Introduction
Methods
T2DM Samples
Assessment of Treatment Persistence
Assessment of Treatment Adherence
Assessment of Variables Predicting NP to Therapy with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Assessment of NP-Related Outcomes
Statistical Analysis
Compliance with Ethics Guidelines
Results
T2DM Samples
Characteristics (baseline period 2010) | UK: CPRD | GER: AOK PLUS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(Main sample for persistence analysis) | (Main sample for adherence analysis) | (Main sample for persistence analysis) | (Main sample for adherence analysis) | |
T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and having continued this therapy (no gap >90 days) at least until a second prescription | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and having continued this therapy (no gap >90 days) at least until a second prescription | |
N
| 1905 | 1744 | 1627 | 1349 |
Mean age in years (SD) | 55.5 (10.6) | 55.2 (10.4) | 56.6 (10.9) | 56.2 (10.6) |
Female gender (%) | 900 (47.2%) | 830 (47.6%) | 837 (51.4%) | 677 (50.2%) |
Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index: CCI (SD) | 2.9 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.5) | 4.2 (2.3) | 4.0 (2.2) |
Retinopathy (%) | 483 (25.4%) | 432 (24.8%) | 349 (21.5%) | 290 (21.5%) |
Nephropathy (%) | 64 (3.4%) | 52 (3.0%) | 234 (14.4%) | 178 (13.2%) |
Neuropathic comorbidities (%) | 283 (14.9%) | 256 (14.7%) | 317 (19.5%) | 255 (18.9%) |
Cerebrovascular comorbidities (%) | 61 (3.2%) | 50 (2.9%) | 44 (2.7%) | 37 (2.7%) |
Cardiovascular comorbidities (%) | 358 (18.8%) | 316 (18.1%) | 545 (33.5%) | 440 (32.6%) |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 153 (8.0%) | 133 (7.6%) | 199 (12.2%) | 165 (12.2%) |
Metabolic comorbidities (%) | 10 (0.5%) | 8 (0.5%) | 24 (1.5%) | 17 (1.3%) |
Assessment of Treatment Persistence
Persistence (period: first 12 months after treatment initiation) | UK: CPRD | GER: AOK PLUS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a OD therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to BID/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a BID therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to OD/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a OD therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to BID/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a BID therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to OD/once-weekly) | |
N
| 1905 | 1083 | 545 | 1627 | 1180 | 295 |
1. Treatment persistence based on a >90 days treatment gap NP definition | ||||||
Mean time on therapy (SD) | 298.2 (111.3) | 303.6 (107.2) | 283.0 (121.1) | 284.5 (114.3) | 285.9 (112.9) | 266.8 (120.7) |
Patients affected by NP after 3 months (%) | 219 (11.5%) | 112 (10.3%) | 83 (15.2%) | 194 (11.9%) | 141 (11.9%) | 38 (12.9%) |
Patients affected by NP after 6 months (%) | 352 (18.5%) | 179 (16.5%) | 128 (23.5%) | 378 (23.2%) | 272 (23.1%) | 84 (28.5%) |
Patients affected by NP after 12 months (%) | 562 (29.5%) | 294 (27.1%) | 196 (36.0%) | 593 (36.4%) | 426 (36.1%) | 131 (44.4%) |
2. Treatment persistence based on >180 days treatment gap NP definition | ||||||
Mean time on therapy (SD) | 308.0 (104.6) | 312.1 (100.9) | 292.8 (115.6) | 301.4 (104.4) | 301.9 (103.7) | 283.5 (113.0) |
Patients affected by NP after 3 months (%) | 185 (9.7%) | 96 (8.9%) | 71 (13.0%) | 141 (8.7%) | 102 (8.6%) | 30 (10.2%) |
Patients affected by NP after 6 months (%) | 292 (15.3%) | 149 (13.8%) | 109 (20.0%) | 290 (17.8%) | 213 (18.1%) | 66 (22.4%) |
Patients affected by NP after 12 months (%) | 483 (25.4%) | 256 (23.6%) | 175 (32.1%) | 478 (29.4%) | 345 (29.2%) | 112 (38.0%) |
Assessment of Treatment Adherence
Adherence (period: first 12 months after treatment initiation) | UK: CPRD | GER: AOK PLUS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a OD therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to BID/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a BID therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to OD/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a OD therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to BID/once-weekly) | T2DM-prevalent patients having started a BID therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists (no switching to OD/once-weekly) | |
1. Overall MPR for 12 months observational period since therapy starta
| ||||||
N
| 1905 | 1083 | 545 | 1627 | 1180 | 295 |
Mean MPR in % (SD) | 76.0 (29.0) | 76.5 (28.2) | 73.2 (31.7) | 73.9 (29.5) | 74.1 (29.1) | 69.7 (32.1) |
Patients affected by NA: MPR <80%, (%) | 711 (37.3%) | 391 (36.1%) | 226 (41.5%) | 685 (42.1%) | 488 (41.4%) | 148 (50.2%) |
2. Adherence between first and last observed prescription during therapy persistenceb
| ||||||
N
| 1744 | 998 | 484 | 1349 | 975 | 234 |
Mean observational period in days (SD) | 288.6 (96.5) | 295.1 (90.1) | 272.2 (109.0) | 253.6 (98.6) | 255.4 (97.7) | 233.9 (104.9) |
Mean MPR in % (SD) | 88.6 (14.9) | 88.2 (15.0) | 89.3 (15.6) | 89.7 (15.0) | 90.0 (14.7) | 89.4 (15.9) |
Patients affected by NA: MPR <70%, (%) | 222 (12.7%) | 133 (13.3%) | 60 (12.4%) | 164 (12.2%) | 115 (11.8%) | 33 (14.1%) |
Patients affected by NA: MPR <80%, (%) | 353 (20.2%) | 200 (20.0%) | 99 (20.5%) | 269 (19.9%) | 187 (19.2%) | 51 (21.8%) |
Patients affected by NA: MPR <90%, (%) | 635 (36.4%) | 375 (37.6%) | 161 (33.3%) | 443 (32.8%) | 315 (32.3%) | 77 (32.9%) |