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Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine

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01.04.2015 | Research Article

Influence of blood/tissue differences in contrast agent relaxivity on tracer-based MR perfusion measurements

verfasst von: Arvid Morell, Fredrik Lennmyr, Ove Jonsson, Thomas Tovedal, Jean Pettersson, Jonas Bergquist, Vitas Zemgulis, Gunnar Myrdal Einarsson, Stefan Thelin, Håkan Ahlström, Atle Bjørnerud

Erschienen in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine | Ausgabe 2/2015

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Abstract

Purpose

Perfusion assessment by monitoring the transport of a tracer bolus depends critically on conversion of signal intensity into tracer concentration. Two main assumptions are generally applied for this conversion; (1) contrast agent relaxivity is identical in blood and tissue, (2) change in signal intensity depends only on the primary relaxation effect. The purpose of the study was to assess the validity and influence of these assumptions.

Materials and methods

Blood and cerebral tissue relaxivities r1, r2, and r2* for gadodiamide were measured in four pigs at 1.5 T. Gadolinium concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Influence of the relaxivities, secondary relaxation effects and choice of singular value decomposition (SVD) regularization threshold was studied by simulations.

Results

In vivo relaxivities relative to blood concentration [in s⁻¹ mM⁻¹ for blood, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM)] were for r1 (2.614 ± 1.061, 0.010 ± 0.001, 0.004 ± 0.002), r2 (5.088 ± 0.952, 0.091 ± 0.008, 0.059 ± 0.014), and r2* (13.292 ± 3.928, 1.696 ± 0.157, 0.910 ± 0.139). Although substantial, by a nonparametric test for paired samples, the differences were not statistically significant. The GM to WM blood volume ratio was estimated to 2.6 ± 0.9 by r1, 1.6 ± 0.3 by r2, and 1.9 ± 0.2 by r2*. Secondary relaxation was found to reduce the tissue blood flow, as did the SVD regularization threshold.

Conclusion

Contrast agent relaxivity is not identical in blood and tissue leading to substantial errors. Further errors are introduced by secondary relaxation effects and the SVD regularization.

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Titel: Influence of blood/tissue differences in contrast agent relaxivity on tracer-based MR perfusion measurements
verfasst von: Arvid Morell
Fredrik Lennmyr
Ove Jonsson
Thomas Tovedal
Jean Pettersson
Jonas Bergquist
Vitas Zemgulis
Gunnar Myrdal Einarsson
Stefan Thelin
Håkan Ahlström
Atle Bjørnerud
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0968-5243
Elektronische ISSN: 1352-8661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-014-0452-5

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Influence of blood/tissue differences in contrast agent relaxivity on tracer-based MR perfusion measurements