Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease. It is one of the most common dermatoses and it is estimated that it occurs in about 2–4 % of the entire population [
23]. Many studies and clinical observations show the increased standard cardiovascular diseases’ risk factors occurrence such as smoking, hypertension, glucose tolerance disorders and diabetes, overweight, obesity in this group of patients [
9,
18,
22,
23,
27]. An issue of psoriasis alone as a cardiovascular disease risk factor is being more frequently discussed nowadays. However, there are no unequivocal data on this subject. Results of the studies show that there is an overexpression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17-20, IL-22, IL-23), TNF-α and interferon-γ in psoriasis in the skin as well as in the entire organism [
30]. What is more, cytokines’ secretion is observed to be constant [
19]. These cytokines affect cellular components of the inflammatory infiltration within psoriatic plaque as well as the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In the blood serum in psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis, there was a higher level of inflammation markers, such as CRP, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, complement fractions: C3, C4 observed [
46]. There are also adipokines’ system disorders in blood, skin and adipose tissue [
14,
39], disorders in the antioxidative system (MDA,ox-Ldl, TBA, anti-OxLDL antibodies, dismutase, glutathione peroxide, catalase) observed [
34]. It is known that TNF-α as well as its receptors have a toxic influence on the cardiomyocytes [
41]. What is more, an increased concentration of interleukin 17 occurred in unstable coronary disease and unstable angina pectoris. Recently, scientists have found the resemblance between psoriasis plaques and atherosclerosis plaques structure. It turned out that in both of them, there are activated Th1 and Th17 cells in similar proportion. Th1 line cells are characterized by an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-6, which cause the endothelial cells dysfunction. Th17 cells produce IL-17, which plays an important role in psoriasis pathogenesis and initiation of the inflammatory process within various tissues and organs [
26]. An increased level of this interleukin was also observed in the serum of patients with unstable angina pectoris and in course of acute heart infarction [
20]. Circulating IL-18 is prospectively and independently associated with CVD risk.
In about 5–20 % of patients with psoriasis, there is damage of joints observed [
37]. In this group of patients, like in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, there is higher occurrence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors observed [
9,
18,
22,
27]. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality among these patients [
25,
32]. It is estimated that risk of death in patients with psoriatic arthritis is 1.3 times higher compared to the general population [
33].
One of the most important diagnostic methods in heart and vessels diseases is echocardiography, which enables to examine morphological and physiological disorders. Echocardiography is a method allowing to visualize structures of the heart using reflection of ultrasounds of 1.5–10 MHz frequency. Using the Doppler method allows to obtain important data concerning hemodynamic function of the heart. This method is commonly available and non-invasive. It does not require special preparation of the patient and there are no contraindications to perform it. However, the correct assessment of echocardiography results requires experience.