noch meist gutem Visus. Sie ist weiterhin auch indiziert als panretinale Koagulation zur Behandlung ischämischer Areale in der peripheren Netzhaut zur Prävention neovaskulärer Komplikationen. Es wird sich zeigen, ob die panretinale Laserkoagulation evtl. auch Einfluss auf die Therapiefrequenz im Rahmen der intravitrealen Injektionsbehandlung hat. Chirurgische Verfahren wie die Vitrektomie sind heute im Wesentlichen Fällen mit zusätzlichen pathologischen traktiven Veränderungen der vitreoretinalen Grenzfläche vorbehalten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetische Makulopathie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. Haritoglou
M. Kernt
A. Wolf
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-015-0127-2

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Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft

Die Verwendung von Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit stellt immer eine Off-label-Anwendung dar. Ein Einsatz von Arzneimitteln muss daher besonders sorgfältig auf sein Risiko-Nutzen-Verhältnis bewertet werden. In der vorliegenden …

Operative Therapie und Keimnachweis bei endogener Endophthalmitis

Vitrektomie Originalie

Die endogene Endophthalmitis ist eine hämatogen fortgeleitete, bakterielle oder fungale Infektion, die über choroidale oder retinale Gefäße in den Augapfel eingeschwemmt wird [ 1 – 3 ]. Von dort infiltrieren die Keime in die Netzhaut, den …

Bakterielle endogene Endophthalmitis

Vitrektomie Leitthema

Eine endogene Endophthalmitis stellt einen ophthalmologischen Notfall dar, der umgehender Diagnostik und Therapie bedarf. Es sollte mit geeigneten Methoden, wie beispielsweise dem Freiburger Endophthalmitis-Set, ein Keimnachweis erfolgen. Bei der …

So erreichen Sie eine bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea

Die bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea, insbesondere ohne die Ausbildung von lichtstreuenden Narben, ist oberstes Gebot, um einer dauerhaften Schädigung der Hornhaut frühzeitig entgegenzuwirken und die Funktion des Auges zu erhalten.   

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