Vasculitis: do we know more to classify better?

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Zurück zum Zitat Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, Flores-Suarez LF, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hagen EC, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Kallenberg CG, Lamprecht P, Langford CA, Luqmani RA, Mahr AD, Matteson EL, Merkel PA, Ozen S, Pusey CD, Rasmussen N, Rees AJ, Scott DG, Specks U, Stone JH, Takahashi K, Watts RA (2013) 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 65:1–11CrossRefPubMed Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, Flores-Suarez LF, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hagen EC, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Kallenberg CG, Lamprecht P, Langford CA, Luqmani RA, Mahr AD, Matteson EL, Merkel PA, Ozen S, Pusey CD, Rasmussen N, Rees AJ, Scott DG, Specks U, Stone JH, Takahashi K, Watts RA (2013) 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 65:1–11CrossRefPubMed

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Zurück zum Zitat Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Fauci AS, Fries JF, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr, Masi AT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Introduction. Arthritis Rheum 33:1065–1067CrossRefPubMed Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Fauci AS, Fries JF, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr, Masi AT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Introduction. Arthritis Rheum 33:1065–1067CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Ozen S, Pistorio A, Iusan SM, Bakkaloglu A, Herlin T, Brik R, Buoncompagni A, Lazar C, Bilge I, Uziel Y, Rigante D, Cantarini L, Hilario MO, Silva CA, Alegria M, Norambuena X, Belot A, Berkun Y, Estrella AI, Olivieri AN, Alpigiani MG, Rumba I, Sztajnbok F, Tambic-Bukovac L, Breda L, Al-Mayouf S, Mihaylova D, Chasnyk V, Sengler C, Klein-Gitelman M, Djeddi D, Nuno L, Pruunsild C, Brunner J, Kondi A, Pagava K, Pederzoli S, Martini A, Ruperto N, Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials O (2010) EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 69:798–806CrossRefPubMed Ozen S, Pistorio A, Iusan SM, Bakkaloglu A, Herlin T, Brik R, Buoncompagni A, Lazar C, Bilge I, Uziel Y, Rigante D, Cantarini L, Hilario MO, Silva CA, Alegria M, Norambuena X, Belot A, Berkun Y, Estrella AI, Olivieri AN, Alpigiani MG, Rumba I, Sztajnbok F, Tambic-Bukovac L, Breda L, Al-Mayouf S, Mihaylova D, Chasnyk V, Sengler C, Klein-Gitelman M, Djeddi D, Nuno L, Pruunsild C, Brunner J, Kondi A, Pagava K, Pederzoli S, Martini A, Ruperto N, Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials O (2010) EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 69:798–806CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Ruperto N, Ozen S, Pistorio A, Dolezalova P, Brogan P, Cabral DA, Cuttica R, Khubchandani R, Lovell DJ, O’Neil KM, Quartier P, Ravelli A, Iusan SM, Filocamo G, Magalhaes CS, Unsal E, Oliveira S, Bracaglia C, Bagga A, Stanevicha V, Manzoni SM, Pratsidou P, Lepore L, Espada G, Kone-Paut I, Zulian F, Barone P, Bircan Z, Maldonado Mdel R, Russo R, Vilca I, Tullus K, Cimaz R, Horneff G, Anton J, Garay S, Nielsen S, Barbano G, Martini A, Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials O (2010) EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part I: overall methodology and clinical characterisation. Ann Rheum Dis 69:790–797CrossRefPubMed Ruperto N, Ozen S, Pistorio A, Dolezalova P, Brogan P, Cabral DA, Cuttica R, Khubchandani R, Lovell DJ, O’Neil KM, Quartier P, Ravelli A, Iusan SM, Filocamo G, Magalhaes CS, Unsal E, Oliveira S, Bracaglia C, Bagga A, Stanevicha V, Manzoni SM, Pratsidou P, Lepore L, Espada G, Kone-Paut I, Zulian F, Barone P, Bircan Z, Maldonado Mdel R, Russo R, Vilca I, Tullus K, Cimaz R, Horneff G, Anton J, Garay S, Nielsen S, Barbano G, Martini A, Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials O (2010) EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part I: overall methodology and clinical characterisation. Ann Rheum Dis 69:790–797CrossRefPubMed

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Zurück zum Zitat Ozen S, Ruperto N, Dillon MJ, Bagga A, Barron K, Davin JC, Kawasaki T, Lindsley C, Petty RE, Prieur AM, Ravelli A, Woo P (2006) EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis 65:936–941PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Ozen S, Ruperto N, Dillon MJ, Bagga A, Barron K, Davin JC, Kawasaki T, Lindsley C, Petty RE, Prieur AM, Ravelli A, Woo P (2006) EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis 65:936–941PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Basu N, Watts R, Bajema I, Baslund B, Bley T, Boers M, Brogan P, Calabrese L, Cid MC, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Flores-Suarez LF, Fujimoto S, de Groot K, Guillevin L, Hatemi G, Hauser T, Jayne D, Jennette C, Kallenberg CG, Kobayashi S, Little MA, Mahr A, McLaren J, Merkel PA, Ozen S, Puechal X, Rasmussen N, Salama A, Salvarani C, Savage C, Scott DG, Segelmark M, Specks U, Sunderkoetter C, Suzuki K, Tesar V, Wiik A, Yazici H, Luqmani R (2010) EULAR points to consider in the development of classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1744–1750CrossRefPubMed Basu N, Watts R, Bajema I, Baslund B, Bley T, Boers M, Brogan P, Calabrese L, Cid MC, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Flores-Suarez LF, Fujimoto S, de Groot K, Guillevin L, Hatemi G, Hauser T, Jayne D, Jennette C, Kallenberg CG, Kobayashi S, Little MA, Mahr A, McLaren J, Merkel PA, Ozen S, Puechal X, Rasmussen N, Salama A, Salvarani C, Savage C, Scott DG, Segelmark M, Specks U, Sunderkoetter C, Suzuki K, Tesar V, Wiik A, Yazici H, Luqmani R (2010) EULAR points to consider in the development of classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1744–1750CrossRefPubMed

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Zurück zum Zitat Xiao H, Heeringa P, Hu P, Liu Z, Zhao M, Aratani Y, Maeda N, Falk RJ, Jennette JC (2002) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice. J Clin Invest 110:955–963PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Xiao H, Heeringa P, Hu P, Liu Z, Zhao M, Aratani Y, Maeda N, Falk RJ, Jennette JC (2002) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice. J Clin Invest 110:955–963PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Primo VC, Marusic S, Franklin CC, Goldmann WH, Achaval CG, Smith RN, Arnaout MA, Nikolic B (2010) Anti-PR3 immune responses induce segmental and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 159:327–337PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Primo VC, Marusic S, Franklin CC, Goldmann WH, Achaval CG, Smith RN, Arnaout MA, Nikolic B (2010) Anti-PR3 immune responses induce segmental and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 159:327–337PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Savage CO (2011) Pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 164[Suppl 1]:23–26PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Savage CO (2011) Pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 164[Suppl 1]:23–26PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Hu P, Xiao H (2013) Pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated small-vessel vasculitis. Annu Rev Pathol 8:139–160CrossRefPubMed Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Hu P, Xiao H (2013) Pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated small-vessel vasculitis. Annu Rev Pathol 8:139–160CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Uribe AG, Huber AM, Kim S, O’Neil KM, Wahezi DM, Abramson L, Baszis K, Benseler SM, Bowyer SL, Campillo S, Chira P, Hersh AO, Higgins GC, Eberhard A, Ede K, Imundo LF, Jung L, Kingsbury DJ, Klein-Gitelman M, Lawson EF, Li SC, Lovell DJ, Mason T, McCurdy D, Muscal E, Nassi L, Rabinovich E, Reiff A, Rosenkranz M, Schikler KN, Singer NG, Spalding S, Stevens AM, Cabral DA, Network ARfCwVe-e (2012) Increased sensitivity of the European medicines agency algorithm for classification of childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Rheumatol 39:1687–1697CrossRefPubMed Uribe AG, Huber AM, Kim S, O’Neil KM, Wahezi DM, Abramson L, Baszis K, Benseler SM, Bowyer SL, Campillo S, Chira P, Hersh AO, Higgins GC, Eberhard A, Ede K, Imundo LF, Jung L, Kingsbury DJ, Klein-Gitelman M, Lawson EF, Li SC, Lovell DJ, Mason T, McCurdy D, Muscal E, Nassi L, Rabinovich E, Reiff A, Rosenkranz M, Schikler KN, Singer NG, Spalding S, Stevens AM, Cabral DA, Network ARfCwVe-e (2012) Increased sensitivity of the European medicines agency algorithm for classification of childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Rheumatol 39:1687–1697CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Watts R, Lane S, Hanslik T, Hauser T, Hellmich B, Koldingsnes W, Mahr A, Segelmark M, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Scott D (2007) Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis 66:222–227PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Watts R, Lane S, Hanslik T, Hauser T, Hellmich B, Koldingsnes W, Mahr A, Segelmark M, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Scott D (2007) Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis 66:222–227PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Jennette JC, Falk RJ (1997) Small-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med 337:1512–1523CrossRefPubMed Jennette JC, Falk RJ (1997) Small-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med 337:1512–1523CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Jennette JCFR (2007) ANCA vasculitis: microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and Churg–Strauss syndrome. Pathol Case Rev 12:200–221CrossRef Jennette JCFR (2007) ANCA vasculitis: microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and Churg–Strauss syndrome. Pathol Case Rev 12:200–221CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Lyons PA, Rayner TF, Trivedi S, Holle JU, Watts RA, Jayne DR, Baslund B, Brenchley P, Bruchfeld A, Chaudhry AN, Cohen Tervaert JW, Deloukas P, Feighery C, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Gunnarsson I, Harper L, Hruskova Z, Little MA, Martorana D, Neumann T, Ohlsson S, Padmanabhan S, Pusey CD, Salama AD, Sanders JS, Savage CO, Segelmark M, Stegeman CA, Tesar V, Vaglio A, Wieczorek S, Wilde B, Zwerina J, Rees AJ, Clayton DG, Smith KG (2012) Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 367:214–223PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Lyons PA, Rayner TF, Trivedi S, Holle JU, Watts RA, Jayne DR, Baslund B, Brenchley P, Bruchfeld A, Chaudhry AN, Cohen Tervaert JW, Deloukas P, Feighery C, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Gunnarsson I, Harper L, Hruskova Z, Little MA, Martorana D, Neumann T, Ohlsson S, Padmanabhan S, Pusey CD, Salama AD, Sanders JS, Savage CO, Segelmark M, Stegeman CA, Tesar V, Vaglio A, Wieczorek S, Wilde B, Zwerina J, Rees AJ, Clayton DG, Smith KG (2012) Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 367:214–223PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

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Zurück zum Zitat Guillevin L, Lhote F, Amouroux J, Gherardi R, Callard P, Casassus P (1996) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, abnormal angiograms and pathological findings in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: indications for the classification of vasculitides of the polyarteritis Nodosa Group. Br J Rheumatol 35:958–964CrossRefPubMed Guillevin L, Lhote F, Amouroux J, Gherardi R, Callard P, Casassus P (1996) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, abnormal angiograms and pathological findings in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: indications for the classification of vasculitides of the polyarteritis Nodosa Group. Br J Rheumatol 35:958–964CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Ozen S, Ben-Chetrit E, Bakkaloglu A, Gur H, Tinaztepe K, Calguneri M, Turgan C, Turkmen A, Akpolat I, Danaci M, Besbas N, Akpolat T (2001) Polyarteritis nodosa in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): a concomitant disease or a feature of FMF? Semin Arthritis Rheum 30:281–287CrossRefPubMed Ozen S, Ben-Chetrit E, Bakkaloglu A, Gur H, Tinaztepe K, Calguneri M, Turgan C, Turkmen A, Akpolat I, Danaci M, Besbas N, Akpolat T (2001) Polyarteritis nodosa in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): a concomitant disease or a feature of FMF? Semin Arthritis Rheum 30:281–287CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Lightfoot RW Jr, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Zvaifler NJ, McShane DJ, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Leavitt RY, Lie JT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum 33:1088–1093CrossRefPubMed Lightfoot RW Jr, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Zvaifler NJ, McShane DJ, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Leavitt RY, Lie JT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum 33:1088–1093CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Zhou Q, Yang D, Ombrello AK, Zavialov AV, Toro C, Zavialov AV, Stone DL, Chae JJ, Rosenzweig SD, Bishop K, Barron KS, Kuehn HS, Hoffmann P, Negro A, Tsai WL, Cowen EW, Pei W, Milner JD, Silvin C, Heller T, Chin DT, Patronas NJ, Barber JS, Lee CC, Wood GM, Ling A, Kelly SJ, Kleiner DE, Mullikin JC, Ganson NJ, Kong HH, Hambleton S, Candotti F, Quezado MM, Calvo KR, Alao H, Barham BK, Jones A, Meschia JF, Worrall BB, Kasner SE, Rich SS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Abinun M, Chalom E, Gotte AC, Punaro M, Pascual V, Verbsky JW, Torgerson TR, Singer NG, Gershon TR, Ozen S, Karadag O, Fleisher TA, Remmers EF, Burgess SM, Moir SL, Gadina M, Sood R, Hershfield MS, Boehm M, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I (2014) Early-onset stroke and vasculopathy associated with mutations in ADA2. N Engl J Med 370:911–920PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Zhou Q, Yang D, Ombrello AK, Zavialov AV, Toro C, Zavialov AV, Stone DL, Chae JJ, Rosenzweig SD, Bishop K, Barron KS, Kuehn HS, Hoffmann P, Negro A, Tsai WL, Cowen EW, Pei W, Milner JD, Silvin C, Heller T, Chin DT, Patronas NJ, Barber JS, Lee CC, Wood GM, Ling A, Kelly SJ, Kleiner DE, Mullikin JC, Ganson NJ, Kong HH, Hambleton S, Candotti F, Quezado MM, Calvo KR, Alao H, Barham BK, Jones A, Meschia JF, Worrall BB, Kasner SE, Rich SS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Abinun M, Chalom E, Gotte AC, Punaro M, Pascual V, Verbsky JW, Torgerson TR, Singer NG, Gershon TR, Ozen S, Karadag O, Fleisher TA, Remmers EF, Burgess SM, Moir SL, Gadina M, Sood R, Hershfield MS, Boehm M, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I (2014) Early-onset stroke and vasculopathy associated with mutations in ADA2. N Engl J Med 370:911–920PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Navon Elkan P, Pierce SB, Segel R, Walsh T, Barash J, Padeh S, Zlotogorski A, Berkun Y, Press JJ, Mukamel M, Voth I, Hashkes PJ, Harel L, Hoffer V, Ling E, Yalcinkaya F, Kasapcopur O, Lee MK, Klevit RE, Renbaum P, Weinberg-Shukron A, Sener EF, Schormair B, Zeligson S, Marek-Yagel D, Strom TM, Shohat M, Singer A, Rubinow A, Pras E, Winkelmann J, Tekin M, Anikster Y, King MC, Levy-Lahad E (2014) Mutant adenosine deaminase 2 in a polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy. N Engl J Med 370:921–931CrossRefPubMed Navon Elkan P, Pierce SB, Segel R, Walsh T, Barash J, Padeh S, Zlotogorski A, Berkun Y, Press JJ, Mukamel M, Voth I, Hashkes PJ, Harel L, Hoffer V, Ling E, Yalcinkaya F, Kasapcopur O, Lee MK, Klevit RE, Renbaum P, Weinberg-Shukron A, Sener EF, Schormair B, Zeligson S, Marek-Yagel D, Strom TM, Shohat M, Singer A, Rubinow A, Pras E, Winkelmann J, Tekin M, Anikster Y, King MC, Levy-Lahad E (2014) Mutant adenosine deaminase 2 in a polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy. N Engl J Med 370:921–931CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Garg N, Kasapcopur O, Foster J 2nd, Barut K, Tekin A, Kizilkilic O, Tekin M (2014) Novel adenosine deaminase 2 mutations in a child with a fatal vasculopathy. Eur J Pediatr 173:827–830CrossRefPubMed Garg N, Kasapcopur O, Foster J 2nd, Barut K, Tekin A, Kizilkilic O, Tekin M (2014) Novel adenosine deaminase 2 mutations in a child with a fatal vasculopathy. Eur J Pediatr 173:827–830CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Arend WP, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 33:1129–1134CrossRefPubMed Arend WP, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 33:1129–1134CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Fries JF, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 33:1101–1107CrossRefPubMed Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Fries JF, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW Jr (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 33:1101–1107CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schonlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 33:1114–1121CrossRefPubMed Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schonlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 33:1114–1121CrossRefPubMed

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