Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Current Gastroenterology Reports
Erschienen in: Current Gastroenterology Reports 12/2013

01.12.2013 | Neuromuscular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract (S Rao, Section Editor)

Gas and the Microbiome

verfasst von: Mark Pimentel, Ruchi Mathur, Christopher Chang

Erschienen in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Ausgabe 12/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Humans are host to trillions of microbial colonizers that contribute significantly to human health and disease. Advances in sequencing and other technologies have facilitated dramatic advances in our knowledge of the types and number of organisms colonizing different areas of the body, and while our knowledge of the roles played by the different bacteria, fungi, and archaea has increased dramatically, there remains much to uncover. The microbes that colonize the human gut contribute to vitamin biosynthesis, immune modulation, and the breakdown of otherwise indigestible foods for nutrient harvest. Bacteria and archaea produce various gases as by-products of fermentation, and it is becoming increasingly understood that these gases have both direct and indirect effects on the gut, and may also be used as diagnostic markers, e.g., hydrogen production as measured by breath testing can be used to diagnose bacterial overgrowth. In this article, we review the roles and effects of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human gut.
Literatur
1.
The Gut Microbiota. Science (special issue). 2012;336.
2.
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;486:207–14.
3.
A framework for human microbiome research. Nature. 2012;486:215–21.
4.
Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011;473:174–80.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Sahakian AB, Jee SR, Pimentel M. Methane and the gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2135–43.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Savage DC. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1977;31:107–33.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Conly JM, Stein K, Worobetz L, Rutledge-Harding S. The contribution of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) produced by the intestinal microflora to human nutritional requirements for vitamin K. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:915–23.PubMed
8.
Gill SR, Pop M, Deboy RT, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science N Y. 2006;312:1355–9.CrossRef
9.
Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI. How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:283–307.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:15718–23.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB. Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria. J Lipid Res. 2006;47:241–59.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Littman DR, Pamer EG. Role of the commensal microbiota in normal and pathogenic host immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2011;10:311–23.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Salzman NH. Microbiota-immune system interaction: an uneasy alliance. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2011;14:99–105.PubMedCrossRef
14.
DiBaise JK, Zhang H, Crowell MD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Decker GA, Rittmann BE. Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83:460–9.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Backhed F, Manchester JK, Semenkovich CF, Gordon JI. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:979–84.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444:1027–31.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007;56:1761–72.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008;57:1470–81.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Sanz Y, Santacruz A, Gauffin P. Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:434–41.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism predisposing to obesity and diabetes. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:361–80.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Cani PD, Delzenne NM. The gut microbiome as therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther. 2011;130:202–12.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Kerckhoffs AP, Samsom M, van der Rest ME, et al. Lower Bifidobacteria counts in both duodenal mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:2887–92.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Kerckhoffs AP, Visser MR, Samsom M, et al. Critical evaluation of diagnosing bacterial overgrowth in the proximal small intestine. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42:1095–102.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Ghoshal UC, Shukla R, Ghoshal U, Gwee KA, Ng SC, Quigley EM. The gut microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome: friend or foe? Int J Inflam. 2012;2012:151085.PubMed
25.
Abu-Shanab A, Quigley EM. The role of the gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7:691–701.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Gibson GR, Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT. Competition for hydrogen between sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria from the human large intestine. J Appl Bacteriol. 1988;65:241–7.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Khoshini R, Dai SC, Lezcano S, Pimentel M. A systematic review of diagnostic tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53:1443–54.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Basseri RJ, Weitsman S, Barlow GM, Pimentel M. Antibiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;7:455–93.
29.
Shah ED, Basseri RJ, Chong K, Pimentel M. Abnormal breath testing in IBS: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2441–9.PubMedCrossRef
30.
King CE, Toskes PP. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth. Gastroenterology. 1979;76:1035–55.PubMed
31.
Kaye SA, Lim SG, Taylor M, Patel S, Gillespie S, Black CM. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis: detection using direct and indirect methods and treatment outcome. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34:265–9.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Soudah HC, Hasler WL, Owyang C. Effect of octreotide on intestinal motility and bacterial overgrowth in scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1461–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Menees SB, Maneerattannaporn M, Kim HM, Chey WD. The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:28–35. quiz 6.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Weaver GA, Krause JA, Miller TL, Wolin MJ. Incidence of methanogenic bacteria in a sigmoidoscopy population: an association of methanogenic bacteria and diverticulosis. Gut. 1986;27:698–704.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Pochart P, Lemann F, Flourie B, Pellier P, Goderel I, Rambaud JC. Pyxigraphic sampling to enumerate methanogens and anaerobes in the right colon of healthy humans. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1281–5.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Miller TL, Wolin MJ. Enumeration of Methanobrevibacter smithii in human feces. Arch Microbiol. 1982;131:14–8.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Bauchop T, Mountfort DO. Cellulose fermentation by a rumen anaerobic fungus in both the absence and the presence of rumen methanogens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981;42:1103–10.PubMed
38.
McKay LF, Holbrook WP, Eastwood MA. Methane and hydrogen production by human intestinal anaerobic bacteria. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B. 1982;90:257–60.PubMed
39.
Gibson GR, Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, et al. Alternative pathways for hydrogen disposal during fermentation in the human colon. Gut. 1990;31:679–83.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Kau AL, Ahern PP, Griffin NW, Goodman AL, Gordon JI. Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system. Nature. 2011;474:327–36.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Jones WJ, Nagle Jr DP, Whitman WB. Methanogens and the diversity of archaebacteria. Microbiol Rev. 1987;51:135–77.PubMed
42.
Pimentel M, Mayer AG, Park S, Chow EJ, Hasan A, Kong Y. Methane production during lactulose breath test is associated with gastrointestinal disease presentation. Dig Dis Sci. 2003;48:86–92.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Normalization of lactulose breath testing correlates with symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome. a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:412–9.PubMed
44.
Kim G, Deepinder F, Morales W, et al. Methanobrevibacter smithii is the predominant methanogen in patients with constipation-predominant IBS and methane on breath. Dig Dis Sci. 2012.
45.
• Mathur R, Kim G, Morales W, et al. Intestinal Methanobrevibacter smithii but Not Total Bacteria Is Related to Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;21:748–54. This study demonstrated that methane is linked to a higher BMI.
46.
Chatterjee S, Park S, Low K, Kong Y, Pimentel M. The degree of breath methane production in IBS correlates with the severity of constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:837–41.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Kunkel D, Basseri RJ, Makhani MD, Chong K, Chang C, Pimentel M. Methane on breath testing is associated with constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:1612–8.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Attaluri A, Jackson M, Valestin J, Rao SS. Methanogenic flora is associated with altered colonic transit but not stool characteristics in constipation without IBS. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1407–11.PubMedCrossRef
49.
• Pimentel M, Lin HC, Enayati P, et al. Methane, a gas produced by enteric bacteria, slows intestinal transit and augments small intestinal contractile activity. Am J Physiol. 2006;290:G1089–95. This study showed that methane itself slows gut transit.
50.
Pimentel M, Chatterjee S, Chow EJ, Park S, Kong Y. Neomycin improves constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in a fashion that is dependent on the presence of methane gas: subanalysis of a double-blind randomized controlled study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51:1297–301.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Pimentel M, Kong Y, Park S. IBS subjects with methane on lactulose breath test have lower postprandial serotonin levels than subjects with hydrogen. Dig Dis Sci. 2004;49:84–7.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, et al. Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2365–70.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Samuel BS, Gordon JI. A humanized gnotobiotic mouse model of host-archaeal-bacterial mutualism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:10011–6.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Samuel BS, Hansen EE, Manchester JK, et al. Genomic and metabolic adaptations of Methanobrevibacter smithii to the human gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:10643–8.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Schink B. Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997;61:262–80.PubMed
56.
McNeil NI. The contribution of the large intestine to energy supplies in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;39:338–42.PubMed
57.
Basseri RJ, Basseri B, Pimentel M, et al. Intestinal methane production in obese individuals is associated with a higher body mass index. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;8:22–8.
58.
Mathur R, Amichai M, Chua KS, Mirocha J, Barlow GM, Pimentel M. Methane and hydrogen positivity on breath test is associated with greater body mass index and body fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E698–702.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Cesario V, Di Rienzo TA, Pitocco D, et al. Diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders: the effect of intestinal methane production on glycemic control gastroenterology. 2013;144:S-564.
60.
Kim G, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Chang C, Pyleris E, Pistiki K, Pimentel M. Quantitation of bacteria in duodenal aspirates by qPCR appears to identify viable organisms in IBS gastroenterology. 2013;144:S-908.
61.
Armougom F, Henry M, Vialettes B, Raccah D, Raoult D. Monitoring bacterial community of human gut microbiota reveals an increase in Lactobacillus in obese patients and Methanogens in anorexic patients. PloS one. 2009;4:e7125.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Million M, Maraninchi M, Henry M, et al. Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Int J Obes. 2012;36:817–25.CrossRef
63.
Million M, Angelakis E, Maraninchi M, et al. Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli. Int J Obes (2005) 2013.
64.
Liou AP, Paziuk M, Luevano Jr JM, Machineni S, Turnbaugh PJ, Kaplan LM. Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5:178ra41.PubMed
65.
Patil DP, Dhotre DP, Chavan SG, et al. Molecular analysis of gut microbiota in obesity among Indian individuals. J Biosci. 2012;37:647–57.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Low K, Hwang L, Hua J, Zhu A, Morales W, Pimentel M. A combination of rifaximin and neomycin is most effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome patients with methane on lactulose breath test. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:547–50.PubMed
67.
Dridi B, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Raoult D, Drancourt M. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of cultured human methanogens reflects the unique phylogenetic position of archaea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:2038–44.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Marvin-Sikkema FD, Rees E, Kraak MN, Gottschal JC, Prins RA. Influence of metronidazole, CO, CO(2), and methanogens on the fermentative metabolism of the Anaerobic Fungus Neocallimastix sp. Strain L2. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993;59:2678–83.PubMed
69.
Medani M, Collins D, Docherty NG, Baird AW, O'Connell PR, Winter DC. Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide in colonic physiology and pathophysiology. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:1620–5.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Schemann M, Grundy D. Role of hydrogen sulfide in visceral nociception. Gut. 2009;58:744–7.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Wang R. Physiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a whiff exploration that blossomed. Physiol Rev. 2012;92:791–896.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Rey FE, Gonzalez MD, Cheng J, Wu M, Ahern PP, Gordon JI. Metabolic niche of a prominent sulfate-reducing human gut bacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:13582–7.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Szabo C. Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential. Nat Rev. 2007;6:917–35.CrossRef
74.
Yang G, Wu L, Jiang B, et al. H2S as a physiologic vasorelaxant: hypertension in mice with deletion of cystathionine gamma-lyase. Science. 2008;322:587–90.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Schicho R, Krueger D, Zeller F, et al. Hydrogen sulfide is a novel prosecretory neuromodulator in the Guinea-pig and human colon. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1542–52.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Gallego D, Clave P, Donovan J, et al. The gaseous mediator, hydrogen sulphide, inhibits in vitro motor patterns in the human, rat and mouse colon and jejunum. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20:1306–16.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Picton R, Eggo MC, Langman MJ, Singh S. Impaired detoxication of hydrogen sulfide in ulcerative colitis? Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:373–8.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Gas and the Microbiome
verfasst von
Mark Pimentel
Ruchi Mathur
Christopher Chang
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Gastroenterology Reports / Ausgabe 12/2013
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-013-0356-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2013

Current Gastroenterology Reports 12/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Liver (B Bacon, Section Editor)

Solid Liver Masses: Approach to Management from the Standpoint of a Radiologist

Invited Commentary

The American College of Gastroenterology’s New Guidelines on Achalasia: What Clinicians Need to Know

Liver (B Bacon, Section Editor)

Role of Endoscopy in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Neuromuscular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract (S Rao, Section Editor)

High Resolution and High Definition Anorectal Manometry and Pressure Topography: Diagnostic Advance or a New Kid on the Block?

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Reizdarmsyndrom: Diäten wirksamer als Medikamente

29.04.2024 Reizdarmsyndrom Nachrichten

Bei Reizdarmsyndrom scheinen Diäten, wie etwa die FODMAP-arme oder die kohlenhydratreduzierte Ernährung, effektiver als eine medikamentöse Therapie zu sein. Das hat eine Studie aus Schweden ergeben, die die drei Therapieoptionen im direkten Vergleich analysierte.

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise