Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Genetic Counseling 3/2008

01.06.2008 | Original Research

Psychosocial Conditions of Women Awaiting Genetic Counseling: A Population-based Study

verfasst von: Ellen M. Mikkelsen, Lone Sunde, Christoffer Johansen, Søren P. Johnsen

Erschienen in: Journal of Genetic Counseling | Ausgabe 3/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The decision whether to undergo genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is complex. Knowledge about the psychosocial conditions of women who are awaiting counseling is sparse. We aimed to compare the psychosocial conditions of women awaiting genetic counseling with those of women in two reference groups. We included 567 women referred to genetic counseling for hereditary risk of breast or ovarian cancer (Genetic Group), 689 women referred to mammography (Mammography Group) and a random sample of 2,000 women from the general population (Population Group). One to 4 weeks before the first counseling session or mammography, data were collected by questionnaires. Both women affected with cancer and unaffected women in the Genetic Group appeared to have a somewhat higher prevalence of cancer-specific-distress than the corresponding reference groups. Further research on the effect of pre- counseling interventions appear warranted in addition with exploring a potential association between waiting time and cancer-specific distress.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen, T. F., Madsen, M., Jorgensen, J., Mellemkjoer, L., & Olsen, J. H. (1999). The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences. Danish Medical Bulletin, 46, 263–268.PubMed Andersen, T. F., Madsen, M., Jorgensen, J., Mellemkjoer, L., & Olsen, J. H. (1999). The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences. Danish Medical Bulletin, 46, 263–268.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bish, A., Sutton, S., Jacobs, C., Levene, S., Ramirez, A., & Hodgson, S. (2002). Changes in psychological distress after cancer genetic counselling: A comparison of affected and unaffected women. British Journal of Cancer, 86, 43–50.PubMedCrossRef Bish, A., Sutton, S., Jacobs, C., Levene, S., Ramirez, A., & Hodgson, S. (2002). Changes in psychological distress after cancer genetic counselling: A comparison of affected and unaffected women. British Journal of Cancer, 86, 43–50.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52, 69–77.PubMedCrossRef Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52, 69–77.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bjorner, J. B., Damsgaard, M. T., Watt, T., Bech, P., Rasmussen, N. K., Kristensen, T. S., et al. (1997). Dansk manual til SF-36. Copenhagen: Lif. Bjorner, J. B., Damsgaard, M. T., Watt, T., Bech, P., Rasmussen, N. K., Kristensen, T. S., et al. (1997). Dansk manual til SF-36. Copenhagen: Lif.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowen, D. J., Burke, W., McTiernan, A., Yasui, Y., & Andersen, M. R. (2004). Breast cancer risk counseling improves women’s functioning. Patient Education and Counseling, 53, 79–86.PubMedCrossRef Bowen, D. J., Burke, W., McTiernan, A., Yasui, Y., & Andersen, M. R. (2004). Breast cancer risk counseling improves women’s functioning. Patient Education and Counseling, 53, 79–86.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brain, K., Gray, J., Norman, P., France, E., Anglim, C., Barton, G., et al. (2000a). Randomized trial of a specialist genetic assessment service for familial breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92, 1345–1351.PubMedCrossRef Brain, K., Gray, J., Norman, P., France, E., Anglim, C., Barton, G., et al. (2000a). Randomized trial of a specialist genetic assessment service for familial breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92, 1345–1351.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brain, K., Gray, J., Norman, P., Parsons, E., Clarke, A., Rogers, C., et al. (2000b). Why do women attend familial breast cancer clinics. Journal of Medical Genetics, 37, 197–202.PubMedCrossRef Brain, K., Gray, J., Norman, P., Parsons, E., Clarke, A., Rogers, C., et al. (2000b). Why do women attend familial breast cancer clinics. Journal of Medical Genetics, 37, 197–202.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Braithwaite, D., Emery, J., Walter, F., Prevost, A. T., & Sutton, S. (2004). Psychological impact of genetic counseling for familial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 122–133.PubMedCrossRef Braithwaite, D., Emery, J., Walter, F., Prevost, A. T., & Sutton, S. (2004). Psychological impact of genetic counseling for familial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 122–133.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brondum-Nielsen, K. (2003). Genetic counseling and genetic services. Ugeskrift for Laeger, 165, 777–779.PubMed Brondum-Nielsen, K. (2003). Genetic counseling and genetic services. Ugeskrift for Laeger, 165, 777–779.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Calzone, K. A., Prindiville, S. A., Jourkiv, O., Jenkins, J., DeCarvalho, M., Wallerstedt, D. B., et al. (2005). Randomized comparison of group versus individual genetic education and counseling for familial breast and/or ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 3455–3464.PubMedCrossRef Calzone, K. A., Prindiville, S. A., Jourkiv, O., Jenkins, J., DeCarvalho, M., Wallerstedt, D. B., et al. (2005). Randomized comparison of group versus individual genetic education and counseling for familial breast and/or ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 3455–3464.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carlsson, A. H., Bjorvatn, C., Engebretsen, L. F., Berglund, G., & Natvig, G. K. (2004). Psychosocial factors associated with quality of life among individuals attending genetic counseling for hereditary cancer. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 13, 425–445.PubMedCrossRef Carlsson, A. H., Bjorvatn, C., Engebretsen, L. F., Berglund, G., & Natvig, G. K. (2004). Psychosocial factors associated with quality of life among individuals attending genetic counseling for hereditary cancer. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 13, 425–445.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, 373–383.PubMedCrossRef Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, 373–383.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Claus, E. B., Schildkraut, J. M., Thompson, W. D., & Risch, N. J. (1996). The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer, 77, 2318–2324.PubMedCrossRef Claus, E. B., Schildkraut, J. M., Thompson, W. D., & Risch, N. J. (1996). The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer, 77, 2318–2324.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cull, A., Anderson, E. D., Campbell, S., Mackay, J., Smyth, E., & Steel, M. (1999). The impact of genetic counselling about breast cancer risk on women’s risk perceptions and levels of distress. British Journal of Cancer, 79, 501–508.PubMedCrossRef Cull, A., Anderson, E. D., Campbell, S., Mackay, J., Smyth, E., & Steel, M. (1999). The impact of genetic counselling about breast cancer risk on women’s risk perceptions and levels of distress. British Journal of Cancer, 79, 501–508.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cull, A., Fry, A., Rush, R., & Steel, C. M. (2001). Cancer risk perceptions and distress among women attending a familial ovarian cancer clinic. British Journal of Cancer, 84, 594–599.PubMedCrossRef Cull, A., Fry, A., Rush, R., & Steel, C. M. (2001). Cancer risk perceptions and distress among women attending a familial ovarian cancer clinic. British Journal of Cancer, 84, 594–599.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cull, A., Miller, H., Porterfield, T., Mackay, J., Anderson, E. D., Steel, C. M., et al. (1998). The use of videotaped information in cancer genetic counselling: A randomized evaluation study. British Journal of Cancer, 77, 830–837.PubMed Cull, A., Miller, H., Porterfield, T., Mackay, J., Anderson, E. D., Steel, C. M., et al. (1998). The use of videotaped information in cancer genetic counselling: A randomized evaluation study. British Journal of Cancer, 77, 830–837.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ford, D., Easton, D. F., Stratton, M., Narod, S., Goldgar, D., Devilee, P., et al. (1998). Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 676–689.PubMedCrossRef Ford, D., Easton, D. F., Stratton, M., Narod, S., Goldgar, D., Devilee, P., et al. (1998). Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 676–689.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fry, A., Cull, A., Appleton, S., Rush, R., Holloway, S., Gorman, D., et al. (2003). A randomised controlled trial of breast cancer genetics services in South East Scotland: Psychological impact. British Journal of Cancer, 89, 653–659.PubMedCrossRef Fry, A., Cull, A., Appleton, S., Rush, R., Holloway, S., Gorman, D., et al. (2003). A randomised controlled trial of breast cancer genetics services in South East Scotland: Psychological impact. British Journal of Cancer, 89, 653–659.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hallowell, N., Murton, F., Statham, H., Green, J. M., & Richards, M. P. (1997). Women’s need for information before attending genetic counselling for familial breast or ovarian cancer: a questionnaire, interview, and observational study. BMJ, 314, 281–283.PubMed Hallowell, N., Murton, F., Statham, H., Green, J. M., & Richards, M. P. (1997). Women’s need for information before attending genetic counselling for familial breast or ovarian cancer: a questionnaire, interview, and observational study. BMJ, 314, 281–283.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hopwood, P., Wonderling, D., Watson, M., Cull, A., Douglas, F., Cole, T., et al. (2004). A randomised comparison of UK genetic risk counselling services for familial cancer: Psychosocial outcomes. British Journal of Cancer, 91, 884–892.PubMed Hopwood, P., Wonderling, D., Watson, M., Cull, A., Douglas, F., Cole, T., et al. (2004). A randomised comparison of UK genetic risk counselling services for familial cancer: Psychosocial outcomes. British Journal of Cancer, 91, 884–892.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218.PubMed Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Humphreys, L., Hunter, A. G., Zimak, A., O’Brien, A., Korneluk, Y., & Cappelli, M. (2000). Why patients do not attend for their appointments at a genetics clinic. Journal of Medical Genetics, 37, 810–815.PubMedCrossRef Humphreys, L., Hunter, A. G., Zimak, A., O’Brien, A., Korneluk, Y., & Cappelli, M. (2000). Why patients do not attend for their appointments at a genetics clinic. Journal of Medical Genetics, 37, 810–815.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jorgensen, C. K., & Karlsmose, B. (1998). Validation of automated forms processing. A comparison of Teleform with manual data entry. Computers in Biology Medicine, 28, 659–667.CrossRef Jorgensen, C. K., & Karlsmose, B. (1998). Validation of automated forms processing. A comparison of Teleform with manual data entry. Computers in Biology Medicine, 28, 659–667.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kasparian, N. A., Wakefield, C. E., & Meiser, B. (2007). Assessment of psychosocial outcomes in genetic counseling research an overview of available measurement scales. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 6, 693–712.CrossRef Kasparian, N. A., Wakefield, C. E., & Meiser, B. (2007). Assessment of psychosocial outcomes in genetic counseling research an overview of available measurement scales. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 6, 693–712.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kent, H. (1999). Waiting list grows for BC’s hereditary cancer program. CMAJ, 161, 1175.PubMed Kent, H. (1999). Waiting list grows for BC’s hereditary cancer program. CMAJ, 161, 1175.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kinmonth, A. L., Reinhard, J., Bobrow, M., & Pauker, S. (1998). The new genetics. Implications for clinical services in Britain and the United States. BMJ, 316, 767–770.PubMed Kinmonth, A. L., Reinhard, J., Bobrow, M., & Pauker, S. (1998). The new genetics. Implications for clinical services in Britain and the United States. BMJ, 316, 767–770.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Knudsen, L. B. (1998). The Danish fertility database. Danish Medical Bulletin, 45, 221–225.PubMed Knudsen, L. B. (1998). The Danish fertility database. Danish Medical Bulletin, 45, 221–225.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lerman, C., Daly, M., Masny, A., & Balshem, A. (1994). Attitudes about genetic testing for breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12, 843–850.PubMed Lerman, C., Daly, M., Masny, A., & Balshem, A. (1994). Attitudes about genetic testing for breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12, 843–850.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lerman, C., Schwartz, M. D., Miller, S. M., Daly, M., Sands, C., & Rimer, B. K. (1996). A randomized trial of breast cancer risk counseling: interacting effects of counseling, educational level, and coping style. Health Psychology, 15, 75–83.PubMedCrossRef Lerman, C., Schwartz, M. D., Miller, S. M., Daly, M., Sands, C., & Rimer, B. K. (1996). A randomized trial of breast cancer risk counseling: interacting effects of counseling, educational level, and coping style. Health Psychology, 15, 75–83.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lerman, C., Seay, J., Balshem, A., & Audrain, J. (1995). Interest in genetic testing among first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 57, 385–392.PubMedCrossRef Lerman, C., Seay, J., Balshem, A., & Audrain, J. (1995). Interest in genetic testing among first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 57, 385–392.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lobb, E. A., Butow, P. N., Meiser, B., Barratt, A., Gaff, C., Young, M. A., et al. (2002). Tailoring communication in consultations with women from high risk breast cancer families. British Journal of Cancer, 87, 502–508.PubMedCrossRef Lobb, E. A., Butow, P. N., Meiser, B., Barratt, A., Gaff, C., Young, M. A., et al. (2002). Tailoring communication in consultations with women from high risk breast cancer families. British Journal of Cancer, 87, 502–508.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meiser, B., Butow, P. N., Barratt, A. L., Schnieden, V., Gattas, M., Kirk, J., et al. (2001). Long-term outcomes of genetic counseling in women at increased risk of developing hereditary breast cancer. Patient Education and Counseling, 44, 215–225.PubMedCrossRef Meiser, B., Butow, P. N., Barratt, A. L., Schnieden, V., Gattas, M., Kirk, J., et al. (2001). Long-term outcomes of genetic counseling in women at increased risk of developing hereditary breast cancer. Patient Education and Counseling, 44, 215–225.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meiser, B., & Halliday, J. L. (2002). What is the impact of genetic counselling in women at increased risk of developing hereditary breast cancer? A meta-analytic review. Social Science & Medicine, 54, 1463–1470.CrossRef Meiser, B., & Halliday, J. L. (2002). What is the impact of genetic counselling in women at increased risk of developing hereditary breast cancer? A meta-analytic review. Social Science & Medicine, 54, 1463–1470.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miki, Y., Swensen, J., Shattuck-Eidens, D., Futreal, P. A., Harshman, K., Tavtigian, S., et al. (1994). A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science, 266, 66–71.PubMedCrossRef Miki, Y., Swensen, J., Shattuck-Eidens, D., Futreal, P. A., Harshman, K., Tavtigian, S., et al. (1994). A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science, 266, 66–71.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mogilner, A., Otten, M., Cunningham, J. D., & Brower, S. T. (1998). Awareness and attitudes concerning BRCA gene testing. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 5, 607–612.PubMedCrossRef Mogilner, A., Otten, M., Cunningham, J. D., & Brower, S. T. (1998). Awareness and attitudes concerning BRCA gene testing. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 5, 607–612.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Munk-Jorgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997). The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, 82–84.PubMed Munk-Jorgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997). The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, 82–84.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Randall, J., Butow, P., Kirk, J., & Tucker, K. (2001). Psychological impact of genetic counselling and testing in women previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Internal Medicine Journal, 31, 397–405.PubMedCrossRef Randall, J., Butow, P., Kirk, J., & Tucker, K. (2001). Psychological impact of genetic counselling and testing in women previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Internal Medicine Journal, 31, 397–405.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rose, M. S., Koshman, M. L., Spreng, S., & Sheldon, R. (1999). Statistical issues encountered in the comparison of health-related quality of life in diseased patients to published general population norms: problems and solutions. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 52, 405–412.PubMedCrossRef Rose, M. S., Koshman, M. L., Spreng, S., & Sheldon, R. (1999). Statistical issues encountered in the comparison of health-related quality of life in diseased patients to published general population norms: problems and solutions. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 52, 405–412.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz, M. D., Peshkin, B. N., Hughes, C., Main, D., Isaacs, C., & Lerman, C. (2002). Impact of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation testing on psychologic distress in a clinic-based sample. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 514–520.PubMedCrossRef Schwartz, M. D., Peshkin, B. N., Hughes, C., Main, D., Isaacs, C., & Lerman, C. (2002). Impact of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation testing on psychologic distress in a clinic-based sample. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 514–520.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Storm, H. H., Michelsen, E. V., Clemmensen, I. H., & Pihl, J. (1997). The Danish Cancer Registry-history, content, quality and use. Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, 535–539.PubMed Storm, H. H., Michelsen, E. V., Clemmensen, I. H., & Pihl, J. (1997). The Danish Cancer Registry-history, content, quality and use. Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, 535–539.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sundin, E. C., & Horowitz, M. J. (2002). Impact of Event Scale: psychometric properties. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 205–209.PubMedCrossRef Sundin, E. C., & Horowitz, M. J. (2002). Impact of Event Scale: psychometric properties. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 205–209.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thorlacius, S., Struewing, J. P., Hartge, P., Olafsdottir, G. H., Sigvaldason, H., Tryggvadottir, L., et al. (1998). Population-based study of risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA2 mutation. Lancet, 352, 1337–1339.PubMedCrossRef Thorlacius, S., Struewing, J. P., Hartge, P., Olafsdottir, G. H., Sigvaldason, H., Tryggvadottir, L., et al. (1998). Population-based study of risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA2 mutation. Lancet, 352, 1337–1339.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van Asperen, C. J., Van Dijk, S., Zoeteweij, M. W., Timmermans, D. R., De Bock, G. H., Meijers-Heijboer, E. J., et al. (2002). What do women really want to know? Motives for attending familial breast cancer clinics. Journal of Medical Genetics, 39, 410–414.PubMedCrossRef Van Asperen, C. J., Van Dijk, S., Zoeteweij, M. W., Timmermans, D. R., De Bock, G. H., Meijers-Heijboer, E. J., et al. (2002). What do women really want to know? Motives for attending familial breast cancer clinics. Journal of Medical Genetics, 39, 410–414.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ware Jr., J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473–483.PubMedCrossRef Ware Jr., J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473–483.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, M., Lloyd, S., Davidson, J., Meyer, L., Eeles, R., Ebbs, S., et al. (1999). The impact of genetic counselling on risk perception and mental health in women with a family history of breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 79, 868–874.PubMedCrossRef Watson, M., Lloyd, S., Davidson, J., Meyer, L., Eeles, R., Ebbs, S., et al. (1999). The impact of genetic counselling on risk perception and mental health in women with a family history of breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 79, 868–874.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wonderling, D., Hopwood, P., Cull, A., Douglas, F., Watson, M., Burn, J., et al. (2001). A descriptive study of UK cancer genetics services: an emerging clinical response to the new genetics. British Journal of Cancer, 85, 166–170.PubMedCrossRef Wonderling, D., Hopwood, P., Cull, A., Douglas, F., Watson, M., Burn, J., et al. (2001). A descriptive study of UK cancer genetics services: an emerging clinical response to the new genetics. British Journal of Cancer, 85, 166–170.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wood, M. E., Mullineaux, L., Rahm, A. K., Fairclough, D., & Wenzel, L. (2000). Impact of BRCA1 testing on women with cancer: a pilot study. Genetic Testing, 4, 265–272.PubMedCrossRef Wood, M. E., Mullineaux, L., Rahm, A. K., Fairclough, D., & Wenzel, L. (2000). Impact of BRCA1 testing on women with cancer: a pilot study. Genetic Testing, 4, 265–272.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wooster, R., Neuhausen, S. L., Mangion, J., Quirk, Y., Ford, D., Collins, N., et al. (1994). Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q12–13. Science, 265, 2088–2090.PubMedCrossRef Wooster, R., Neuhausen, S. L., Mangion, J., Quirk, Y., Ford, D., Collins, N., et al. (1994). Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q12–13. Science, 265, 2088–2090.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.PubMedCrossRef Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Psychosocial Conditions of Women Awaiting Genetic Counseling: A Population-based Study
verfasst von
Ellen M. Mikkelsen
Lone Sunde
Christoffer Johansen
Søren P. Johnsen
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2008
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Genetic Counseling / Ausgabe 3/2008
Print ISSN: 1059-7700
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3599
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-007-9139-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2008

Journal of Genetic Counseling 3/2008 Zur Ausgabe

Mammakarzinom: Senken Statine das krebsbedingte Sterberisiko?

15.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

Frauen mit lokalem oder metastasiertem Brustkrebs, die Statine einnehmen, haben eine niedrigere krebsspezifische Mortalität als Patientinnen, die dies nicht tun, legen neue Daten aus den USA nahe.

Neue S3-Leitlinie zur unkomplizierten Zystitis: Auf Antibiotika verzichten?

15.05.2024 Harnwegsinfektionen Nachrichten

Welche Antibiotika darf man bei unkomplizierter Zystitis verwenden und wovon sollte man die Finger lassen? Welche pflanzlichen Präparate können helfen? Was taugt der zugelassene Impfstoff? Antworten vom Koordinator der frisch überarbeiteten S3-Leitlinie, Prof. Florian Wagenlehner.

Gestationsdiabetes: In der zweiten Schwangerschaft folgenreicher als in der ersten

13.05.2024 Gestationsdiabetes Nachrichten

Das Risiko, nach einem Gestationsdiabetes einen Typ-2-Diabetes zu entwickeln, hängt nicht nur von der Zahl, sondern auch von der Reihenfolge der betroffenen Schwangerschaften ab.

Embryotransfer erhöht womöglich Leukämierisiko der Kinder

13.05.2024 Assistierte Reproduktion Nachrichten

Reproduktionsmedizinische Techniken haben theoretisch das Potenzial, den epigenetischen Code zu verändern und somit das Krebsrisiko der Kinder zu erhöhen. Zwischen Embryotransfer und Leukämie scheint sich ein solcher Zusammenhang bestätigt zu haben.

Update Gynäkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.