Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Endocrine 2/2016

21.12.2015 | Mini Review

Emerging strategies for managing differentiated thyroid cancers refractory to radioiodine

verfasst von: Stefania Bulotta, Marilena Celano, Giuseppe Costante, Diego Russo

Erschienen in: Endocrine | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Efficient treatment of radio refractory thyroid cancer is still a major challenge. The recent identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations present in almost all differentiated tumors has revealed novel molecular targets, which can hopefully be exploited to create new treatments for these tumors. This review looks briefly at some of the innovative strategies currently being investigated for the treatment the radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancers.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Lamartina, C. Durante, S. Filetti, D.S. Cooper, Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer and radioiodine remnant ablation: a systematic review of the literature. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1748–1761 (2015)CrossRefPubMed L. Lamartina, C. Durante, S. Filetti, D.S. Cooper, Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer and radioiodine remnant ablation: a systematic review of the literature. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1748–1761 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat E.L. Mazzaferri, R.T. Kloos, Clinical review 128: current approaches to primary therapy for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 1447–1463 (2001)CrossRefPubMed E.L. Mazzaferri, R.T. Kloos, Clinical review 128: current approaches to primary therapy for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 1447–1463 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Durante, G. Costante, S. Filetti, Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: defining new paradigms for postoperative management. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 20, R141–R154 (2013)CrossRefPubMed C. Durante, G. Costante, S. Filetti, Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: defining new paradigms for postoperative management. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 20, R141–R154 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, D.S. Cooper, G.M. Doherty, B.R. Haugen, R.T. Kloos, S.L. Lee, S.J. Mandel, E.L. Mazzaferri, B. McIver, F. Pacini, M. Schlumberger, S.I. Sherman, D.L. Steward, R.M. Tuttle, Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 19, 1167–1214 (2009)CrossRef American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, D.S. Cooper, G.M. Doherty, B.R. Haugen, R.T. Kloos, S.L. Lee, S.J. Mandel, E.L. Mazzaferri, B. McIver, F. Pacini, M. Schlumberger, S.I. Sherman, D.L. Steward, R.M. Tuttle, Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 19, 1167–1214 (2009)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Durante, T. Montesano, M. Torlontano, M. Attard, F. Monzani, S. Tumino, G. Costante, D. Meringolo, R. Bruno, F. Trulli, M. Massa, A. Maniglia, R. D’Apollo, L. Giacomelli, G. Ronga, S. Filetti, PTC Study Group, Papillary thyroid cancer: time course of recurrences during postsurgery surveillance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 636–642 (2013)CrossRefPubMed C. Durante, T. Montesano, M. Torlontano, M. Attard, F. Monzani, S. Tumino, G. Costante, D. Meringolo, R. Bruno, F. Trulli, M. Massa, A. Maniglia, R. D’Apollo, L. Giacomelli, G. Ronga, S. Filetti, PTC Study Group, Papillary thyroid cancer: time course of recurrences during postsurgery surveillance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 636–642 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Dai, O. Levy, N. Carrasco, Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter. Nature 379, 458–460 (1996)CrossRefPubMed G. Dai, O. Levy, N. Carrasco, Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter. Nature 379, 458–460 (1996)CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Darrouzet, S. Lindenthal, D. Marcellin, J.L. Pellequer, T. Pourcher, The sodium/iodide symporter: State of the art of its molecular characterization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1838, 244–253 (2014)CrossRefPubMed E. Darrouzet, S. Lindenthal, D. Marcellin, J.L. Pellequer, T. Pourcher, The sodium/iodide symporter: State of the art of its molecular characterization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1838, 244–253 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
8.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Filetti, J.M. Bidart, F. Arturi, B. Caillou, D. Russo, M. Schlumberger, Sodium/iodide symporter: a key transport system in thyroid cancer cell metabolism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 141, 443–457 (1999)CrossRefPubMed S. Filetti, J.M. Bidart, F. Arturi, B. Caillou, D. Russo, M. Schlumberger, Sodium/iodide symporter: a key transport system in thyroid cancer cell metabolism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 141, 443–457 (1999)CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Lazar, J.M. Bidart, B. Caillou, C. Mahé, L. Lacroix, S. Filetti, M. Schlumberger, Expression of the Na+/I- symporter gene in human thyroid tumors: a comparison study with other thyroid-specific genes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 3228–3234 (1999)PubMed V. Lazar, J.M. Bidart, B. Caillou, C. Mahé, L. Lacroix, S. Filetti, M. Schlumberger, Expression of the Na+/I- symporter gene in human thyroid tumors: a comparison study with other thyroid-specific genes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 3228–3234 (1999)PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Arturi, D. Russo, M. Schlumberger, J.A. du Villard, B. Caillou, P. Vigneri, R. Wicker, E. Chiefari, H.G. Suarez, S. Filetti, Iodide symporter gene expression in human thyroid tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 2493–2496 (1998)PubMed F. Arturi, D. Russo, M. Schlumberger, J.A. du Villard, B. Caillou, P. Vigneri, R. Wicker, E. Chiefari, H.G. Suarez, S. Filetti, Iodide symporter gene expression in human thyroid tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 2493–2496 (1998)PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Arturi, D. Russo, D. Giuffrida, M. Schlumberger, S. Filetti, Sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in lymph-node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143, 623–627 (2000)CrossRefPubMed F. Arturi, D. Russo, D. Giuffrida, M. Schlumberger, S. Filetti, Sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in lymph-node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143, 623–627 (2000)CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Arturi, D. Russo, J.M. Bidart, D. Scarpelli, M. Schlumberger, S. Filetti, Expression pattern of the pendrin and sodium/iodide symporter genes in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and human thyroid tumors. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 145, 129–135 (2001)CrossRefPubMed F. Arturi, D. Russo, J.M. Bidart, D. Scarpelli, M. Schlumberger, S. Filetti, Expression pattern of the pendrin and sodium/iodide symporter genes in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and human thyroid tumors. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 145, 129–135 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Saito, T. Endo, A. Kawaguchi, M. Ikeda, R. Katoh, A. Kawaoi, A. Muramatsu, T.J. Onaya, Increased expression of the sodium/iodide symporter in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Clin. Invest. 101, 1296–1300 (1998)CrossRef T. Saito, T. Endo, A. Kawaguchi, M. Ikeda, R. Katoh, A. Kawaoi, A. Muramatsu, T.J. Onaya, Increased expression of the sodium/iodide symporter in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Clin. Invest. 101, 1296–1300 (1998)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat O. Dohán, Z. Baloch, Z. Bánrévi, V. Livolsi, N. Carrasco, Rapid communication: predominant intracellular overexpression of the Na(+)/I(−) symporter (NIS) in a large sampling of thyroid cancer cases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 2697–2700 (2001)PubMed O. Dohán, Z. Baloch, Z. Bánrévi, V. Livolsi, N. Carrasco, Rapid communication: predominant intracellular overexpression of the Na(+)/I(−) symporter (NIS) in a large sampling of thyroid cancer cases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 2697–2700 (2001)PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat I.L. Wapnir, M. van de Rijn, K. Nowels, P.S. Amenta, K. Walton, K. Montgomery, R.S. Greco, O. Dohán, N. Carrasco, Immunohistochemical profile of the sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid, breast, and other carcinomas using high density tissue microarrays and conventional sections. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 8, 1880–1888 (2003)CrossRef I.L. Wapnir, M. van de Rijn, K. Nowels, P.S. Amenta, K. Walton, K. Montgomery, R.S. Greco, O. Dohán, N. Carrasco, Immunohistochemical profile of the sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid, breast, and other carcinomas using high density tissue microarrays and conventional sections. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 8, 1880–1888 (2003)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat V.E. Smith, M.L. Read, A.S. Turnell, R.J. Watkins, J.C. Watkinson, G.D. Lewy, J.C. Fong, S.R. James, M.C. Eggo, K. Boelaert, J.A. Franklyn, C.J. McCabe, A novel mechanism of sodium iodide symporter repression in differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Cell Sci. 122, 3393–3402 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral V.E. Smith, M.L. Read, A.S. Turnell, R.J. Watkins, J.C. Watkinson, G.D. Lewy, J.C. Fong, S.R. James, M.C. Eggo, K. Boelaert, J.A. Franklyn, C.J. McCabe, A novel mechanism of sodium iodide symporter repression in differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Cell Sci. 122, 3393–3402 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Durante, E. Puxeddu, E. Ferretti, R. Morisi, S. Moretti, R. Bruno, F. Barbi, N. Avenia, A. Scipioni, A. Verrienti, E. Tosi, A. Cavaliere, A. Gulino, S. Filetti, D. Russo, BRAF mutations in papillary thyroid carcinomas inhibit genes involved in iodine metabolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 2840–2843 (2007)CrossRefPubMed C. Durante, E. Puxeddu, E. Ferretti, R. Morisi, S. Moretti, R. Bruno, F. Barbi, N. Avenia, A. Scipioni, A. Verrienti, E. Tosi, A. Cavaliere, A. Gulino, S. Filetti, D. Russo, BRAF mutations in papillary thyroid carcinomas inhibit genes involved in iodine metabolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 2840–2843 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat J.A. Fagin, Challenging dogma in thyroid cancer molecular genetics-role of RET/PTC and BRAF in tumor initiation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 4264–4266 (2004)CrossRefPubMed J.A. Fagin, Challenging dogma in thyroid cancer molecular genetics-role of RET/PTC and BRAF in tumor initiation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 4264–4266 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Riesco-Eizaguirre, P. Gutiérrez-Martínez, M.A. García-Cabezas, M. Nistal, P. Santisteban, The oncogene BRAF V600E is associated with a high risk of recurrence and less differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the impairment of Na+/I- targeting to the membrane. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13, 257–269 (2006)CrossRefPubMed G. Riesco-Eizaguirre, P. Gutiérrez-Martínez, M.A. García-Cabezas, M. Nistal, P. Santisteban, The oncogene BRAF V600E is associated with a high risk of recurrence and less differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the impairment of Na+/I- targeting to the membrane. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13, 257–269 (2006)CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Fröhlich, R. Wahl, The current role of targeted therapies to induce radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer. Cancer Treat. Rev. 40, 665–674 (2014)CrossRefPubMed E. Fröhlich, R. Wahl, The current role of targeted therapies to induce radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer. Cancer Treat. Rev. 40, 665–674 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Luster, T. Weber, F.A. Verburg, Differentiated thyroid cancer-personalized therapies to prevent overtreatment. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10, 563–574 (2014)CrossRefPubMed M. Luster, T. Weber, F.A. Verburg, Differentiated thyroid cancer-personalized therapies to prevent overtreatment. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10, 563–574 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Durante, N. Haddy, E. Baudin, S. Leboulleux, D. Hartl, J.P. Travagli, B. Caillou, M. Ricard, J.D. Lumbroso, F. De Vathaire, M. Schlumberger, Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 2892–2899 (2006)CrossRefPubMed C. Durante, N. Haddy, E. Baudin, S. Leboulleux, D. Hartl, J.P. Travagli, B. Caillou, M. Ricard, J.D. Lumbroso, F. De Vathaire, M. Schlumberger, Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 2892–2899 (2006)CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid cancer. Cell 159, 676–690 (2014)CrossRef Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid cancer. Cell 159, 676–690 (2014)CrossRef
26.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Xing, B.R. Haugen, M. Schlumberger, Progress in molecular-769 based management of 770 differentiated thyroid cancer. Lancet 381, 1058–1069 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral M. Xing, B.R. Haugen, M. Schlumberger, Progress in molecular-769 based management of 770 differentiated thyroid cancer. Lancet 381, 1058–1069 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Spitzweg, K.C. Bible, L.C. Hofbauer, J.C. Morris, Advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: the sodium iodide symporter and other emerging therapeutic targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2, 830–842 (2014)CrossRefPubMed C. Spitzweg, K.C. Bible, L.C. Hofbauer, J.C. Morris, Advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: the sodium iodide symporter and other emerging therapeutic targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2, 830–842 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Russo, G. Damante, E. Puxeddu, C. Durante, S. Filetti, Epigenetics of thyroid cancer and novel therapeutic targets. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 46, R73–R81 (2011)CrossRefPubMed D. Russo, G. Damante, E. Puxeddu, C. Durante, S. Filetti, Epigenetics of thyroid cancer and novel therapeutic targets. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 46, R73–R81 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat M.D. Castellone, F. Carlomagno, G. Salvatore, M. Santoro, Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer. Best Pract. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 22, 1023–1038 (2008)CrossRef M.D. Castellone, F. Carlomagno, G. Salvatore, M. Santoro, Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer. Best Pract. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 22, 1023–1038 (2008)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Saiselet, S. Floor, M. Tarabichi, G. Dom, A. Hébrant, W.C. van Staveren, C. Maenhaut, Thyroid cancer cell lines: an overview. Front. Endocrinol. 3, 133 (2012)CrossRef M. Saiselet, S. Floor, M. Tarabichi, G. Dom, A. Hébrant, W.C. van Staveren, C. Maenhaut, Thyroid cancer cell lines: an overview. Front. Endocrinol. 3, 133 (2012)CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat M.J. Schlumberger, R. Elisei, L. Bastholt, L.J. Wirth, R.G. Martins, L.D. Locati, B. Jarzab, F. Pacini, C. Daumerie, J.P. Droz, M.J. Eschenberg, Y.N. Sun, T. Juan, D.E. Stepan, S.I. Sherman, Phase II study of safety and efficacy of motesanib in patients with progressive or symptomatic, advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 3794–3801 (2009)CrossRefPubMed M.J. Schlumberger, R. Elisei, L. Bastholt, L.J. Wirth, R.G. Martins, L.D. Locati, B. Jarzab, F. Pacini, C. Daumerie, J.P. Droz, M.J. Eschenberg, Y.N. Sun, T. Juan, D.E. Stepan, S.I. Sherman, Phase II study of safety and efficacy of motesanib in patients with progressive or symptomatic, advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 3794–3801 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Gupta-Abramson, A.B. Troxel, A. Nellore, K. Puttaswamy, M. Redlinger, K. Ransone, S.J. Mandel, K.T. Flaherty, L.A. Loevner, P.J. O’Dwyer, M.S. Brose, Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 4714–4719 (2008)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral V. Gupta-Abramson, A.B. Troxel, A. Nellore, K. Puttaswamy, M. Redlinger, K. Ransone, S.J. Mandel, K.T. Flaherty, L.A. Loevner, P.J. O’Dwyer, M.S. Brose, Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 4714–4719 (2008)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat R.T. Kloos, M.D. Ringel, M.V. Knopp, N.C. Hall, M. King, R. Stevens, J. Liang, P.E. Wakely Jr, V.V. Vasko, M. Saji, J. Rittenberry, L. Wei, D. Arbogast, M. Collamore, J.J. Wright, M. Grever, M.H. Shah, Phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 1675–1684 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral R.T. Kloos, M.D. Ringel, M.V. Knopp, N.C. Hall, M. King, R. Stevens, J. Liang, P.E. Wakely Jr, V.V. Vasko, M. Saji, J. Rittenberry, L. Wei, D. Arbogast, M. Collamore, J.J. Wright, M. Grever, M.H. Shah, Phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 1675–1684 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Hoftijzer, K.A. Heemstra, H. Morreau, M.P. Stokkel, E.P. Corssmit, H. Gelderblom, K. Weijers, A.M. Pereira, M. Huijberts, E. Kapiteijn, J.A. Romijn, J.W. Smit, Beneficial effects of sorafenib on tumor progression, but not on radioiodine uptake, in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161, 923–931 (2009)CrossRefPubMed H. Hoftijzer, K.A. Heemstra, H. Morreau, M.P. Stokkel, E.P. Corssmit, H. Gelderblom, K. Weijers, A.M. Pereira, M. Huijberts, E. Kapiteijn, J.A. Romijn, J.W. Smit, Beneficial effects of sorafenib on tumor progression, but not on radioiodine uptake, in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161, 923–931 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Ahmed, Y. Barbachano, A. Riddel, J. Hickey, K.L. Newbold, A. Viros, K.J. Harrington, R. Marais, C.M. Nutting, Analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a phase II study in a UK based population. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165, 315–322 (2011)CrossRefPubMed M. Ahmed, Y. Barbachano, A. Riddel, J. Hickey, K.L. Newbold, A. Viros, K.J. Harrington, R. Marais, C.M. Nutting, Analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a phase II study in a UK based population. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165, 315–322 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat S.M. Ferrari, U. Politti, R. Spisni, G. Materazzi, E. Baldini, S. Ulisse, P. Miccoli, A. Antonelli, P. Fallahi, Sorafenib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 15, 863–874 (2015)CrossRefPubMed S.M. Ferrari, U. Politti, R. Spisni, G. Materazzi, E. Baldini, S. Ulisse, P. Miccoli, A. Antonelli, P. Fallahi, Sorafenib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 15, 863–874 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Brose, C.M. Nutting, B. Jarzab, R. Elisei, S. Siena, L. Bastholt, C. de la Fouchardiere, F. Pacini, R. Paschke, Y.K. Shong, S.I. Sherman, J.W. Smit, J. Chung, C. Kappeler, C. Peña, I. Molnár, M.J. Schlumberger, DECISION investigators, Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384, 319–328 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral M.S. Brose, C.M. Nutting, B. Jarzab, R. Elisei, S. Siena, L. Bastholt, C. de la Fouchardiere, F. Pacini, R. Paschke, Y.K. Shong, S.I. Sherman, J.W. Smit, J. Chung, C. Kappeler, C. Peña, I. Molnár, M.J. Schlumberger, DECISION investigators, Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384, 319–328 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Schlumberger, M. Tahara, L.J. Wirth, B. Robinson, M.S. Brose, R. Elisei, M.A. Habra, K. Newbold, M.H. Shah, A.O. Hoff, A.G. Gianoukakis, N. Kiyota, M.H. Taylor, S.B. Kim, M.K. Krzyzanowska, C.E. Dutcus, B. de las Heras, J. Zhu, S.I. Sherman, Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 621–630 (2015)CrossRefPubMed M. Schlumberger, M. Tahara, L.J. Wirth, B. Robinson, M.S. Brose, R. Elisei, M.A. Habra, K. Newbold, M.H. Shah, A.O. Hoff, A.G. Gianoukakis, N. Kiyota, M.H. Taylor, S.B. Kim, M.K. Krzyzanowska, C.E. Dutcus, B. de las Heras, J. Zhu, S.I. Sherman, Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 621–630 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Leboulleux, L. Bastholt, T. Krause, C. de la Fouchardiere, J. Tennvall, A. Awada, J.M. Gómez, F. Bonichon, L. Leenhardt, C. Soufflet, M. Licour, M.J. Schlumberger, Vandetanib in locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 13, 897–905 (2012)CrossRefPubMed S. Leboulleux, L. Bastholt, T. Krause, C. de la Fouchardiere, J. Tennvall, A. Awada, J.M. Gómez, F. Bonichon, L. Leenhardt, C. Soufflet, M. Licour, M.J. Schlumberger, Vandetanib in locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 13, 897–905 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Fallahi, F. Di Bari, S.M. Ferrari, R. Spisni, G. Materazzi, P. Miccoli, S. Benvenga, A. Antonelli, Selective use of vandetanib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 9, 3459–3470 (2015)PubMedPubMedCentral P. Fallahi, F. Di Bari, S.M. Ferrari, R. Spisni, G. Materazzi, P. Miccoli, S. Benvenga, A. Antonelli, Selective use of vandetanib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 9, 3459–3470 (2015)PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat D.G. Hardie, J.W. Scott, D.A. Pan, E.R. Hudson, Management of cellular energy by the AMP-activated protein kinase system. FEBS Lett. 546, 113–120 (2003)CrossRefPubMed D.G. Hardie, J.W. Scott, D.A. Pan, E.R. Hudson, Management of cellular energy by the AMP-activated protein kinase system. FEBS Lett. 546, 113–120 (2003)CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, S. Xu, K. Renko, M. Derwahl, Metformin inhibits growth of thyroid carcinoma cells, suppresses self-renewal of derived cancer stem cells, and potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E510–E520 (2012)CrossRefPubMed G. Chen, S. Xu, K. Renko, M. Derwahl, Metformin inhibits growth of thyroid carcinoma cells, suppresses self-renewal of derived cancer stem cells, and potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E510–E520 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat H.J. Choi, T.Y. Kim, N. Chung, J.H. Yim, W.G. Kim, J.A. Kim, W.B. Kim, Y.K. Shong, The influence of the BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid cancer cell lines on the anticancer effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside. J. Endocrinol. 211, 79–85 (2011)CrossRefPubMed H.J. Choi, T.Y. Kim, N. Chung, J.H. Yim, W.G. Kim, J.A. Kim, W.B. Kim, Y.K. Shong, The influence of the BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid cancer cell lines on the anticancer effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside. J. Endocrinol. 211, 79–85 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat R.L. Plews, A. Mohd Yusof, C. Wang, M. Saji, X. Zhang, C.S. Chen, M.D. Ringel, J.E. Phay, A novel dual AMPK activator/mTOR inhibitor inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 100, E748–E756 (2015)CrossRefPubMed R.L. Plews, A. Mohd Yusof, C. Wang, M. Saji, X. Zhang, C.S. Chen, M.D. Ringel, J.E. Phay, A novel dual AMPK activator/mTOR inhibitor inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 100, E748–E756 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kogai, T. Endo, T. Saito, A. Miyazaki, A. Kawaguchi, T. Onaya, Regulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone of sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and protein levels in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology 138, 2227–2232 (1997)CrossRefPubMed T. Kogai, T. Endo, T. Saito, A. Miyazaki, A. Kawaguchi, T. Onaya, Regulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone of sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and protein levels in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology 138, 2227–2232 (1997)CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Trapasso, R. Iuliano, E. Chiefari, F. Arturi, A. Stella, S. Filetti, A. Fusco, D. Russo, Iodide symporter gene expression in normal and transformed rat thyroid cells. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 140, 447–451 (1999)CrossRefPubMed F. Trapasso, R. Iuliano, E. Chiefari, F. Arturi, A. Stella, S. Filetti, A. Fusco, D. Russo, Iodide symporter gene expression in normal and transformed rat thyroid cells. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 140, 447–451 (1999)CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kogai, J.M. Hershman, K. Motomura, T. Endo, T. Onaya, G.A. Brent, Differential regulation of the human sodium/iodide symporter gene promoter in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines and normal thyroid cells. Endocrinology 142, 3369–3379 (2001)CrossRefPubMed T. Kogai, J.M. Hershman, K. Motomura, T. Endo, T. Onaya, G.A. Brent, Differential regulation of the human sodium/iodide symporter gene promoter in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines and normal thyroid cells. Endocrinology 142, 3369–3379 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Liu, S. Hu, P. Hou, D. Jiang, S. Condouris, M. Xing, Suppression of BRAF/MEK/MAP kinase pathway restores expression of iodide-metabolizing genes in thyroid cells expressing the V600E BRAF mutant. Clin. Cancer Res. 13, 1341–1349 (2007)CrossRefPubMed D. Liu, S. Hu, P. Hou, D. Jiang, S. Condouris, M. Xing, Suppression of BRAF/MEK/MAP kinase pathway restores expression of iodide-metabolizing genes in thyroid cells expressing the V600E BRAF mutant. Clin. Cancer Res. 13, 1341–1349 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kogai, S. Sajid-Crockett, L.S. Newmarch, Y.Y. Liu, G.A. Brent, Phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibition induces sodium/iodide symporter expression in rat thyroid cells and human papillary thyroid cancer cells. J. Endocrinol. 199, 243–252 (2008)CrossRefPubMed T. Kogai, S. Sajid-Crockett, L.S. Newmarch, Y.Y. Liu, G.A. Brent, Phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibition induces sodium/iodide symporter expression in rat thyroid cells and human papillary thyroid cancer cells. J. Endocrinol. 199, 243–252 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Chakravarty, E. Santos, M. Ryder, J.A. Knauf, X.H. Liao, B.L. West, G. Bollag, R. Kolesnick, T.H. Thin, N. Rosen, P. Zanzonico, S.M. Larson, S. Refetoff, R. Ghossein, J.A. Fagin, Small-molecule MAPK inhibitors restore radioiodine incorporation in mouse thyroid cancers with conditional BRAF activation. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 4700–4711 (2011)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral D. Chakravarty, E. Santos, M. Ryder, J.A. Knauf, X.H. Liao, B.L. West, G. Bollag, R. Kolesnick, T.H. Thin, N. Rosen, P. Zanzonico, S.M. Larson, S. Refetoff, R. Ghossein, J.A. Fagin, Small-molecule MAPK inhibitors restore radioiodine incorporation in mouse thyroid cancers with conditional BRAF activation. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 4700–4711 (2011)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kogai, G.A. Brent, The sodium iodide symporter (NIS): regulation and approaches to targeting for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol. Ther. 135, 355–370 (2012)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral T. Kogai, G.A. Brent, The sodium iodide symporter (NIS): regulation and approaches to targeting for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol. Ther. 135, 355–370 (2012)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Tuncel, D. Aydin, E. Yaman, U.H. Tazebay, D. Güç, A.L. Doğan, B. Taşbasan, O. Uğur, The comparative effects of gene modulators on thyroid-specific genes and radioiodine uptake. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 22, 443–449 (2007)CrossRefPubMed M. Tuncel, D. Aydin, E. Yaman, U.H. Tazebay, D. Güç, A.L. Doğan, B. Taşbasan, O. Uğur, The comparative effects of gene modulators on thyroid-specific genes and radioiodine uptake. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 22, 443–449 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Hou, E. Bojdani, M. Xing, Induction of thyroid gene expression and radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer cells by targeting major signaling pathways. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 820–828 (2010)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral P. Hou, E. Bojdani, M. Xing, Induction of thyroid gene expression and radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer cells by targeting major signaling pathways. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 820–828 (2010)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Puppin, N. Passon, J.M. Hershman, S. Filetti, S. Bulotta, M. Celano, D. Russo, G. Damante, Cooperative effects of SAHA and VPA on NIS gene expression and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 48, 217–227 (2012)CrossRef C. Puppin, N. Passon, J.M. Hershman, S. Filetti, S. Bulotta, M. Celano, D. Russo, G. Damante, Cooperative effects of SAHA and VPA on NIS gene expression and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 48, 217–227 (2012)CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Schmutzler, R. Winzer, J. Meissner-Weigl, J. Köhrle, Retinoic acid increases sodium/iodide symporter mRNA levels in human thyroid cancer cell lines and suppresses expression of functional symporter in nontransformed FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240, 832–838 (1997)CrossRefPubMed C. Schmutzler, R. Winzer, J. Meissner-Weigl, J. Köhrle, Retinoic acid increases sodium/iodide symporter mRNA levels in human thyroid cancer cell lines and suppresses expression of functional symporter in nontransformed FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240, 832–838 (1997)CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Bolós, J. Grego-Bessa, J.L. de la Pompa, Notch signaling in development and cancer. Endocr. Rev. 28, 339–363 (2007)CrossRefPubMed V. Bolós, J. Grego-Bessa, J.L. de la Pompa, Notch signaling in development and cancer. Endocr. Rev. 28, 339–363 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Ferretti, E. Tosi, A. Po, A. Scipioni, R. Morisi, M.S. Espinola, D. Russo, C. Durante, M. Schlumberger, I. Screpanti, S. Filetti, A. Gulino, Notch signaling is involved in expression of thyrocyte differentiation markers and is down-regulated in thyroid tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 4080–4087 (2008)CrossRefPubMed E. Ferretti, E. Tosi, A. Po, A. Scipioni, R. Morisi, M.S. Espinola, D. Russo, C. Durante, M. Schlumberger, I. Screpanti, S. Filetti, A. Gulino, Notch signaling is involved in expression of thyrocyte differentiation markers and is down-regulated in thyroid tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 4080–4087 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat V.E. Smith, N. Sharma, R.J. Watkins, M.L. Read, G.A. Ryan, P.P. Kwan, A. Martin, J.C. Watkinson, K. Boelaert, J.A. Franklyn, C.J. McCabe, Manipulation of PBF/PTTG1IP phosphorylation status; a potential new therapeutic strategy for improving radioiodine uptake in thyroid and other tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 2876–2886 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral V.E. Smith, N. Sharma, R.J. Watkins, M.L. Read, G.A. Ryan, P.P. Kwan, A. Martin, J.C. Watkinson, K. Boelaert, J.A. Franklyn, C.J. McCabe, Manipulation of PBF/PTTG1IP phosphorylation status; a potential new therapeutic strategy for improving radioiodine uptake in thyroid and other tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 2876–2886 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Zurück zum Zitat G.A. Brent, T. Kogai, Cancer: novel target to enhance radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 9, 508–509 (2013)CrossRefPubMed G.A. Brent, T. Kogai, Cancer: novel target to enhance radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 9, 508–509 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Simon, C. Körber, M. Krausch, J. Segering, P. Groth, R. Görges, F. Grünwald, H.W. Müller-Gärtner, C. Schmutzler, J. Köhrle, H.D. Röher, C. Reiners, Clinical impact of retinoids in redifferentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer: final results of a pilot study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 29, 775–782 (2002)CrossRefPubMed D. Simon, C. Körber, M. Krausch, J. Segering, P. Groth, R. Görges, F. Grünwald, H.W. Müller-Gärtner, C. Schmutzler, J. Köhrle, H.D. Röher, C. Reiners, Clinical impact of retinoids in redifferentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer: final results of a pilot study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 29, 775–782 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat S.M. Coelho, R. Corbo, A. Buescu, D.P. Carvalho, M. Vaisman, Retinoic acid in patients with radioiodine non-responsive thyroid carcinoma. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 27, 334–339 (2004)CrossRefPubMed S.M. Coelho, R. Corbo, A. Buescu, D.P. Carvalho, M. Vaisman, Retinoic acid in patients with radioiodine non-responsive thyroid carcinoma. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 27, 334–339 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Handkiewicz-Junak, J. Roskosz, K. Hasse-Lazar, S. Szpak-Ulczok, Z. Puch, A. Kukulska, T. Olczyk, A. Piela, E. Paliczka-Cieslik, B. Jarzab, 13-cis-Retinoic acid re-differentiation therapy and recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine treatment of non-functional metastatic thyroid cancer: a single-center, 53-patient phase 2 study. Thyroid Res. 2, 8 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral D. Handkiewicz-Junak, J. Roskosz, K. Hasse-Lazar, S. Szpak-Ulczok, Z. Puch, A. Kukulska, T. Olczyk, A. Piela, E. Paliczka-Cieslik, B. Jarzab, 13-cis-Retinoic acid re-differentiation therapy and recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine treatment of non-functional metastatic thyroid cancer: a single-center, 53-patient phase 2 study. Thyroid Res. 2, 8 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Zurück zum Zitat U. Banerji, D.R. Camidge, H.M. Verheul, R. Agarwal, D. Sarker, S.B. Kaye, I.M. Desar, J.N. Timmer-Bonte, S.G. Eckhardt, K.D. Lewis, K.H. Brown, M.V. Cantarini, C. Morris, S.M. George, P.D. Smith, C.M. van Herpen, The first-in-human study of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-sulfate) capsule of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): a phase I open-label multicenter trial in patients with advanced cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 1613–1623 (2010)CrossRefPubMed U. Banerji, D.R. Camidge, H.M. Verheul, R. Agarwal, D. Sarker, S.B. Kaye, I.M. Desar, J.N. Timmer-Bonte, S.G. Eckhardt, K.D. Lewis, K.H. Brown, M.V. Cantarini, C. Morris, S.M. George, P.D. Smith, C.M. van Herpen, The first-in-human study of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-sulfate) capsule of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): a phase I open-label multicenter trial in patients with advanced cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 1613–1623 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat A.L. Ho, R.K. Grewal, R. Leboeuf, E.J. Sherman, D.G. Pfister, D. Deandreis, K.S. Pentlow, P.B. Zanzonico, S. Haque, S. Gavane, R.A. Ghossein, J.C. Ricarte-Filho, J.M. Domínguez, R. Shen, R.M. Tuttle, S.M. Larson, J.A. Fagin, Selumetinib-enhanced radioiodine uptake in advanced thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 623–632 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral A.L. Ho, R.K. Grewal, R. Leboeuf, E.J. Sherman, D.G. Pfister, D. Deandreis, K.S. Pentlow, P.B. Zanzonico, S. Haque, S. Gavane, R.A. Ghossein, J.C. Ricarte-Filho, J.M. Domínguez, R. Shen, R.M. Tuttle, S.M. Larson, J.A. Fagin, Selumetinib-enhanced radioiodine uptake in advanced thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 623–632 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Russo, C. Durante, S. Bulotta, C. Puppin, E. Puxeddu, S. Filetti, G. Damante, Targeting histone deacetylase in thyroid cancer. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 17, 179–193 (2013)CrossRefPubMed D. Russo, C. Durante, S. Bulotta, C. Puppin, E. Puxeddu, S. Filetti, G. Damante, Targeting histone deacetylase in thyroid cancer. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 17, 179–193 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat C.J. O’Neill, J. Oucharek, D. Learoyd, S.B. Sidhu, Standard and emerging therapies for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Oncologist 15, 146–156 (2010)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral C.J. O’Neill, J. Oucharek, D. Learoyd, S.B. Sidhu, Standard and emerging therapies for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Oncologist 15, 146–156 (2010)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat P.J. Harris, K.C. Bible, Emerging therapeutics for advanced thyroid malignancies: rationale and targeted approaches. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 20, 1357–1375 (2011)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral P.J. Harris, K.C. Bible, Emerging therapeutics for advanced thyroid malignancies: rationale and targeted approaches. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 20, 1357–1375 (2011)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Alonso-Gordoa, J.J. Díez, M. Durán, E. Grande, Advances in thyroid cancer treatment: latest evidence and clinical potential. Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 7, 22–38 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral T. Alonso-Gordoa, J.J. Díez, M. Durán, E. Grande, Advances in thyroid cancer treatment: latest evidence and clinical potential. Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 7, 22–38 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Sponziello, A. Verrienti, F. Rosignolo, R.F. De Rose, V. Pecce, V. Maggisano, C. Durante, S. Bulotta, G. Damante, L. Giacomelli, C.R.T. Di Gioia, S. Filetti, D. Russo, M. Celano, PDE5 expression in human thyroid tumors and effects of PDE5 inhibitors on growth and migration of cancer cells. Endocrine 50, 434–441 (2015)CrossRefPubMed M. Sponziello, A. Verrienti, F. Rosignolo, R.F. De Rose, V. Pecce, V. Maggisano, C. Durante, S. Bulotta, G. Damante, L. Giacomelli, C.R.T. Di Gioia, S. Filetti, D. Russo, M. Celano, PDE5 expression in human thyroid tumors and effects of PDE5 inhibitors on growth and migration of cancer cells. Endocrine 50, 434–441 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Guan, W. Liang, Z. Xie, H. Li, J. Liu, L. Liu, L. Xiu, Y. Li, Down-regulation of miR-144 promotes thyroid cancer cell invasion by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2. Endocrine 48, 566–574 (2015)CrossRefPubMed H. Guan, W. Liang, Z. Xie, H. Li, J. Liu, L. Liu, L. Xiu, Y. Li, Down-regulation of miR-144 promotes thyroid cancer cell invasion by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2. Endocrine 48, 566–574 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Li, B. Lv, B. Chen, M. Guan, Y. Sun, H. Li, B. Zhang, C. Ding, S. He, Q. Zeng, Inhibition of miR-146b expression increases radioiodine-sensitivity in poorly differential thyroid carcinoma via positively regulating NIS expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 462, 314–321 (2015)CrossRefPubMed L. Li, B. Lv, B. Chen, M. Guan, Y. Sun, H. Li, B. Zhang, C. Ding, S. He, Q. Zeng, Inhibition of miR-146b expression increases radioiodine-sensitivity in poorly differential thyroid carcinoma via positively regulating NIS expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 462, 314–321 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Celano, M.G. Calvagno, S. Bulotta, D. Paolino, F. Arturi, D. Rotiroti, S. Filetti, M. Fresta, D. Russo, Cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine-loaded liposomes in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 4, 63 (2004)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral M. Celano, M.G. Calvagno, S. Bulotta, D. Paolino, F. Arturi, D. Rotiroti, S. Filetti, M. Fresta, D. Russo, Cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine-loaded liposomes in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 4, 63 (2004)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Celia, M.G. Calvagno, D. Paolino, S. Bulotta, C.A. Ventura, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Improved In vitro anti-tumoral activity, intracellular uptake and apoptotic induction of gemcitabine-loaded pegylated unilamellar liposomes. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 2102–2113 (2008)CrossRefPubMed C. Celia, M.G. Calvagno, D. Paolino, S. Bulotta, C.A. Ventura, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Improved In vitro anti-tumoral activity, intracellular uptake and apoptotic induction of gemcitabine-loaded pegylated unilamellar liposomes. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 2102–2113 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Celano, S. Schenone, D. Cosco, M. Navarra, E. Puxeddu, L. Racanicchi, C. Brullo, E. Varano, S. Alcaro, E. Ferretti, G. Botta, S. Filetti, M. Fresta, M. Botta, D. Russo, Cytotoxic effects of a novel pyrazolopyrimidine derivative entrapped in liposomes in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo. Endocr. Rel. Cancer 15, 499–510 (2008)CrossRef M. Celano, S. Schenone, D. Cosco, M. Navarra, E. Puxeddu, L. Racanicchi, C. Brullo, E. Varano, S. Alcaro, E. Ferretti, G. Botta, S. Filetti, M. Fresta, M. Botta, D. Russo, Cytotoxic effects of a novel pyrazolopyrimidine derivative entrapped in liposomes in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo. Endocr. Rel. Cancer 15, 499–510 (2008)CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Paolino, D. Cosco, L. Racanicchi, E. Trapasso, C. Celia, M. Iannone, E. Puxeddu, G. Costante, S. Filetti, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Gemcitabine-loaded PEGylated unilamellar liposomes vs GEMZAR®: biodistribution, pharmacokinetic features and in vivo antitumor activity. J. Control. Rel. 144, 144–150 (2010)CrossRef D. Paolino, D. Cosco, L. Racanicchi, E. Trapasso, C. Celia, M. Iannone, E. Puxeddu, G. Costante, S. Filetti, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Gemcitabine-loaded PEGylated unilamellar liposomes vs GEMZAR®: biodistribution, pharmacokinetic features and in vivo antitumor activity. J. Control. Rel. 144, 144–150 (2010)CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Paolino, D. Cosco, M. Celano, S. Moretti, E. Puxeddu, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Gemcitabine-loaded biocompatible nanocapsules for the effective treatment of human cancer. Nanomedicine 8, 193–201 (2013)CrossRefPubMed D. Paolino, D. Cosco, M. Celano, S. Moretti, E. Puxeddu, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Gemcitabine-loaded biocompatible nanocapsules for the effective treatment of human cancer. Nanomedicine 8, 193–201 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Paolino, D., Cosco, D., Russo, D., Fresta, M.: Thyrodosomes® “TSH-conjugated nanocarrier for the treatment of thyroid cancer”. Patent No WO2012/073125, 2012 Paolino, D., Cosco, D., Russo, D., Fresta, M.: Thyrodosomes® “TSH-conjugated nanocarrier for the treatment of thyroid cancer”. Patent No WO2012/073125, 2012
81.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Paolino, D. Cosco, M. Gaspari, M. Celano, J. Wolfram, P. Voce, E. Puxeddu, S. Filetti, C. Celia, M. Ferrari, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Targeting the thyroid gland with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-nanoliposomes. Biomaterials 35, 7101–7109 (2014)CrossRefPubMed D. Paolino, D. Cosco, M. Gaspari, M. Celano, J. Wolfram, P. Voce, E. Puxeddu, S. Filetti, C. Celia, M. Ferrari, D. Russo, M. Fresta, Targeting the thyroid gland with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-nanoliposomes. Biomaterials 35, 7101–7109 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Aiello, G. Pandini, F. Frasca, E. Conte, A. Murabito, A. Sacco, M. Genua, R. Vigneri, A. Belfiore, Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce partial reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Endocrinology 147, 4463–4475 (2006)CrossRefPubMed A. Aiello, G. Pandini, F. Frasca, E. Conte, A. Murabito, A. Sacco, M. Genua, R. Vigneri, A. Belfiore, Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce partial reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Endocrinology 147, 4463–4475 (2006)CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat M. D’Agostino, M. Sponziello, C. Puppin, M. Celano, V. Maggisano, F. Baldan, M. Biffoni, S. Bulotta, C. Durante, S. Filetti, G. Damante, D. Russo, Different expression of TSH receptor and NIS genes in thyroid cancer: role of epigenetics. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 52, 121–131 (2014)CrossRefPubMed M. D’Agostino, M. Sponziello, C. Puppin, M. Celano, V. Maggisano, F. Baldan, M. Biffoni, S. Bulotta, C. Durante, S. Filetti, G. Damante, D. Russo, Different expression of TSH receptor and NIS genes in thyroid cancer: role of epigenetics. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 52, 121–131 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat E.N. Klein Hesselink, D. Steenvoorden, E. Kapiteijn, E.P. Corssmit, A.N. van der Horst-Schrivers, J.D. Lefrandt, T.P. Links, O.M. Dekkers, Therapy of endocrine disease: response and toxicity of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 172, R215–R225 (2015)CrossRefPubMed E.N. Klein Hesselink, D. Steenvoorden, E. Kapiteijn, E.P. Corssmit, A.N. van der Horst-Schrivers, J.D. Lefrandt, T.P. Links, O.M. Dekkers, Therapy of endocrine disease: response and toxicity of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 172, R215–R225 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Emerging strategies for managing differentiated thyroid cancers refractory to radioiodine
verfasst von
Stefania Bulotta
Marilena Celano
Giuseppe Costante
Diego Russo
Publikationsdatum
21.12.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Endocrine / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0830-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

Endocrine 2/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.