Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Child's Nervous System 4/2009

01.04.2009 | Review Paper

Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features

verfasst von: Ljiljana Vasović, Marijola Mojsilović, Zlatibor Anđelković, Ivan Jovanović, Stojanka Arsić, Slobodan Vlajković, Zoran Milenković

Erschienen in: Child's Nervous System | Ausgabe 4/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objects

Primitive carotid–vertebral and carotid–basilar anastomoses are formed early during human embryogenesis at approximately 24 days. From cephalic to caudal direction, these anastomoses are cranial extensions of the primitive internal carotid, trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal and proatlantal intersegmental arteries.

Materials and methods

Normal and/or abnormal morphofunctional aspects of prenatal and postnatal forms of the proatlantal intersegmental artery, from the 24th day of gestation to postnatal eight decades, are described according to personal and literature data. Many (ab) normal carotid–vertebral anastomoses are also marked in differential diagnosis of the proatlantal intersegmental artery.

Conclusions

The proatlantal intersegmental artery maintains the posterior circulation until the vertebral arteries are fully developed between the seventh and eighth gestational weeks. When this artery fails to obliterate, it becomes persistent one. The proatlantal intersegmental artery, most commonly, is an incidental finding or it may be of clinical significance in some patients.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal NR, Krishnamoorthy T, Devasia B, Menon G, Chandrasekhar K (2006) Variant origin of superior thyroid artery, occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery from a common trunk from the cervical segment of internal carotid artery. Surg Radiol Anat 28:650–653CrossRefPubMed Aggarwal NR, Krishnamoorthy T, Devasia B, Menon G, Chandrasekhar K (2006) Variant origin of superior thyroid artery, occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery from a common trunk from the cervical segment of internal carotid artery. Surg Radiol Anat 28:650–653CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahn J-S, Kim M-A, Kim S-J, Kim E-G, Jeong H-W (2006) The proatlantal intersegmental artery II incidentally found in a patient with headache, dizziness. Korean J Stroke 8:162–163 Ahn J-S, Kim M-A, Kim S-J, Kim E-G, Jeong H-W (2006) The proatlantal intersegmental artery II incidentally found in a patient with headache, dizziness. Korean J Stroke 8:162–163
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Akay H, Ozturk A, Oguz KK, Cekirge S (2005) Type 2 persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery: demonstration by multislice computed tomography angiography. Eur J Radiol Extra 56:65–67CrossRef Akay H, Ozturk A, Oguz KK, Cekirge S (2005) Type 2 persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery: demonstration by multislice computed tomography angiography. Eur J Radiol Extra 56:65–67CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson AR, Sondheimer KF (1976) Rare carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses with notes on the differentiation between proatlantal and hypoglossal arteries. Neuroradiology 11:113–118CrossRefPubMed Anderson AR, Sondheimer KF (1976) Rare carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses with notes on the differentiation between proatlantal and hypoglossal arteries. Neuroradiology 11:113–118CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Arráez-Aybar L-A, Navia-Alvarez P, Mendéz-Cendón JC (2007) Proatlantal intersegmental artery associated with an arteriovenous malformation: report of a case, in: Poster presentations: S1-P30. Surg Radiol Anat 29:469–488CrossRef Arráez-Aybar L-A, Navia-Alvarez P, Mendéz-Cendón JC (2007) Proatlantal intersegmental artery associated with an arteriovenous malformation: report of a case, in: Poster presentations: S1-P30. Surg Radiol Anat 29:469–488CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Babu Manohar M, Sharp JF, Johnson AP (1994) Vertebro-carotid anastomosis as a cause of uncontrollable epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 108:247–248PubMed Babu Manohar M, Sharp JF, Johnson AP (1994) Vertebro-carotid anastomosis as a cause of uncontrollable epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 108:247–248PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahşi YZ, Uysal H, Peker Ş, Yurdakul M (1993) Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery I) results in ‘top of the basilar’ syndrome. Stroke 24:2114–2117PubMed Bahşi YZ, Uysal H, Peker Ş, Yurdakul M (1993) Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery I) results in ‘top of the basilar’ syndrome. Stroke 24:2114–2117PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Basekim CC, Silit E, Multu H, Pekkafali Z, Ozturk E, Kizilkaya E (2004) Type I proatlantal artery with bilateral absence of the external carotid arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1619–1621PubMed Basekim CC, Silit E, Multu H, Pekkafali Z, Ozturk E, Kizilkaya E (2004) Type I proatlantal artery with bilateral absence of the external carotid arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1619–1621PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Behari S, Krishna H, Kiran Kumar MV, Sawlani V, Rajendra VP, Jain VJ (2004) Association between an aplastic basilar artery, unaccompanied by a primitive carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomosis, and multiple aneurysms on the dominant posterior communicating artery. Case report. J Neurosurg 100:946–949CrossRefPubMed Behari S, Krishna H, Kiran Kumar MV, Sawlani V, Rajendra VP, Jain VJ (2004) Association between an aplastic basilar artery, unaccompanied by a primitive carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomosis, and multiple aneurysms on the dominant posterior communicating artery. Case report. J Neurosurg 100:946–949CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Berman IG, Stuckey SL (2003) Anomalous communication of external carotid and vertebral arteries with associated intracranial parenchymal arteriovenous malformation: magnetic resonance angiography and angiographic findings. Australas Radiol 47:472–474CrossRefPubMed Berman IG, Stuckey SL (2003) Anomalous communication of external carotid and vertebral arteries with associated intracranial parenchymal arteriovenous malformation: magnetic resonance angiography and angiographic findings. Australas Radiol 47:472–474CrossRefPubMed
12.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Briganti F, Tortora F, Elefante A, Volpe A, Maiuri F (2005) Persistent carotid–vertebral anastomosis associated with contralateral accessory middle cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 27:450–454CrossRefPubMed Briganti F, Tortora F, Elefante A, Volpe A, Maiuri F (2005) Persistent carotid–vertebral anastomosis associated with contralateral accessory middle cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 27:450–454CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Caldemeyer KS, Carrico JB, Mathews VP (1998) The radiology and embryology of anomalous arteries of the head and neck. AJR 170:197–203PubMed Caldemeyer KS, Carrico JB, Mathews VP (1998) The radiology and embryology of anomalous arteries of the head and neck. AJR 170:197–203PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Carella A, Lamberti P, Federico F, Andeula FC (1978) Double fenestration of the extracranial vertebral artery. Neuroradiology 15:193–194CrossRefPubMed Carella A, Lamberti P, Federico F, Andeula FC (1978) Double fenestration of the extracranial vertebral artery. Neuroradiology 15:193–194CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan PN, Yu SCH, Boet R, Poon WS, Ahuja AT (2003) A rare congenital anastomosis between the vertebral artery and internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1885–1886PubMed Chan PN, Yu SCH, Boet R, Poon WS, Ahuja AT (2003) A rare congenital anastomosis between the vertebral artery and internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1885–1886PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark K, Perry MO (1966) Carotid vertebral anastomosis: an alternate technic for repair of the subclavian steal syndrome. Ann Surg 163:414–416PubMedCrossRef Clark K, Perry MO (1966) Carotid vertebral anastomosis: an alternate technic for repair of the subclavian steal syndrome. Ann Surg 163:414–416PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Conforti P, Armenise B, Galligioni F (1966) Anomalous carotid–vertebral anastomosis primitive cervical segmental artery. Neurochirurgia 9:99–106PubMed Conforti P, Armenise B, Galligioni F (1966) Anomalous carotid–vertebral anastomosis primitive cervical segmental artery. Neurochirurgia 9:99–106PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Congdon ED (1922) Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the human embryo. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 14:49–110 Congdon ED (1922) Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the human embryo. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 14:49–110
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Fropier A (1886) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelsäule, insbesondere des Atlas, Epistropheus und der Occipital Region. II. Beobachtungen an Säugethierembryonen. Arch Anat u Phys Anat Abth, pp 69–150 (in German) Fropier A (1886) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelsäule, insbesondere des Atlas, Epistropheus und der Occipital Region. II. Beobachtungen an Säugethierembryonen. Arch Anat u Phys Anat Abth, pp 69–150 (in German)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Giuffrè R, Sherkat S (2000) Maldevelopmental pathology of the vertebral artery in infancy and childhood. Child’s Nerv Syst 16:627–632CrossRef Giuffrè R, Sherkat S (2000) Maldevelopmental pathology of the vertebral artery in infancy and childhood. Child’s Nerv Syst 16:627–632CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Glunčić V, Lukić IK, Kopljar M, Sabljar-Matovinović M, Hebrang A, Marušić A (2002) Persistent cervical intersegmental artery and aortic arch coarctation. Surg Radiol Anat 24:226–230CrossRefPubMed Glunčić V, Lukić IK, Kopljar M, Sabljar-Matovinović M, Hebrang A, Marušić A (2002) Persistent cervical intersegmental artery and aortic arch coarctation. Surg Radiol Anat 24:226–230CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottschau M (1885) Zwei seltene Varietäten der stamme des Stamme des Aortenbogens. Arch Anat Entwickl Gesch, pp 245–252 (in German) Gottschau M (1885) Zwei seltene Varietäten der stamme des Stamme des Aortenbogens. Arch Anat Entwickl Gesch, pp 245–252 (in German)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Grego F, Stramanà R, Lepidi S, Antonello M, Bonvini S, Zaramella M, Deriu GP (2004) Primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery and carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 39:691CrossRefPubMed Grego F, Stramanà R, Lepidi S, Antonello M, Bonvini S, Zaramella M, Deriu GP (2004) Primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery and carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 39:691CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Grobovschek M (1979) Bilateral occlusion of the cervical internal carotid arteries. A case with an unusual collateral circulation. Neuroradiology 17:275–277CrossRefPubMed Grobovschek M (1979) Bilateral occlusion of the cervical internal carotid arteries. A case with an unusual collateral circulation. Neuroradiology 17:275–277CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gumus T, Önal B, Ilgit ET (2004) Bilateral persistence of type 1 proatlantal intersegmental arteries: Report of a case and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1622–1624PubMed Gumus T, Önal B, Ilgit ET (2004) Bilateral persistence of type 1 proatlantal intersegmental arteries: Report of a case and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1622–1624PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hacket ER, Wilson CB (1968) Congenital external carotid–vertebral anastomosis. A case report. Am J Roentgenol 104:86–89 Hacket ER, Wilson CB (1968) Congenital external carotid–vertebral anastomosis. A case report. Am J Roentgenol 104:86–89
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hauke P, Zeumer H (1975) Anastomosen zwischen der A. vertebralis und der A. occipitalis externa bei Verschlüssen der A. carotis externa bzw. A. vertebralis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 122:213–215, (in German) Hauke P, Zeumer H (1975) Anastomosen zwischen der A. vertebralis und der A. occipitalis externa bei Verschlüssen der A. carotis externa bzw. A. vertebralis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 122:213–215, (in German)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hochstetter F (1890) Über die Entwicklung der A. vertebralis beim Kaninchen, nebst Bemerkungen, über die Entstehung der Ansa Vieussenii. Morph Jb 16:572–586, (in German) Hochstetter F (1890) Über die Entwicklung der A. vertebralis beim Kaninchen, nebst Bemerkungen, über die Entstehung der Ansa Vieussenii. Morph Jb 16:572–586, (in German)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Holodny AI, Newark NJ (2005) Supply of the unilateral circulation of the brain by an occipital artery anastomosis. A case report. Angiology 56:93–95CrossRefPubMed Holodny AI, Newark NJ (2005) Supply of the unilateral circulation of the brain by an occipital artery anastomosis. A case report. Angiology 56:93–95CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Horowitz M, Bansal S, Dastur K (2003) Aortic arch origin of the external carotid artery and type II proatlantal fetal anastomosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:323–325PubMed Horowitz M, Bansal S, Dastur K (2003) Aortic arch origin of the external carotid artery and type II proatlantal fetal anastomosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:323–325PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Huber G, Piepgras U (1976) Ursprung der linken Arteria vertebralis aus der linken A. carotis externa. Fortschr Röntgenstr 125:63–66, (in German) Huber G, Piepgras U (1976) Ursprung der linken Arteria vertebralis aus der linken A. carotis externa. Fortschr Röntgenstr 125:63–66, (in German)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchinson NA, Miller JDR (1970) Persistent proatlantal artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33:524–527CrossRefPubMed Hutchinson NA, Miller JDR (1970) Persistent proatlantal artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33:524–527CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolbinger R, Heindel W, Pawlik G, Erasmi-Körber H (1993) Right proatlantal artery type 1, right internal carotid occlusion, and left internal carotid stenosis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 117:232–239CrossRefPubMed Kolbinger R, Heindel W, Pawlik G, Erasmi-Körber H (1993) Right proatlantal artery type 1, right internal carotid occlusion, and left internal carotid stenosis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 117:232–239CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuwabara Y, Yamada I, Suzuki S (1982) Anomalies of the vertebral artery (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:130 Kuwabara Y, Yamada I, Suzuki S (1982) Anomalies of the vertebral artery (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:130
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwak S, Nagashima T, Kobayashi S (1980) Anomalous origin of the posterior meningeal artery from the internal carotid artery. Neuroradiology 19:103–104CrossRefPubMed Kwak S, Nagashima T, Kobayashi S (1980) Anomalous origin of the posterior meningeal artery from the internal carotid artery. Neuroradiology 19:103–104CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Lasjaunias P, Moret J (1976) The ascending pharyngeal artery: normal and pathological radioanatomy. Neuroradiology 11:77–82CrossRefPubMed Lasjaunias P, Moret J (1976) The ascending pharyngeal artery: normal and pathological radioanatomy. Neuroradiology 11:77–82CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Lasjaunias P, Théron J, Moret J (1978) The occipital artery. Anatomy—normal arteriographic aspects—embryological significance. Neuroradiology 15:31–37CrossRefPubMed Lasjaunias P, Théron J, Moret J (1978) The occipital artery. Anatomy—normal arteriographic aspects—embryological significance. Neuroradiology 15:31–37CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Lie TA (1972) Congenital malformations of the carotid and vertebral arterial systems, including the persistent anastomoses. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 12. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 289–339 Lie TA (1972) Congenital malformations of the carotid and vertebral arterial systems, including the persistent anastomoses. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 12. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 289–339
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Luh GY, Dean BL, Tomsick TA, Wallace RC (1999) The persistent fetal carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses. AJR 172:1427–1432PubMed Luh GY, Dean BL, Tomsick TA, Wallace RC (1999) The persistent fetal carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses. AJR 172:1427–1432PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Lui CC, Liu YH, Wai YY, Tsai CC (1987) Persistence of both proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. Neuroradiology 29:304–305CrossRefPubMed Lui CC, Liu YH, Wai YY, Tsai CC (1987) Persistence of both proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. Neuroradiology 29:304–305CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansone AYa (1988) Surgical anatomy of the anastomotic branch between the occipital and vertebral arteries. Arh Anat Gist Embriol 7:38–41, (in Russian) Mansone AYa (1988) Surgical anatomy of the anastomotic branch between the occipital and vertebral arteries. Arh Anat Gist Embriol 7:38–41, (in Russian)
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer FB, Sundt TM, Fode CN (1989) Cerebral aneurysms in childhood and adolescence. J Neurosurg 70:420–425CrossRefPubMed Meyer FB, Sundt TM, Fode CN (1989) Cerebral aneurysms in childhood and adolescence. J Neurosurg 70:420–425CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Mizushima H, Ryu H, Okino H, Doi H, Usami S, Sawa T, Matsumoto K, Matsui S (1982) A case of persistent primitive proatlantal artery (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:130 Mizushima H, Ryu H, Okino H, Doi H, Usami S, Sawa T, Matsumoto K, Matsui S (1982) A case of persistent primitive proatlantal artery (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:130
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Moret J, Lasjaunias P, Doyon D (1979) Occipital approach for treatment of arteriovenous malformation of the vertebral artery by balloon occlusion. Neuroradiology 17:269–273CrossRefPubMed Moret J, Lasjaunias P, Doyon D (1979) Occipital approach for treatment of arteriovenous malformation of the vertebral artery by balloon occlusion. Neuroradiology 17:269–273CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Murayama K, Yabe M, Matsumoto M, Isayam K, Yamakawa K, Nakazawa S (1982) A case of vertebral artery fenestration associated with occipital–vertebral anastomosis (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:126 Murayama K, Yabe M, Matsumoto M, Isayam K, Yamakawa K, Nakazawa S (1982) A case of vertebral artery fenestration associated with occipital–vertebral anastomosis (abstract). Neuroradiology 24:126
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Oguzkurt L, Kizilkilic O, Tercan F, Türköz R, Yildirim T (2005) Vertebrocarotid collateral in extracranial carotid artery occlusions: digital subtraction angiography findings. Eur J Radiol 53:168–174CrossRefPubMed Oguzkurt L, Kizilkilic O, Tercan F, Türköz R, Yildirim T (2005) Vertebrocarotid collateral in extracranial carotid artery occlusions: digital subtraction angiography findings. Eur J Radiol 53:168–174CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Okahara M, Kiyosue H, Mori H, Tanoue S, Sainou M, Nagatomi H (2002) Anatomic variations of the cerebral arteries and their embryology: a pictorial review. Eur Radiol 12:2548–2561PubMed Okahara M, Kiyosue H, Mori H, Tanoue S, Sainou M, Nagatomi H (2002) Anatomic variations of the cerebral arteries and their embryology: a pictorial review. Eur Radiol 12:2548–2561PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Padget DH (1948) The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contrib Embryol 32:205–261 Padget DH (1948) The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contrib Embryol 32:205–261
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Padget DH (1954) Designation of the embryonic intersegmental arteries in reference of the vertebral and subclavian stem. Anat Rec 119:349–356CrossRefPubMed Padget DH (1954) Designation of the embryonic intersegmental arteries in reference of the vertebral and subclavian stem. Anat Rec 119:349–356CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer FJ, Philips RL (1978) Persistent proatlantal artery from the common carotid bifurcation. Aust Radiol XXII:226–228CrossRef Palmer FJ, Philips RL (1978) Persistent proatlantal artery from the common carotid bifurcation. Aust Radiol XXII:226–228CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Parkinson D, Venkatesha R, Ross RT (1979) Congenital anastomosis between the vertebral artery and internal carotid artery in the neck. Case report. J Neurosurg 51:697–700CrossRefPubMed Parkinson D, Venkatesha R, Ross RT (1979) Congenital anastomosis between the vertebral artery and internal carotid artery in the neck. Case report. J Neurosurg 51:697–700CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Parmar H, Sitoh YY, Hui F (2005) Normal variants of the intracranial circulation demonstrated by MR angiography at 3 T. Eur J Radiol 56:220–228CrossRefPubMed Parmar H, Sitoh YY, Hui F (2005) Normal variants of the intracranial circulation demonstrated by MR angiography at 3 T. Eur J Radiol 56:220–228CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasco A, Papon X, Bracard S, Tanguy JY, Ter Minassian A, Mercier P (2004) Persistent carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses. How and why differentiating them? J Neuroradiol 31:391–396CrossRefPubMed Pasco A, Papon X, Bracard S, Tanguy JY, Ter Minassian A, Mercier P (2004) Persistent carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomoses. How and why differentiating them? J Neuroradiol 31:391–396CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Pascual-Castroviejo I, Lopez-Gutierrez JC (2007) Cutaneous hemangioma associated with persistence of the trigeminal and both proatlantal arteries. J Child Neurology 22:337–340CrossRef Pascual-Castroviejo I, Lopez-Gutierrez JC (2007) Cutaneous hemangioma associated with persistence of the trigeminal and both proatlantal arteries. J Child Neurology 22:337–340CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinstein ML, Gerald B (1976) Anomalous communication of the external carotid and vertebral arteries. Persistence of the proatlantal artery. Radiology 118:626PubMed Pinstein ML, Gerald B (1976) Anomalous communication of the external carotid and vertebral arteries. Persistence of the proatlantal artery. Radiology 118:626PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Pulli R, Gatti M, Pratesi C (2001) Carotid endarterectomy in rare bilateral carotid–vertebral anastomosis. J Vasc Surg 33:1122–1124CrossRefPubMed Pulli R, Gatti M, Pratesi C (2001) Carotid endarterectomy in rare bilateral carotid–vertebral anastomosis. J Vasc Surg 33:1122–1124CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Purkayastha S, Gupta AK, Varma R, Kapilamoorthy TR (2005) Proatlantal intersegmental arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s malformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:2378–2383PubMed Purkayastha S, Gupta AK, Varma R, Kapilamoorthy TR (2005) Proatlantal intersegmental arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s malformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:2378–2383PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao TS, Sethi PK (1975) Persistent proatlantal artery with carotid–vertebral anastomosis. Case report. J Neurosurg 43:499–501CrossRefPubMed Rao TS, Sethi PK (1975) Persistent proatlantal artery with carotid–vertebral anastomosis. Case report. J Neurosurg 43:499–501CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Schechter MM (1964) The occipital-vertebral anastomosis. J Neurosurg 33:524–527 Schechter MM (1964) The occipital-vertebral anastomosis. J Neurosurg 33:524–527
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmeidel G (1932) Die Entwicklung der Arteria vertebralis des Menschen. Morph Jb 71:315–435, (in German) Schmeidel G (1932) Die Entwicklung der Arteria vertebralis des Menschen. Morph Jb 71:315–435, (in German)
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoof J, Skalej M, Halloul Z, Wunderlich MT (2007) Carotid endarterectomy in a patient with persistent proatlantal artery. Cerebrovasc Dis 23:458–459CrossRefPubMed Schoof J, Skalej M, Halloul Z, Wunderlich MT (2007) Carotid endarterectomy in a patient with persistent proatlantal artery. Cerebrovasc Dis 23:458–459CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimamura Y, Kawakami Y, Tamiya T, Chihara T (1986) Ascending pharyngeal–vertebral anastomosis with bilateral absence of vertebral arteries. Case report. Neurol Med Chir 26:552–555CrossRef Shimamura Y, Kawakami Y, Tamiya T, Chihara T (1986) Ascending pharyngeal–vertebral anastomosis with bilateral absence of vertebral arteries. Case report. Neurol Med Chir 26:552–555CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Standring S, Ellis H, Healy JC, Johnson D, Williams A (eds) (2005) Gray’s anatomy. The anatomical basis. Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 545, 550 Standring S, Ellis H, Healy JC, Johnson D, Williams A (eds) (2005) Gray’s anatomy. The anatomical basis. Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 545, 550
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Strub WM, Leach JL, Tomsick TA (2006) Left vertebral artery origin from the thyrocervical trunk: a unique vascular variant. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:1155–1156PubMed Strub WM, Leach JL, Tomsick TA (2006) Left vertebral artery origin from the thyrocervical trunk: a unique vascular variant. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:1155–1156PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki S, Nobechi T, Itoh I, Yakura M, Iwashita K (1979) Persistent proatlantal artery and occipital artery originating from internal carotid artery. Neuroradiology 17:105–109CrossRefPubMed Suzuki S, Nobechi T, Itoh I, Yakura M, Iwashita K (1979) Persistent proatlantal artery and occipital artery originating from internal carotid artery. Neuroradiology 17:105–109CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi S, Itoh Y (1989) Proatlantal intersegmental artery associated with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Case report. Neurol Med Chir 29:146–150CrossRef Takahashi S, Itoh Y (1989) Proatlantal intersegmental artery associated with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Case report. Neurol Med Chir 29:146–150CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Traupe H, Kammerer V, Piepgras U (1975) Kollateralversorgung eines Subclaviaverschlusses über eine direkte Arteria–occipitalis–vertebralis-Anastomose (In German). Fortschr Röntgenstr 122:208–212CrossRef Traupe H, Kammerer V, Piepgras U (1975) Kollateralversorgung eines Subclaviaverschlusses über eine direkte Arteria–occipitalis–vertebralis-Anastomose (In German). Fortschr Röntgenstr 122:208–212CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai FY, Mahon J, Woodruff JV, Roach JF (1975) Congenital absence of bilateral vertebral arteries with occipital–basilar anastomosis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 124:281–286PubMed Tsai FY, Mahon J, Woodruff JV, Roach JF (1975) Congenital absence of bilateral vertebral arteries with occipital–basilar anastomosis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 124:281–286PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsukamoto S, Hori Y, Utsumi S, Tanigake T, Horiike N, Otani R (1981) Proatlantal intersegmental artery with absence of bilateral vertebral arteries. J Neurosurg 54:122–124CrossRefPubMed Tsukamoto S, Hori Y, Utsumi S, Tanigake T, Horiike N, Otani R (1981) Proatlantal intersegmental artery with absence of bilateral vertebral arteries. J Neurosurg 54:122–124CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović L (1986) Varijacije vanlobanjskog dela kičmene arterije—put, odnosi i grane. Master thesis, Medical faculty, Niš (in Serbian) Vasović L (1986) Varijacije vanlobanjskog dela kičmene arterije—put, odnosi i grane. Master thesis, Medical faculty, Niš (in Serbian)
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović L (1996) Rarity of arterial variations and abnormalities of vertebrobasilar and carotid system. Acta Med Medianae 3:67–76, (in Serbian) Vasović L (1996) Rarity of arterial variations and abnormalities of vertebrobasilar and carotid system. Acta Med Medianae 3:67–76, (in Serbian)
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović L, Milenković Z, Pavlović S (2002) Comparative morphological variations and abnormalities of circle of Willis: a minireview including two personal cases. Neurosurg Rev 25:247–251CrossRefPubMed Vasović L, Milenković Z, Pavlović S (2002) Comparative morphological variations and abnormalities of circle of Willis: a minireview including two personal cases. Neurosurg Rev 25:247–251CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović LP (2004) Reevaluation of the morphological parameters according to 11 different duplications of the fetal vertebral artery at prevertebral (V1) and intracranial (V4) parts. Cells Tissues Organs 176:195–204CrossRefPubMed Vasović LP (2004) Reevaluation of the morphological parameters according to 11 different duplications of the fetal vertebral artery at prevertebral (V1) and intracranial (V4) parts. Cells Tissues Organs 176:195–204CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović LP (2004) The tenth vascular component in a rare form of the cerebral arterial circle. Cells Tissues Organs 178:231–238CrossRefPubMed Vasović LP (2004) The tenth vascular component in a rare form of the cerebral arterial circle. Cells Tissues Organs 178:231–238CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović L, Milenković Z (2005) Funkcionalna i patološka anatomija karotidobazilarnih i karotidovertebralnih anastomoza (In Serbian). Sven, Niš, pp 81–87 Vasović L, Milenković Z (2005) Funkcionalna i patološka anatomija karotidobazilarnih i karotidovertebralnih anastomoza (In Serbian). Sven, Niš, pp 81–87
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasović L, Milenković Z, Jovanović I, Čukuranović R, Jovanović P, Stefanović I (2008) Hypoglossal artery—a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev 31:385–396CrossRefPubMed Vasović L, Milenković Z, Jovanović I, Čukuranović R, Jovanović P, Stefanović I (2008) Hypoglossal artery—a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev 31:385–396CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitums A (1969) Development and transformation of the aortic arches in the equine embryos with special attention to the formation of the definitive arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 128:243–270CrossRef Vitums A (1969) Development and transformation of the aortic arches in the equine embryos with special attention to the formation of the definitive arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 128:243–270CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodcock RJ, Cloft HJ, Dion JE (2001) Bilateral type 1 proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:418–420PubMed Woodcock RJ, Cloft HJ, Dion JE (2001) Bilateral type 1 proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:418–420PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Yasargil MG (1984) Image. In: Microneurosurgery I. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York Yasargil MG (1984) Image. In: Microneurosurgery I. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Yilmaz E, Ilgit E, Taner D (1995) Primitive persistent-carotid basilar and carotid–vertebral anastomosis: a report of seven cases and a review of literature. Clin Anat 8:36–43CrossRefPubMed Yilmaz E, Ilgit E, Taner D (1995) Primitive persistent-carotid basilar and carotid–vertebral anastomosis: a report of seven cases and a review of literature. Clin Anat 8:36–43CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features
verfasst von
Ljiljana Vasović
Marijola Mojsilović
Zlatibor Anđelković
Ivan Jovanović
Stojanka Arsić
Slobodan Vlajković
Zoran Milenković
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Child's Nervous System / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 0256-7040
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0350
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-008-0765-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2009

Child's Nervous System 4/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Deutlich weniger Infektionen: Wundprotektoren schützen!

08.05.2024 Postoperative Wundinfektion Nachrichten

Der Einsatz von Wundprotektoren bei offenen Eingriffen am unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt schützt vor Infektionen im Op.-Gebiet – und dient darüber hinaus der besseren Sicht. Das bestätigt mit großer Robustheit eine randomisierte Studie im Fachblatt JAMA Surgery.

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

07.05.2024 Suizid Nachrichten

Der belastende Arbeitsalltag wirkt sich negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit der Angehörigen ärztlicher Berufsgruppen aus. Chirurginnen und Chirurgen bilden da keine Ausnahme, im Gegenteil.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Echinokokkose medikamentös behandeln oder operieren?

06.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Therapie von Echinokokkosen sollte immer in spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen. Eine symptomlose Echinokokkose kann – egal ob von Hunde- oder Fuchsbandwurm ausgelöst – konservativ erfolgen. Wenn eine Op. nötig ist, kann es sinnvoll sein, vorher Zysten zu leeren und zu desinfizieren. 

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.