Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1/2012

01.03.2012 | Review Article

Factors influencing the incidence of maxillofacial fractures

verfasst von: Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic

Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Ausgabe 1/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstracts

Purpose

Maxillofacial injuries occur in a significant proportion of trauma patients. Trauma causes considerable economic expense due to procedural costs, the time a patient is off work, and the associated loss of income. For these reasons, it is an important health and economic issue. The aim of this study is to discuss the factors that may influence the incidence of maxillofacial fractures. As it is necessary to determine trends to help guide the development of new methods of injury prevention, preventative measures are also discussed.

Methods

An electronic search was undertaken in March 2011, including articles published between 1980 and 2011 with the terms “facial fractures” and “maxillofacial fractures” in the title. The texts of epidemiological studies were reviewed in order to identify factors that may influence the incidence of maxillofacial fractures.

Results

From the selected articles, ten factors were identified: age, gender, geographic region and cultural aspects, socioeconomic status, temporal and climatic influence, use of alcohol and drugs, compliance with road traffic legislation, domestic violence, osteoporosis, and etiology of the maxillofacial trauma.

Conclusions

Care of injured patients should include not only management of the acute phase, but also combine preventive programs and interventional programs aimed at reducing the incidence of maxillofacial fractures. Therefore, there is a need to ensure strict compliance of traffic rules and regulations, implement improvement in automotive safety devices, organize prevention programs to minimize assaults, implement school education in alcohol abuse and handling potentially hostile situations (especially for men), improve protection during sporting activities, and legislate wearing of protective headgear in workers. Preventive strategies remain the cheapest way to reduce direct and indirect costs of the sequelae of trauma. Societal attitudes and behaviors must be modified before a significant reduction in the incidence of maxillofacial fractures will be seen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H (2003) Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:51–61PubMed Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H (2003) Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:51–61PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Girotto JA, MacKenzie E, Fowler C, Redett R, Robertson B, Manson PN (2001) Long-term physical impairment and functional outcomes after complex facial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 108:312–327PubMed Girotto JA, MacKenzie E, Fowler C, Redett R, Robertson B, Manson PN (2001) Long-term physical impairment and functional outcomes after complex facial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 108:312–327PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee KH (2009) Interpersonal violence and facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1878–1883PubMed Lee KH (2009) Interpersonal violence and facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1878–1883PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kieser J, Stephenson S, Liston PN, Tong DC, Langley JD (2002) Serious facial fractures in New Zealand from 1979 to 1998. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:206–209PubMed Kieser J, Stephenson S, Liston PN, Tong DC, Langley JD (2002) Serious facial fractures in New Zealand from 1979 to 1998. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:206–209PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hogg NJV, Stewart TC, Armstrong HEA, Girotti MJ (2000) Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997. J Trauma 49:425–432PubMed Hogg NJV, Stewart TC, Armstrong HEA, Girotti MJ (2000) Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997. J Trauma 49:425–432PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Voss R (1982) The aetiology of jaw fractures in Norwegian patients. J Maxillofac Surg 10:146–148PubMed Voss R (1982) The aetiology of jaw fractures in Norwegian patients. J Maxillofac Surg 10:146–148PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown RD, Cowpe JG (1985) Patterns of maxillofacial trauma in two different countries. A comparison between Riyadh and Tayside. J R Coll Surg Edinb 30:299–302PubMed Brown RD, Cowpe JG (1985) Patterns of maxillofacial trauma in two different countries. A comparison between Riyadh and Tayside. J R Coll Surg Edinb 30:299–302PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Chidzonga MM (1988) Aetiological factors of mandibular fractures at Harare Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 65:465–469PubMed Chidzonga MM (1988) Aetiological factors of mandibular fractures at Harare Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 65:465–469PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Adi M, Ogden GR, Chisholm DM (1990) An analysis of mandibular fractures in Dundee, Scotland (1977 to 1985). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:194–199PubMed Adi M, Ogden GR, Chisholm DM (1990) An analysis of mandibular fractures in Dundee, Scotland (1977 to 1985). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:194–199PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Mwaniki DL, Guthua SW (1990) Occurrence and characteristics of mandibular fractures in Nairobi, Kenya. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:200–202PubMed Mwaniki DL, Guthua SW (1990) Occurrence and characteristics of mandibular fractures in Nairobi, Kenya. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:200–202PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Telfer MR, Jones GM, Shepherd JP (1991) Trends in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures in the United Kingdom (1977–1987). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 29:250–255PubMed Telfer MR, Jones GM, Shepherd JP (1991) Trends in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures in the United Kingdom (1977–1987). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 29:250–255PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Oikarinen K, Ignatius E, Kauppi H, Silvennoinen U (1993) Mandibular fractures in northern Finland in the 1980s—a 10-year study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:23–27PubMed Oikarinen K, Ignatius E, Kauppi H, Silvennoinen U (1993) Mandibular fractures in northern Finland in the 1980s—a 10-year study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:23–27PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussain K, Wijetunge DB, Grubnic S, Jackson IT (1994) A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma. J Trauma 36:34–47PubMed Hussain K, Wijetunge DB, Grubnic S, Jackson IT (1994) A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma. J Trauma 36:34–47PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bamjee Y, Lownie JF, Cleaton-Jones PE, Lownie MA (1996) Maxillofacial injuries in a group of South Africans under 18 years of age. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:298–302PubMed Bamjee Y, Lownie JF, Cleaton-Jones PE, Lownie MA (1996) Maxillofacial injuries in a group of South Africans under 18 years of age. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:298–302PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer U, Benthaus S, Du Chesne A, Wannhof H, Zollner B, Joos U (1999) Untersuchung von Patienten mit Gesichtsschädelfrakturen unter ätiologischen und rechtsrelevanten Gesichtspunkten. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 3:152–157PubMed Meyer U, Benthaus S, Du Chesne A, Wannhof H, Zollner B, Joos U (1999) Untersuchung von Patienten mit Gesichtsschädelfrakturen unter ätiologischen und rechtsrelevanten Gesichtspunkten. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 3:152–157PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro AJ, Johnson RM, Miller SF, McCarthy MC (2001) Facial fractures in a level I trauma centre: the importance of protective devices and alcohol abuse injury. Injury 32:353–356PubMed Shapiro AJ, Johnson RM, Miller SF, McCarthy MC (2001) Facial fractures in a level I trauma centre: the importance of protective devices and alcohol abuse injury. Injury 32:353–356PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kontio R, Suuronen R, Ponkkonen H, Lindqvist C, Laine P (2005) Have the causes of maxillofacial fractures changed over the last 16 years in Finland? An epidemiological study of 725 fractures. Dent Traumatol 21:14–19PubMed Kontio R, Suuronen R, Ponkkonen H, Lindqvist C, Laine P (2005) Have the causes of maxillofacial fractures changed over the last 16 years in Finland? An epidemiological study of 725 fractures. Dent Traumatol 21:14–19PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bakardjiev A, Pechalova P (2007) Maxillofacial fractures in Southern Bulgaria - a retrospective study of 1706 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 35:147–150PubMed Bakardjiev A, Pechalova P (2007) Maxillofacial fractures in Southern Bulgaria - a retrospective study of 1706 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 35:147–150PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Eggensperger N, Smolka K, Scheidegger B, Zimmermann H, Iizuka T (2007) A 3-year survey of assault-related maxillofacial fractures in central Switzerland. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 35:161–167PubMed Eggensperger N, Smolka K, Scheidegger B, Zimmermann H, Iizuka T (2007) A 3-year survey of assault-related maxillofacial fractures in central Switzerland. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 35:161–167PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamberg MA, Tasanen A, Kotilainen R (1975) Maxillofacial fractures caused by assault and battery: victims and their injuries. Proc Finn Dent Soc 71:162–175PubMed Lamberg MA, Tasanen A, Kotilainen R (1975) Maxillofacial fractures caused by assault and battery: victims and their injuries. Proc Finn Dent Soc 71:162–175PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Adekeye EO (1980) The pattern of fractures of the facial skeleton in Kaduna, Nigeria: a survey of 1,447 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 6:491–495 Adekeye EO (1980) The pattern of fractures of the facial skeleton in Kaduna, Nigeria: a survey of 1,447 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 6:491–495
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Abiose BO (1986) Maxillofacial skeleton injuries in the western states of Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:31–39PubMed Abiose BO (1986) Maxillofacial skeleton injuries in the western states of Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:31–39PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ström C, Johnson G, Moedenran G (1992) Facial injuries due to criminal violence: a retrospective study of hospital attenders. Med Sci Law 32:345–347PubMed Ström C, Johnson G, Moedenran G (1992) Facial injuries due to criminal violence: a retrospective study of hospital attenders. Med Sci Law 32:345–347PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Greene D, Raven R, Carvalho G, Maas CS (1997) Epidemiology of facial injury in blunt assault: determinants of incidence and outcome in 802 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123:923–928PubMed Greene D, Raven R, Carvalho G, Maas CS (1997) Epidemiology of facial injury in blunt assault: determinants of incidence and outcome in 802 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123:923–928PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ugboko VI, Odusanya SA, Fagade OO (1998) Maxillofacial fractures in a semi-urban Nigerian teaching hospital. A review of 442 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:286–289PubMed Ugboko VI, Odusanya SA, Fagade OO (1998) Maxillofacial fractures in a semi-urban Nigerian teaching hospital. A review of 442 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:286–289PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Beek GJ, Merkx CA (1999) Changes in the pattern of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:424–428PubMed Van Beek GJ, Merkx CA (1999) Changes in the pattern of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:424–428PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasoji HO, Tahir A, Arotiba GT (2002) Changing picture of facial fractures in northern Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:140–143PubMed Olasoji HO, Tahir A, Arotiba GT (2002) Changing picture of facial fractures in northern Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:140–143PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Adebayo ET, Ajike OS, Adekeye EO (2003) Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Kaduna, Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41:396–400PubMed Adebayo ET, Ajike OS, Adekeye EO (2003) Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Kaduna, Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41:396–400PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fasola AO, Nyako EA, Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT (2003) Trends in the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1140–1143PubMed Fasola AO, Nyako EA, Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT (2003) Trends in the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1140–1143PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Klenk G, Kovacs A (2003) Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab Emirates. J Craniofac Surg 14:78–84PubMed Klenk G, Kovacs A (2003) Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab Emirates. J Craniofac Surg 14:78–84PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Motamedi MHK (2003) An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: a 5-year study of 237 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:61–64PubMed Motamedi MHK (2003) An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: a 5-year study of 237 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:61–64PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Al Ahmed HE, Jaber MA, Abu Fanas SH, Karas M (2004) The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: a review of 230 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 98:166–170PubMed Al Ahmed HE, Jaber MA, Abu Fanas SH, Karas M (2004) The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: a review of 230 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 98:166–170PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Chrcanovic BR, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN, Araújo VO, Abreu MH (2004) Facial fractures: a 1-year retrospective study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte. Braz Oral Res 18:322–328PubMed Chrcanovic BR, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN, Araújo VO, Abreu MH (2004) Facial fractures: a 1-year retrospective study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte. Braz Oral Res 18:322–328PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Laski R, Ziccardi VB, Broder HL, Janal M (2004) Facial trauma: a recurrent disease? The potential role of disease prevention. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:685–688PubMed Laski R, Ziccardi VB, Broder HL, Janal M (2004) Facial trauma: a recurrent disease? The potential role of disease prevention. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:685–688PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Khateeb T, Abdullah FM (2007) Craniomaxillofacial injuries in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:1094–1101PubMed Al-Khateeb T, Abdullah FM (2007) Craniomaxillofacial injuries in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:1094–1101PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Subhashraj K, Nandakumar N, Ravindran C (2007) Review of maxillofacial injuries in Chennai, India: a study of 2748 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 45:637–639PubMed Subhashraj K, Nandakumar N, Ravindran C (2007) Review of maxillofacial injuries in Chennai, India: a study of 2748 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 45:637–639PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy CVK (2008) A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore city. Indian J Dent Res 19:304–308PubMed Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy CVK (2008) A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore city. Indian J Dent Res 19:304–308PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN (2010) Facial fractures in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 3 years in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 26:262–270PubMed Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN (2010) Facial fractures in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 3 years in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 26:262–270PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Chrcanovic BR, Souza LN, Freire-Maia B, Abreu MH (2010) Facial fractures in the elderly: a retrospective study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J Trauma 69:E73–E78PubMed Chrcanovic BR, Souza LN, Freire-Maia B, Abreu MH (2010) Facial fractures in the elderly: a retrospective study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J Trauma 69:E73–E78PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Young L, Ahmad H (1999) Trauma in the elderly: a new epidemic? Aust N Z J Surg 69:584–586PubMed Young L, Ahmad H (1999) Trauma in the elderly: a new epidemic? Aust N Z J Surg 69:584–586PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Legood R, Scuffham P, Cryer C (2002) Are we blind to injuries in the visually impaired? A review of the literature. Inj Prev 8:155–160PubMed Legood R, Scuffham P, Cryer C (2002) Are we blind to injuries in the visually impaired? A review of the literature. Inj Prev 8:155–160PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Winner SJ, Morgan CA, Evans JG (1989) Peri-menopausal risk of falling and incidence of distal forearm fracture. BMJ 298:1486–1488PubMed Winner SJ, Morgan CA, Evans JG (1989) Peri-menopausal risk of falling and incidence of distal forearm fracture. BMJ 298:1486–1488PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Haug RH, Foss J (2000) Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 90:126–134 Haug RH, Foss J (2000) Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 90:126–134
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Aziz K, Khalil IUR (2002) Road traffic accidents in Peshawar. Ann King Edward Med Coll Lahore 8:103–104 Aziz K, Khalil IUR (2002) Road traffic accidents in Peshawar. Ann King Edward Med Coll Lahore 8:103–104
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Kadkhodaie MH (2006) Three-year review of facial fractures at a teaching hospital in northern Iran. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:229–231PubMed Kadkhodaie MH (2006) Three-year review of facial fractures at a teaching hospital in northern Iran. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:229–231PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Zachariades N, Papavassiliou D (1990) The pattern and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries in Greece. A retrospective study of 25 years and a comparison with other countries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 18:251–254PubMed Zachariades N, Papavassiliou D (1990) The pattern and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries in Greece. A retrospective study of 25 years and a comparison with other countries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 18:251–254PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Falcone PA, Haedicke GJ, Brooks G, Sullivan PK (1990) Maxillofacial fractures in the elderly: a comparative study. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:443–448PubMed Falcone PA, Haedicke GJ, Brooks G, Sullivan PK (1990) Maxillofacial fractures in the elderly: a comparative study. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:443–448PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Taher AAY (1986) Maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Kuwait. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:44–46PubMed Taher AAY (1986) Maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Kuwait. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:44–46PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Görgün B (2004) Maxillofacial fractures: analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 32:308–313PubMed Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Görgün B (2004) Maxillofacial fractures: analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 32:308–313PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Elhammali N, Bremerich A, Rustemeyer J (2010) Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39:857–862PubMed Elhammali N, Bremerich A, Rustemeyer J (2010) Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39:857–862PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Maladière E, Bado F, Meningaud JP, Guilbert F, Bertrand JC (2001) Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: A prospective study of 140 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:291–295PubMed Maladière E, Bado F, Meningaud JP, Guilbert F, Bertrand JC (2001) Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: A prospective study of 140 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:291–295PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Mourouzis C, Kounoura F (2005) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective study of 125 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:635–638PubMed Mourouzis C, Kounoura F (2005) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective study of 125 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:635–638PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Roccia F, Diaspro A, Nasi A, Berrone S (2008) Management of sport-related maxillofacial injuries. J Craniofac Surg 19:377–382PubMed Roccia F, Diaspro A, Nasi A, Berrone S (2008) Management of sport-related maxillofacial injuries. J Craniofac Surg 19:377–382PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Gassner R, Ulmer H, Tuli T, Emshoff R (1999) Incidence of oral and maxillofacial skiing injuries due to different injury mechanisms. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:1068–1073PubMed Gassner R, Ulmer H, Tuli T, Emshoff R (1999) Incidence of oral and maxillofacial skiing injuries due to different injury mechanisms. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:1068–1073PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Exadaktylos AK, Eggensperger NM, Eggli S, Smolka KM, Zimmermann H, Iizuka T (2004) Sports related maxillofacial injuries: the first maxillofacial trauma database in Switzerland. Br J Sports Med 38:750–753PubMed Exadaktylos AK, Eggensperger NM, Eggli S, Smolka KM, Zimmermann H, Iizuka T (2004) Sports related maxillofacial injuries: the first maxillofacial trauma database in Switzerland. Br J Sports Med 38:750–753PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Sane J, Lindqvist C, Kontio R (1988) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures in a hospital material. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 17:122–124PubMed Sane J, Lindqvist C, Kontio R (1988) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures in a hospital material. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 17:122–124PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Delilbasi C, Yamazawa M, Nomura K, Iida S, Kogo M (2004) Maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports played with a ball. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo 97:23–27 Delilbasi C, Yamazawa M, Nomura K, Iida S, Kogo M (2004) Maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports played with a ball. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo 97:23–27
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Shettima MM (2000) Role of youths in community social services. A case study of Maiduguri Central Local Government. Dissertation, University of Maiduguri Shettima MM (2000) Role of youths in community social services. A case study of Maiduguri Central Local Government. Dissertation, University of Maiduguri
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson S (1999) Hope for Nigeria. Newsweek International, June 7:23 Robinson S (1999) Hope for Nigeria. Newsweek International, June 7:23
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Olson RA, Fonseca RJ, Zeitler DL, Osbon DB (1982) Fractures of the mandible: a review of 580 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:23–28PubMed Olson RA, Fonseca RJ, Zeitler DL, Osbon DB (1982) Fractures of the mandible: a review of 580 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:23–28PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson L, Hultin M, Nordenram A, Ramstrom G (1984) Jaw fractures in the county of Stockholm (1978–1980): general survey. Int J Oral Surg 13:194–199 Anderson L, Hultin M, Nordenram A, Ramstrom G (1984) Jaw fractures in the county of Stockholm (1978–1980): general survey. Int J Oral Surg 13:194–199
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehman K, Edmondson H (2002) The causes and consequences of maxillofacial injuries in elderly people. Gerodontology 19:60–64PubMed Rehman K, Edmondson H (2002) The causes and consequences of maxillofacial injuries in elderly people. Gerodontology 19:60–64PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Antoun JS, Lee KH (2008) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures over an 11-year period. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:504–508PubMed Antoun JS, Lee KH (2008) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures over an 11-year period. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:504–508PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Beech DJ, Mercadel R (1998) Correlation of alcohol intoxication with life-threatening assaults. J Natl Med Assoc 90:761–764PubMed Beech DJ, Mercadel R (1998) Correlation of alcohol intoxication with life-threatening assaults. J Natl Med Assoc 90:761–764PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Pihl RO, Peterson JB, Lau MA (1993) A biosocial model of the alcohol-aggression relationship. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 11:128–139PubMed Pihl RO, Peterson JB, Lau MA (1993) A biosocial model of the alcohol-aggression relationship. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 11:128–139PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat O'Meara C, Witherspoon R, Hapangama N, Hyam DM (2010) Alcohol and interpersonal violence may increase the severity of facial fracture. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (in press) O'Meara C, Witherspoon R, Hapangama N, Hyam DM (2010) Alcohol and interpersonal violence may increase the severity of facial fracture. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (in press)
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee K (2009) Trend of alcohol involvement in maxillofacial trauma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo 107:e9–e13 Lee K (2009) Trend of alcohol involvement in maxillofacial trauma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo 107:e9–e13
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Watt K, Purdie DM, Roche AM, McClure RJ (2004) Risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption and the influence of confounders. Addiction 99:1262–1273PubMed Watt K, Purdie DM, Roche AM, McClure RJ (2004) Risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption and the influence of confounders. Addiction 99:1262–1273PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Watt K, Purdie DM, Roche AM, McClure RJ (2005) The relationship between acute alcohol consumption and consequent injury type. Alcohol Alcohol 40:263–268PubMed Watt K, Purdie DM, Roche AM, McClure RJ (2005) The relationship between acute alcohol consumption and consequent injury type. Alcohol Alcohol 40:263–268PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Heimdahl A, Nordenram A (1977) The first 100 patients with jaw fractures at the Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, Huddinge. Swed Dent J 1:177–182PubMed Heimdahl A, Nordenram A (1977) The first 100 patients with jaw fractures at the Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, Huddinge. Swed Dent J 1:177–182PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Laverick S, Patel N, Jones DC (2008) Maxillofacial trauma and the role of alcohol. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:542–546PubMed Laverick S, Patel N, Jones DC (2008) Maxillofacial trauma and the role of alcohol. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:542–546PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee KH, Snape L (2008) Role of alcohol in maxillofacial fractures. N Z Med J 121:15–23PubMed Lee KH, Snape L (2008) Role of alcohol in maxillofacial fractures. N Z Med J 121:15–23PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Thorn JJ, Mogeltoft M, Hansen PK (1986) Incidence and aetiological pattern of jaw fractures in Greenland. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15:372–379PubMed Thorn JJ, Mogeltoft M, Hansen PK (1986) Incidence and aetiological pattern of jaw fractures in Greenland. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15:372–379PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Mwaniki DL, Radol JWO, Miniu E, Manji F (1988) The occurrence and pattern of facial bone fracture in Nairobi. East Afr Med J 65:759–763PubMed Mwaniki DL, Radol JWO, Miniu E, Manji F (1988) The occurrence and pattern of facial bone fracture in Nairobi. East Afr Med J 65:759–763PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Oikarinen K, Silvennoinen U, Ignatius E (1992) Frequency of alcohol associated mandibular fractures in northern Finland in the 1980s. Alcohol 27:189–193 Oikarinen K, Silvennoinen U, Ignatius E (1992) Frequency of alcohol associated mandibular fractures in northern Finland in the 1980s. Alcohol 27:189–193
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee KH, Snape L, Steenberg LJ, Worthington J (2007) Comparison between interpersonal violence and motor vehicle accidents in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures. ANZ J Surg 77:695–698PubMed Lee KH, Snape L, Steenberg LJ, Worthington J (2007) Comparison between interpersonal violence and motor vehicle accidents in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures. ANZ J Surg 77:695–698PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Denscombe M (1995) Ethnic group and alcohol consumption: the case of 15–16 year olds in Leicestershire. Public Health 109:133–142PubMed Denscombe M (1995) Ethnic group and alcohol consumption: the case of 15–16 year olds in Leicestershire. Public Health 109:133–142PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Elledge ROC, Elledge R, Aquilina P, Hodson J, Dover S (2010) The role of alcohol in maxillofacial trauma: a comparative retrospective audit between the two centers. Alcohol 45(3):239–243PubMed Elledge ROC, Elledge R, Aquilina P, Hodson J, Dover S (2010) The role of alcohol in maxillofacial trauma: a comparative retrospective audit between the two centers. Alcohol 45(3):239–243PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas M (1998) Restriction of the hours of sale of alcohol in a small community: a beneficial impact. Aust N Z J Public Health 22:714–719PubMed Douglas M (1998) Restriction of the hours of sale of alcohol in a small community: a beneficial impact. Aust N Z J Public Health 22:714–719PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Graham CA, McLeod LS, Steedman DJ (1998) Restricting extensions to permitted licensing hours does not influence the numbers of alcohol or assault related attendances at an inner city accident and emergency department. J Accid Emerg Med 15:23–25PubMed Graham CA, McLeod LS, Steedman DJ (1998) Restricting extensions to permitted licensing hours does not influence the numbers of alcohol or assault related attendances at an inner city accident and emergency department. J Accid Emerg Med 15:23–25PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Borges G, Cherpitel CJ, Rosovsky H (1998) Male drinking and violence-related injury in the emergency room. Addiction 93:103–112PubMed Borges G, Cherpitel CJ, Rosovsky H (1998) Male drinking and violence-related injury in the emergency room. Addiction 93:103–112PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson D, Sklar D, Skipper B, McFeeley PJ (1992) Motorcycle fatalities in New Mexico: the association of helmet nonuse with alcohol intoxication. Ann Emerg Med 21:279–283PubMed Nelson D, Sklar D, Skipper B, McFeeley PJ (1992) Motorcycle fatalities in New Mexico: the association of helmet nonuse with alcohol intoxication. Ann Emerg Med 21:279–283PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Park K (2005) Epidemiology of chronic non-communicable diseases. In: Park K (ed) Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 17th edn. Banarsidas Bhanot, Jabalpur, pp 303–307 Park K (2005) Epidemiology of chronic non-communicable diseases. In: Park K (ed) Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 17th edn. Banarsidas Bhanot, Jabalpur, pp 303–307
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Wood EB, Freer TJ (2001) Incidence and etiology of facial injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Queensland for a three-year period. Aust Dent J 46:284–288PubMed Wood EB, Freer TJ (2001) Incidence and etiology of facial injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Queensland for a three-year period. Aust Dent J 46:284–288PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Jagger J, Vernberg K, Jane JA (1987) Air bags: reducing the toll of brain trauma. Neurosurgery 20:815–817PubMed Jagger J, Vernberg K, Jane JA (1987) Air bags: reducing the toll of brain trauma. Neurosurgery 20:815–817PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Mouzakes J, Koltai PJ, Kuhar S, Bernstein DS, Wing P, Salsberg E (2001) The impact of airbags and seat belts on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in automobile accidents in New York State. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:1189–1193PubMed Mouzakes J, Koltai PJ, Kuhar S, Bernstein DS, Wing P, Salsberg E (2001) The impact of airbags and seat belts on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in automobile accidents in New York State. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:1189–1193PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox D, Vincent DG, McGwin G, MacLennan PA, Holmes JD, Rue LW 3rd (2004) Effect of restraint systems on maxillofacial injury in frontal motor vehicle collisions. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:571–575PubMed Cox D, Vincent DG, McGwin G, MacLennan PA, Holmes JD, Rue LW 3rd (2004) Effect of restraint systems on maxillofacial injury in frontal motor vehicle collisions. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:571–575PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat McMullin BT, Rhee JS, Pintar FA, Szabo A, Yoganandan N (2009) Facial fractures in motor vehicle collisions: epidemiological trends and risk factors. Arch Facial Plast Surg 11:165–170PubMed McMullin BT, Rhee JS, Pintar FA, Szabo A, Yoganandan N (2009) Facial fractures in motor vehicle collisions: epidemiological trends and risk factors. Arch Facial Plast Surg 11:165–170PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Francis DO, Kaufman R, Yueh B, Mock C, Nathens AB (2006) Air bag-induced orbital blow-out fractures. Laryngoscope 116:1966–1972PubMed Francis DO, Kaufman R, Yueh B, Mock C, Nathens AB (2006) Air bag-induced orbital blow-out fractures. Laryngoscope 116:1966–1972PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat McGwin G Jr, Metzger J, Porterfield JR, Moran SG, Rue LW III (2003) Association between side air bags and risk of injury in motor vehicle collisions with near-side impact. J Trauma 55:430–436PubMed McGwin G Jr, Metzger J, Porterfield JR, Moran SG, Rue LW III (2003) Association between side air bags and risk of injury in motor vehicle collisions with near-side impact. J Trauma 55:430–436PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachulis BL, Sangster W, Gorrell GW, Long WB (1988) Patterns of injury in helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclists. Am J Surg 155:708–711PubMed Bachulis BL, Sangster W, Gorrell GW, Long WB (1988) Patterns of injury in helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclists. Am J Surg 155:708–711PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson RM, McCarthy MC, Miller SF, Peoples JB (1995) Craniofacial trauma in injured motorcyclists: the impact of helmet usage. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 38:876–878 Johnson RM, McCarthy MC, Miller SF, Peoples JB (1995) Craniofacial trauma in injured motorcyclists: the impact of helmet usage. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 38:876–878
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraus JF, Peek C, McArthur DL, Williams A (1994) The effect of the 1992 California motorcycle helmet use law on motorcycle crash fatalities and injuries. J Am Med Assoc 272:1506–1511 Kraus JF, Peek C, McArthur DL, Williams A (1994) The effect of the 1992 California motorcycle helmet use law on motorcycle crash fatalities and injuries. J Am Med Assoc 272:1506–1511
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussain OT, Nayyar MS, Brady FA, Beirne JC, Stassen LF (2006) Speeding and maxillofacial injuries: impact of the introduction of penalty points for speeding offences. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:15–19PubMed Hussain OT, Nayyar MS, Brady FA, Beirne JC, Stassen LF (2006) Speeding and maxillofacial injuries: impact of the introduction of penalty points for speeding offences. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:15–19PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Healy DG, Connolly P, Stephens MM, O’Byrne JM, McManus F, McCormack D (2004) Speed and spinal injuries. Injury 35:908–912PubMed Healy DG, Connolly P, Stephens MM, O’Byrne JM, McManus F, McCormack D (2004) Speed and spinal injuries. Injury 35:908–912PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Le BT, Dierks EJ, Ueeck BA, Homer LD, Potter BF (2001) Maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59:1277–1283, discussion 1283–1284PubMed Le BT, Dierks EJ, Ueeck BA, Homer LD, Potter BF (2001) Maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59:1277–1283, discussion 1283–1284PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Hotaling GT, Sugarman DB (1986) An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: the current state of knowledge. Violence Vict 1:101–124PubMed Hotaling GT, Sugarman DB (1986) An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: the current state of knowledge. Violence Vict 1:101–124PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanis JA (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 4:368–381PubMed Kanis JA (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 4:368–381PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Agarwal CM (2002) Age related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone. Bone 31:1–7PubMed Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Agarwal CM (2002) Age related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone. Bone 31:1–7PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Werning JW, Downey NM, Brinker RA, Khuder SA, Davis WJ, Rubin AM, Elsamaloty HM (2004) The impact of osteoporosis on patients with maxillofacial trauma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:353–356PubMed Werning JW, Downey NM, Brinker RA, Khuder SA, Davis WJ, Rubin AM, Elsamaloty HM (2004) The impact of osteoporosis on patients with maxillofacial trauma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:353–356PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat von Wowern N (2001) General and oral aspects of osteoporosis: a review. Clin Oral Investig 5:71–82 von Wowern N (2001) General and oral aspects of osteoporosis: a review. Clin Oral Investig 5:71–82
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Kribbs P, Chesnut C (1998) Relationships between mandibular and skeletal bone in an osteoporotic population. J Prosthet Dent 62:703–707 Kribbs P, Chesnut C (1998) Relationships between mandibular and skeletal bone in an osteoporotic population. J Prosthet Dent 62:703–707
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Down KE, Boot DA, Gorman DF (1995) Maxillofacial and associated injuries in severely traumatized patients: implications of a regional survey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:409–412PubMed Down KE, Boot DA, Gorman DF (1995) Maxillofacial and associated injuries in severely traumatized patients: implications of a regional survey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:409–412PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindqvist C, Sorsa S, Hyrkas T, Santavirta S (1986) Maxillofacial fractures sustained in bicycle accidents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15:12–18PubMed Lindqvist C, Sorsa S, Hyrkas T, Santavirta S (1986) Maxillofacial fractures sustained in bicycle accidents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15:12–18PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Hampton JL, Kenny RA, Newton JL (2002) Effective interventions to prevent falls in older people. Br J Gen Pract 52:884–886PubMed Hampton JL, Kenny RA, Newton JL (2002) Effective interventions to prevent falls in older people. Br J Gen Pract 52:884–886PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Sims DW, Bivens BA, Obeid FN, Horst HM, Sorensen VJ, Fath JJ (1989) Urban trauma: a chronic recurrent disease. J Trauma 29:940–946PubMed Sims DW, Bivens BA, Obeid FN, Horst HM, Sorensen VJ, Fath JJ (1989) Urban trauma: a chronic recurrent disease. J Trauma 29:940–946PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Mouthguards CDJ (1998) Protection for the mouth in rugby union. Sports Med 25:339–349 Mouthguards CDJ (1998) Protection for the mouth in rugby union. Sports Med 25:339–349
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Glowacki J (2007) Impact of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 19:187–198PubMed Glowacki J (2007) Impact of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 19:187–198PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Factors influencing the incidence of maxillofacial fractures
verfasst von
Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Ausgabe 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1865-1550
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-1569
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-011-0280-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2012

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Wie erfolgreich ist eine Re-Ablation nach Rezidiv?

23.04.2024 Ablationstherapie Nachrichten

Nach der Katheterablation von Vorhofflimmern kommt es bei etwa einem Drittel der Patienten zu Rezidiven, meist binnen eines Jahres. Wie sich spätere Rückfälle auf die Erfolgschancen einer erneuten Ablation auswirken, haben Schweizer Kardiologen erforscht.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Mehr Schaden als Nutzen durch präoperatives Aussetzen von GLP-1-Agonisten?

23.04.2024 Operationsvorbereitung Nachrichten

Derzeit wird empfohlen, eine Therapie mit GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten präoperativ zu unterbrechen. Eine neue Studie nährt jedoch Zweifel an der Notwendigkeit der Maßnahme.

Ureterstriktur: Innovative OP-Technik bewährt sich

19.04.2024 EAU 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Ureterstriktur ist eine relativ seltene Komplikation, trotzdem bedarf sie einer differenzierten Versorgung. In komplexen Fällen wird dies durch die roboterassistierte OP-Technik gewährleistet. Erste Resultate ermutigen.

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.