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Clinical & Translational Metabolism

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01.12.2011 | Original Paper

Mechanisms of Stone Formation

verfasst von: Vishal N. Ratkalkar, Jack G. Kleinman

Erschienen in: Clinical & Translational Metabolism | Ausgabe 3-4/2011

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Abstract

We have reviewed the general mechanisms involved in kidney stone formation, with reference to those composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate, uric acid, and cystine. These processes include nucleation of individual crystals, aggregation or secondary nucleation to produce small intrarenal multicrystalline aggregates, fixation within the kidney, and further aggregation and secondary nucleation to produce the clinical stone. The factors regulating these processes have been discussed as well as the effects of tubular fluid or urine pH and promoters or inhibitors, including urate or uric acid in the case of calcium oxalate stones, citrate, pyrophosphate, phytate, and urinary proteins. We also discuss the potential for macromolecular inhibitors to actually promote stone formation when they are fixed to some intrarenal structure or if they themselves become aggregated into protein–protein complexes.

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Titel: Mechanisms of Stone Formation
verfasst von: Vishal N. Ratkalkar
Jack G. Kleinman
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2011
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Clinical & Translational Metabolism / Ausgabe 3-4/2011
Print ISSN: 1534-8644
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-2445
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12018-011-9104-8

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