nach oben

Journal of Family Violence

Erschienen in:

22.02.2022 | COVID-19 | Original Article Zur Zeit gratis

Not All Homes Are Safe: Family Violence Following the Onset of the Covid-19 Pandemic

verfasst von: Kelsey J. Drotning, Long Doan, Liana C. Sayer, Jessica N. Fish, R. Gordon Rinderknecht

Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence | Ausgabe 2/2023

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Evidence from victim service providers suggests the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in family violence. However, empirical evidence has been limited. This study uses novel survey data to investigate the occurrence of family violence during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Data come from the second wave of the Assessing the Social Consequences of COVID-19 study, an online non-probability sample collected in April and May 2020. Family violence is measured using four variables: any violence, physical violence, verbal abuse, and restricted access. The authors use logistic regression and KHB decomposition to examine the prevalence of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that sexual minorities, in particular bisexual people, experienced higher rates of family violence than heterosexual respondents. Women were the only group to report an increase in the frequency of family violence. Household income loss is associated with the incidence of verbal violence. Our findings demonstrate the importance of expanding victim services to address the additional barriers victims face within the pandemic context and beyond, including broad contexts of social isolation and financial precarity experienced by individuals at risk of family violence.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

This paper focuses on violence perpetrated against people over the age of 18. While family violence includes child abuse, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse against others in the same household, our sample is limited to those 18 years of age and older and cannot draw conclusions about elder abuse due to limited sample size of 60 + .

Specification checks using multiple imputation does not produce substantively different results to those presented.

Attention check questions (ACQs) are used to flag respondents who are not paying attention to the survey. These may be trick questions or questions with very specific instructions about how to answer. ACQ’s have been shown to increase data quality by allowing the removal of inattentive respondents (Peer, Vosgerau, and Acquisti 2014).

Survey platforms like Prolific and MTurk allows researchers to reject or accept a respondents survey response. A respondent’s “reputation” reflects the percentage of surveys that have been accepted. Researchers can set a minimum qualification (i.e., 95% of previous submissions were approved) for respondents to be eligible to participate in their survey (Peer, Vosgerau, and Acquisti 2014).

VPS users are online survey respondents who hide their location using a Virtual Private Server (VPS) or Virtual Private Network (VPN) (Winter et al., 2019).

Anderberg, D., Rainer, H., Wadsworth, J., & Wilson, T. (2016). Unemployment and domestic violence: Theory and evidence. Economic Journal, 126(597), 1947–1979. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12246.CrossRef

Arenas-Arroyo, E., Fernandez-Kranz, D., & Nollenberger, N. (2021). Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 194,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104350.

Bateman, N., & Ross, M. (2020). Why has COVID-19 been especially harmful for working women? Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/essay/why-has-COVID-19-been-especially-harmful-for-working-women/.

Breen, R., Karlson, K. B., & Holm, A. (2013). Total, direct, and indirect effects in logit and probit models. Sociological Methods & Research, 42(2), 164–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113494572.CrossRef

Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Basile, K. C., Walters, M. L., Chen, J., & Merrick, M. T. (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization – national intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm#Table2.

Brooks-Gunn, J., Schneider, W., & Waldfogel, J. (2013). The great recession and the risk for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 721–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.016.CrossRef

Calarco, J. M., Meanwell, E., Anderson, E. M., & Knopf, A. (2020). “My husband thinks I’m crazy”: COVID-19 related conflict in couples with young children. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/cpkj6.CrossRef

Calarco, J. M., Meanwell, E., Anderson, E. M., & Knopf, A. (2021). By default: The origins of gendered inequalities in pandemic parenting. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/hgnfs.CrossRef

Conger, R. D., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, K. J., Simons, R. L., Whitbeck, L. B., Huck, S., & Melby, J. M. (1990). Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52(3), 643. https://doi.org/10.2307/352931.CrossRef

Conger, K. J., Rueter, M. A., & Conger, R. D. (2000). The role of economic pressure in the lives of parents and their adolescents: The family stress model. In L. J. Crockett & R. K. Silberiesen (Eds.), Negotiating adolescence in times of social change (pp. 201–223). Cambridge University Press.

Culley, D., & Sanders, H. (2010). Exploitation and abuse of the elderly during the great recession: A Maine practitioner perspective. Maine Law Review, 62(2), 429–451.

Curry, T. R., Morales, M. C., Zavala, E., & Hernandez, J. L. (2018). Why is family violence lower among Mexican immigrants? The protective features of Mexican culture. Journal of Family Violence, 33, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-017-9947-y.CrossRef

Dixon, E. (2020). Supporting LGBTQ Survivors of Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs. https://avp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NCAVPCOVIDReport_v2.pdf.

Fox, G. L., Benson, M. L., DeMaris, A. A., & Van Wyk, J. (2002). Economic distress and intimate violence: Testing family stress and resources theories. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 793–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00793.x.CrossRef

Fish, J., Salerno, J., Williams, N., Rinderknecht, R. G., Drotning K., Sayer L, & Doan, Long. (2021). Sexual minority disparities in health and wellbeing as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic differ by sexual identity. LGBT Health, 8, 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.0489.CrossRef

Fry, R., Passel, J.S., & Cohn, D. (2020). A majority of young adults in the U.S. Live with their parents for the first Tiem since the great depression. Pew Research Center, September 4. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/09/04/a-majority-of-young-adults-in-the-u-s-live-with-their-parents-for-the-first-time-since-the-great-depression/.

Gearhart, S., Perez-Patron, M., Hammond, T. A., Goldberg, D. W., Klein, A., & Horney, J. A. (2018). The impact of natural disasters on domestic violence: An analysis of reports of simple assault in Florida (1999–2007). Violence and Gender, 5(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0077.CrossRef

Goodman, J. K., & Paolacci, G. (2017). Crowdsourcing consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx047.CrossRef

Gould, E., & Shierholz, H. (2020). Not everybody can work from home: Black and Hispanic workers are much less likely to be able to telework. Working Economics Blog, Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/blog/black-and-hispanic-workers-are-much-less-likely-to-be-able-to-work-from-home/.

Hardesty, J. L., & Ogolsky, B. G. (2020). A socioecological perspective on intimate partner violence research: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 454–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12652.CrossRef

Hauser, D., Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2019). Common concerns with MTurk as a participant pool: Evidence and solutions. In F. R. Kardes, P. M. Herr, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in consumer psychology (pp. 319–337). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

H.R. 1620 – Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2021. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1620/text.

Kalleberg, A. L., & Vallas, S. P. (2018). Precarious work: Causes, characteristics, and consequences. Research in the Sociology of Work Volume 31. Emerald.

Lanier, C., & Maume, M. O. (2009). Intimate partner violence and social isolation across the rural/urban divide. Violence against Women, 15(11), 1311–1330. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801209346711.CrossRef

Lattouf, A. (2020). Domestic violence spikes during coronavirus as families trapped at home. https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a200326zyjkh/domestic-violence-spikes-during-coronavirus-as-families-trapped-at-home-20200327. Accessed March 28, 2020.

Lucero, J. L., Lim, S., & Santiago, A. M. (2016). Changes in economic hardship and intimate partner violence: A family stress framework. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 37(3), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-016-9488-1.CrossRef

McGeough, B. L., & Sterzing, P. R. (2018). A systematic review of family victimization experiences among sexual minority youth. Journal of Primary Prevention, 39(5), 491–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-018-0523-x.CrossRef

Modestino, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus child-care crisis will set women back a generation. Washington Post, June 29. https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2020/07/29/childcare-remote-learning-women-employment/.

Morgan, R. E., & Truman, J. L. (2020). Criminal Victimization, 2019. Bureau of Justice Statistics.

National Domestic Violence Hotline. (2020). COVID-19 Special Report. https://www.thehotline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/2005-TheHotline-COVID19-report_final.pdf.

Nowinski, S. N., & Bowen, E. (2012). Partner violence against heterosexual and gay men: Prevalence and correlates. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.005.CrossRef

Peer, E., Vosgerau, J., & Acquisti, A. (2014). Reputation as a sufficient condition for data quality on amazon mechanical Turk. Behavior Research Methods, 46(4), 1023–1031. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0434-y.CrossRef

Peer, E., Brandimarte, L., Samat, S., & Acquisti, A. (2017). Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.01.006.CrossRef

Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & Van Gelder, N. (2020). Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children. CGD Working Paper 528. Center for Global Development.

Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist Online. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660.CrossRef

Renzetti, C .M. (2009). Economic stress and domestic violence. VAWnet.org, 1–15.

Rezaeian, M. (2013). The association between natural disasters and violence: A systematic review of the literature and a call for more epidemiological studies. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 18(12), 1103. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908534/–1107.

Ruggles, S. (2015). Patriarchy, power, and pay: The transformation of american families, 1800–2015. Demography, 52(6), 1797–1823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0440-z.CrossRef

Salerno J. P., Doan L, Sayer L., Drotning K., Rinderknecht R. G., & Fish J. N. (2021). Changes in mental health and wellbeing are associated with living arrangements with parents during COVID-19 among sexual minority young persons in the U.S. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000520

Schneider, D., Harknett, K., & McLanahan, S. (2016). Intimate partner violence in the great recession. Demography, 53, 471–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0462-1.CrossRef

Smith, S. G., Zhang, X., Basile, K. C., Merrick, M. T., Wang, J., Kresnow, M., & Chen, J. (2018). National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2015 Data Brief-Updated Release. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: The entrapment of women in personal life. Oxford University.

Stephenson, R. and Finneran, C. (2013). The IPV-GBM Scale: A new scale to measure intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men. PLoS ONE, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062592.

Tillery, B., Ray, A., Cruz, E., & Waters, E. (2018). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and HIV-affected hate and intimate partner violence in 2017. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs.

Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23, 549–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12735.CrossRef

Wako, E., Elliott, L., De Jesus, S., Zotti, M. E., Swahn, M. H., & Beltrami, J. (2015). Conflict, displacement, and IPV: Findings from two Congolese refugee camps in Rwanda. Violence against Women, 21(9), 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215590669.CrossRef

Walters, M. L., Chen, J., & Breiding, M. J. (2013). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 findings on victimization by sexual orientation. National Center for Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/NISVS_SOfindings.pdf.

Wanqing, Z. (2020). Domestic violence cases surge during COVID-19 epidemic. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1005253/domestic-violence-cases-surge-during-COVID-19-epidemic.

Whittington, C., Hadfield, K., & Calderón, C. (2020). The lives and livelihoods of many in the LGBTQ+ community are at risk amidst COVID-19 crisis. Human Rights Campaign Foundation, 1–7.

Winter, N., Burleigh, T., Kennedy, R., & Clifford, S. (2019). A simplified protocol to screen out VPS and international respondents using qualtrics. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3327274.CrossRef

Zadnik, E., Sabina, C., & Cuevas, C. A. (2014). Violence against Latinas: The effects of undocumented status on rates of victimization and help-seeking. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31, 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514564062.CrossRef

Zhang, H. (2020). The influence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on family violence in China. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00196-8.CrossRef

Titel: Not All Homes Are Safe: Family Violence Following the Onset of the Covid-19 Pandemic
verfasst von: Kelsey J. Drotning
Long Doan
Liana C. Sayer
Jessica N. Fish
R. Gordon Rinderknecht
Publikationsdatum: 22.02.2022
Verlag: Springer US
Schlagwort: COVID-19
Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence / Ausgabe 2/2023
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00372-y

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Not All Homes Are Safe: Family Violence Following the Onset of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Psychiatrie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2023

Frontal EEG Asymmetry in Fathers who use Intimate Partner Violence

Parental Marital Quality and Children’s Depression in China: The Different Mediating Roles of Parental Psychological Aggression and Corporal Punishment

Correction to: Sibling Bullying in Turkish Adolescents: Translation and Cross-Cultural Validation of the Sibling Bullying Questionnaire

Evaluation of Support Over Silence for KIDS: A Bystander Training Program to Address Public Child Maltreatment

Child-to-Parent Cyber Violence: What Is the Next Step?

What’s In It for Me? Motivating the Untreated Abuser to Consider Treatment

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Psychiatrie