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Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology 2/2011

01.05.2011 | Leitthema

Epigenetische Pathomechanismen der Epileptogenese

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. I. Blümcke, K. Kobow, A.J. Becker

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 2/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Viele Läsionen im Gehirn können zu einer Epilepsie führen. Allerdings sind weder Anfallsbeginn noch Krankheitsverlauf oder das Ansprechen der antikonvulsiven Therapie individuell vorhersehbar. Auch die Pathomechanismen der Epileptogenese sind bislang wenig bekannt. Die verfügbaren und neu entwickelten Antiepileptika zielen meistens auf die Hemmung der Membranerregbarkeit oder der synaptischen Übertragung, ohne dass sich wirklich neue Möglichkeiten für die Behandlung pharmakoresistenter Epilepsien eröffnet haben. Ganz neue Impulse in dieser Hinsicht erhofft man sich durch die „epigenetische Medizin“. „Epigenetik“ wird als diejenige Veränderung der Erbsubstanz definiert, die Information unabhängig von der DNA-Sequenz engrammiert, z. B. durch DNA- oder Histonmethylierung. Epigenetische Mechanismen stellen somit fundamentale Regulationsprozesse für die zeitliche und räumliche Expression spezifischer Gene im Zentralnervensystem dar und spielen bei der Gehirnentwicklung und Alterung, aber auch bei synaptischer Plastizität sowie Gedächtnisbildung eine wichtige Rolle. Darüber hinaus wurden aberrante epigenetische Modifikationen bei zahlreichen neurologischen Erkrankungen beobachtet, wie z. B. Schizophrenie oder spinale Muskelatrophie. Die Autoren postulieren, dass epigenetische Pathomechanismen auch der Entstehung und Progression epileptischer Anfälle zugrunde liegen. Die systematische wissenschaftliche Untersuchung epigenetischer Pathomechanismen kann zudem neue Strategien für die Entwicklung pharmakologisch relevanter Zielmoleküle hervorbringen, und dieser Ansatz wird durch das neue europäische Verbundprojekt EpiGENet im Rahmen des Programms EuroEPINOMICS gefördert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Epigenetische Pathomechanismen der Epileptogenese
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. I. Blümcke
K. Kobow
A.J. Becker
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 2/2011
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-011-0171-0

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