Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Journal of Colorectal Disease 6/2009

01.06.2009 | Original Article

Colorectal liver metastasis surgery: analysis of risk factors predicting postoperative complications in relation to the extent of resection

verfasst von: Ralf Konopke, Stephan Kersting, Alfred Bunk, Janine Dietrich, Axel Denz, Jörg Gastmeier, Hans-Detlev Saeger

Erschienen in: International Journal of Colorectal Disease | Ausgabe 6/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background/aims

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the rate of complications after resection for colorectal liver metastases remains high. An awareness of risk factors is essential for the rates of morbidity and mortality to fall to optimal levels.

Materials and methods

Of the 240 patients who underwent resection for the first manifestation of colorectal liver metastases, 49 patients with lobectomy or extended hepatectomy (major resections) and 58 with wedge resections within only one liver segment (minor resections) form the basis of this report. A total of 16 variables were analyzed to find the risk factors linked to postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results/findings

Thirty-four patients (31.8%) suffered postoperative complications, and one patient died during the hospital stay (0.9%). In the major resection group, multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy [odds ratio (OR): 2.4; p = 0.005], vascular clamping (OR: 1.4; p = 0.008), and intraoperative blood loss with transfusion of three to six packed red cell units (OR: 1.2; p = 0.029) were significantly associated with postoperative morbidity. Vascular clamping was an independent predictor for biliary fistula (OR: 1.2; p = 0.029). Postoperative temporary liver failure was influenced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 3.4; p = 0.010), vascular clamping (OR: 1.5; p = 0.015), and requirement of blood transfusion (OR: 2.1; p = 0.016). After minor resections, only a decreased postoperative serum cholinesterase B level was an independent predictor for complications (OR: 2.2; p = 0.001), as well as for hemorrhage (OR: 1.6; p = 0.023). Postoperative mortality was not predicted by any of the factors that were analyzed.

Interpretation/conclusion

Factors for complications differ depending on the extent of colorectal liver metastasis resection. Only knowledge and particular consideration of these factors may provide for an optimal postoperative outcome for the individual patient.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Furrer K, Deoliveira ML, Graf R et al (2007) Improving outcome in patients undergoing liver surgery. Liver Int 27(1):26–39PubMedCrossRef Furrer K, Deoliveira ML, Graf R et al (2007) Improving outcome in patients undergoing liver surgery. Liver Int 27(1):26–39PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzoni E, Cojutti A, Lorenzin D et al (2007) Liver resective surgery: a multivariate analysis of postoperative outcome and complication. Langenbecks Arch Surg 392(1):45–54PubMedCrossRef Benzoni E, Cojutti A, Lorenzin D et al (2007) Liver resective surgery: a multivariate analysis of postoperative outcome and complication. Langenbecks Arch Surg 392(1):45–54PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Behrns KE, Tsiotos GG, DeSouza NF et al (1998) Hepatic steatosis as a potential risk factor for major hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2(3):292–298PubMedCrossRef Behrns KE, Tsiotos GG, DeSouza NF et al (1998) Hepatic steatosis as a potential risk factor for major hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2(3):292–298PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsuzuki T, Toyama K, Nakayasu K et al (1990) Disseminated intravascular coagulation after hepatic resection. Surgery 107(2):172–176PubMed Tsuzuki T, Toyama K, Nakayasu K et al (1990) Disseminated intravascular coagulation after hepatic resection. Surgery 107(2):172–176PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Clavien PA, Selzner M, Rudiger HA et al (2003) A prospective randomized study in 100 consecutive patients undergoing major liver resection with versus without ischemic preconditioning. Ann Surg 238(6):843–850 discussion 851–842PubMedCrossRef Clavien PA, Selzner M, Rudiger HA et al (2003) A prospective randomized study in 100 consecutive patients undergoing major liver resection with versus without ischemic preconditioning. Ann Surg 238(6):843–850 discussion 851–842PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Capussotti L, Polastri R (1998) Operative risks of major hepatic resections. Hepatogastroenterology 45(19):184–190PubMed Capussotti L, Polastri R (1998) Operative risks of major hepatic resections. Hepatogastroenterology 45(19):184–190PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Didolkar MS, Fitzpatrick JL, Elias EG et al (1989) Risk factors before hepatectomy, hepatic function after hepatectomy and computed tomographic changes as indicators of mortality from hepatic failure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 169(1):17–26PubMed Didolkar MS, Fitzpatrick JL, Elias EG et al (1989) Risk factors before hepatectomy, hepatic function after hepatectomy and computed tomographic changes as indicators of mortality from hepatic failure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 169(1):17–26PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P et al (1995) Morbidity and mortality after hepatic resection of metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 82(3):377–381PubMedCrossRef Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P et al (1995) Morbidity and mortality after hepatic resection of metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 82(3):377–381PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dripps RD, Lamont A, Eckenhoff JE (1961) The role of anesthesia in surgical mortality. Jama 178:261–266PubMed Dripps RD, Lamont A, Eckenhoff JE (1961) The role of anesthesia in surgical mortality. Jama 178:261–266PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldsmith NA, Woodburne RT (1957) The surgical anatomy pertaining to liver resection. Surg Gynecol Obstet 105(3):310–318PubMed Goldsmith NA, Woodburne RT (1957) The surgical anatomy pertaining to liver resection. Surg Gynecol Obstet 105(3):310–318PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Couinaud C (1954) Anatomic principles of left and right regulated hepatectomy: technics. J Chir (Paris) 70(12):933–966 Couinaud C (1954) Anatomic principles of left and right regulated hepatectomy: technics. J Chir (Paris) 70(12):933–966
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M et al (2006) Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 243(1):1–7PubMedCrossRef Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M et al (2006) Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 243(1):1–7PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Mullen JT, Ribero D, Reddy SK et al (2007) Hepatic insufficiency and mortality in 1,059 noncirrhotic patients undergoing major hepatectomy. J Am Coll Surg 204(5):854–862 discussion 862–854PubMedCrossRef Mullen JT, Ribero D, Reddy SK et al (2007) Hepatic insufficiency and mortality in 1,059 noncirrhotic patients undergoing major hepatectomy. J Am Coll Surg 204(5):854–862 discussion 862–854PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Melendez J, Ferri E, Zwillman M et al (2001) Extended hepatic resection: a 6-year retrospective study of risk factors for perioperative mortality. J Am Coll Surg 192(1):47–53PubMedCrossRef Melendez J, Ferri E, Zwillman M et al (2001) Extended hepatic resection: a 6-year retrospective study of risk factors for perioperative mortality. J Am Coll Surg 192(1):47–53PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka S, Hirohashi K, Tanaka H et al (2002) Incidence and management of bile leakage after hepatic resection for malignant hepatic tumors. J Am Coll Surg 195(4):484–489PubMedCrossRef Tanaka S, Hirohashi K, Tanaka H et al (2002) Incidence and management of bile leakage after hepatic resection for malignant hepatic tumors. J Am Coll Surg 195(4):484–489PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamashita Y, Hamatsu T, Rikimaru T et al (2001) Bile leakage after hepatic resection. Ann Surg 233(1):45–50PubMedCrossRef Yamashita Y, Hamatsu T, Rikimaru T et al (2001) Bile leakage after hepatic resection. Ann Surg 233(1):45–50PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst O, Sergent G, Mizrahi D et al (1999) Biliary leaks: treatment by means of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Radiology 211(2):345–348PubMed Ernst O, Sergent G, Mizrahi D et al (1999) Biliary leaks: treatment by means of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Radiology 211(2):345–348PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann H, Reichen J (1998) Hepatectomy: preoperative analysis of hepatic function and postoperative liver failure. Dig Surg 15(1):1–11PubMedCrossRef Zimmermann H, Reichen J (1998) Hepatectomy: preoperative analysis of hepatic function and postoperative liver failure. Dig Surg 15(1):1–11PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Nitta N, Yamamoto S, Ozaki N et al (1988) Is the deterioration of liver viability due to hepatic warm ischemia or reinflow of pooled-portal blood in intermittent portal triad cross-clamping? Res Exp Med (Berl) 188(5):341–350CrossRef Nitta N, Yamamoto S, Ozaki N et al (1988) Is the deterioration of liver viability due to hepatic warm ischemia or reinflow of pooled-portal blood in intermittent portal triad cross-clamping? Res Exp Med (Berl) 188(5):341–350CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanabe G, Sakamoto M, Akazawa K et al (1995) Intraoperative risk factors associated with hepatic resection. Br J Surg 82(9):1262–1265PubMedCrossRef Tanabe G, Sakamoto M, Akazawa K et al (1995) Intraoperative risk factors associated with hepatic resection. Br J Surg 82(9):1262–1265PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Gavelli A, Ghiglione B, Huguet C (1993) Risk factors of hepatectomies: results of a multivariate study. Apropos of 113 cases. Ann Chir 47(7):586–591PubMed Gavelli A, Ghiglione B, Huguet C (1993) Risk factors of hepatectomies: results of a multivariate study. Apropos of 113 cases. Ann Chir 47(7):586–591PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sitzmann JV, Greene PS (1994) Perioperative predictors of morbidity following hepatic resection for neoplasm. A multivariate analysis of a single surgeon experience with 105 patients. Ann Surg 219(1):13–17PubMedCrossRef Sitzmann JV, Greene PS (1994) Perioperative predictors of morbidity following hepatic resection for neoplasm. A multivariate analysis of a single surgeon experience with 105 patients. Ann Surg 219(1):13–17PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Kuwata K et al (1984) A multiple regression equation for prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure. Ann Surg 200(5):658–663PubMedCrossRef Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Kuwata K et al (1984) A multiple regression equation for prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure. Ann Surg 200(5):658–663PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S et al (2005) Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 16(8):1311–1319PubMedCrossRef Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S et al (2005) Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 16(8):1311–1319PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F et al (1996) Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 224(4):509–520 discussion 520–502PubMedCrossRef Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F et al (1996) Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 224(4):509–520 discussion 520–502PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Parikh AA, Gentner B, Wu TT et al (2003) Perioperative complications in patients undergoing major liver resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Surg 7(8):1082–1088PubMedCrossRef Parikh AA, Gentner B, Wu TT et al (2003) Perioperative complications in patients undergoing major liver resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Surg 7(8):1082–1088PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernandez FG, Ritter J, Goodwin JW et al (2005) Effect of steatohepatitis associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin pretreatment on resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases. J Am Coll Surg 200(6):845–853PubMedCrossRef Fernandez FG, Ritter J, Goodwin JW et al (2005) Effect of steatohepatitis associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin pretreatment on resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases. J Am Coll Surg 200(6):845–853PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Zorzi D, Laurent A, Pawlik TM et al (2007) Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 94(3):274–286PubMedCrossRef Zorzi D, Laurent A, Pawlik TM et al (2007) Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 94(3):274–286PubMedCrossRef
30.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D et al (2006) Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 24(13):2065–2072PubMedCrossRef Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D et al (2006) Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 24(13):2065–2072PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Takeda K, Togo S, Kunihiro O et al (2002) Clinicohistological features of liver failure after excessive hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 49(44):354–358PubMed Takeda K, Togo S, Kunihiro O et al (2002) Clinicohistological features of liver failure after excessive hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 49(44):354–358PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Asahara T, Katayama K, Itamoto T et al (1999) Perioperative blood transfusion as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 23(7):676–680PubMedCrossRef Asahara T, Katayama K, Itamoto T et al (1999) Perioperative blood transfusion as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 23(7):676–680PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Pringle JH (1908) V. notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage due to trauma. Ann Surg 48(4):541–549PubMedCrossRef Pringle JH (1908) V. notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage due to trauma. Ann Surg 48(4):541–549PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Belghiti J, Noun R, Malafosse R et al (1999) Continuous versus intermittent portal triad clamping for liver resection: a controlled study. Ann Surg 229(3):369–375PubMedCrossRef Belghiti J, Noun R, Malafosse R et al (1999) Continuous versus intermittent portal triad clamping for liver resection: a controlled study. Ann Surg 229(3):369–375PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudiger HA, Kang KJ, Sindram D et al (2002) Comparison of ischemic preconditioning and intermittent and continuous inflow occlusion in the murine liver. Ann Surg 235(3):400–407PubMedCrossRef Rudiger HA, Kang KJ, Sindram D et al (2002) Comparison of ischemic preconditioning and intermittent and continuous inflow occlusion in the murine liver. Ann Surg 235(3):400–407PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimura N, Muraoka R, Horiuchi T et al (1998) Intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping reduces liver and lung injury. J Surg Res 78(1):11–17PubMedCrossRef Kimura N, Muraoka R, Horiuchi T et al (1998) Intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping reduces liver and lung injury. J Surg Res 78(1):11–17PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Kubota K et al (2001) Randomized comparison of ultrasonic vs clamp transection of the liver. Arch Surg 136(8):922–928PubMedCrossRef Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Kubota K et al (2001) Randomized comparison of ultrasonic vs clamp transection of the liver. Arch Surg 136(8):922–928PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat D'Amico G, Morabito A, Pagliaro L et al (1986) Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 31(5):468–475PubMedCrossRef D'Amico G, Morabito A, Pagliaro L et al (1986) Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 31(5):468–475PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Haagsma EB, Gips CH, Wesenhagen H et al (1985) Liver disease and its effect on haemostasis during liver transplantation. Liver 5(3):123–128PubMed Haagsma EB, Gips CH, Wesenhagen H et al (1985) Liver disease and its effect on haemostasis during liver transplantation. Liver 5(3):123–128PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Makuuchi M, Mori T, Gunven P et al (1987) Safety of hemihepatic vascular occlusion during resection of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 164(2):155–158PubMed Makuuchi M, Mori T, Gunven P et al (1987) Safety of hemihepatic vascular occlusion during resection of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 164(2):155–158PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, Fong Y et al (2002) Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1,803 consecutive cases over the past decade. Ann Surg 236(4):397–406 discussion 406–397PubMedCrossRef Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, Fong Y et al (2002) Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1,803 consecutive cases over the past decade. Ann Surg 236(4):397–406 discussion 406–397PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Colorectal liver metastasis surgery: analysis of risk factors predicting postoperative complications in relation to the extent of resection
verfasst von
Ralf Konopke
Stephan Kersting
Alfred Bunk
Janine Dietrich
Axel Denz
Jörg Gastmeier
Hans-Detlev Saeger
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
International Journal of Colorectal Disease / Ausgabe 6/2009
Print ISSN: 0179-1958
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1262
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-009-0669-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2009

International Journal of Colorectal Disease 6/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Wie erfolgreich ist eine Re-Ablation nach Rezidiv?

23.04.2024 Ablationstherapie Nachrichten

Nach der Katheterablation von Vorhofflimmern kommt es bei etwa einem Drittel der Patienten zu Rezidiven, meist binnen eines Jahres. Wie sich spätere Rückfälle auf die Erfolgschancen einer erneuten Ablation auswirken, haben Schweizer Kardiologen erforscht.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Mehr Schaden als Nutzen durch präoperatives Aussetzen von GLP-1-Agonisten?

23.04.2024 Operationsvorbereitung Nachrichten

Derzeit wird empfohlen, eine Therapie mit GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten präoperativ zu unterbrechen. Eine neue Studie nährt jedoch Zweifel an der Notwendigkeit der Maßnahme.

Ureterstriktur: Innovative OP-Technik bewährt sich

19.04.2024 EAU 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Ureterstriktur ist eine relativ seltene Komplikation, trotzdem bedarf sie einer differenzierten Versorgung. In komplexen Fällen wird dies durch die roboterassistierte OP-Technik gewährleistet. Erste Resultate ermutigen.

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.