nach oben

Journal of NeuroVirology

Erschienen in:

23.05.2020 | COVID-19 | Review Zur Zeit gratis

COVID-19 and the nervous system

verfasst von: Joseph R. Berger

Erschienen in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

A pandemic due to novel coronavirus arose in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in 3 months’ time swept the world. The disease has been referred to as COVID-19, and the causative agent has been labelled SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic similarities to the virus (SARS-CoV-1) responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic nearly 20 years earlier. The spike proteins of both viruses dictate tissue tropism using the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE-2) receptor to bind to cells. The ACE-2 receptor can be found in nervous system tissue and endothelial cells among the tissues of many other organs.

Neurological complications have been observed with COVID-19. Myalgia and headache are relatively common, but serious neurological disease appears to be rare. No part of the neuraxis is spared. The neurological disorders occurring with COVID-19 may have many pathophysiological underpinnings. Some appear to be the consequence of direct viral invasion of the nervous system tissue, others arise as a postviral autoimmune process, and still others are the result of metabolic and systemic complications due to the associated critical illness. This review addresses the preliminary observations regarding the neurological disorders reported with COVID-19 to date and describes some of the disorders that are anticipated from prior experience with similar coronaviruses.

Allen AM et al (2009) Neuronal angiotensin. In: Squire LR (ed) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Academic Press, New York, pp 697–702CrossRef

Arabi YM, Harthi A, Hussein J, Bouchama A, Johani S, Hajeer AH, Saeed BT, Wahbi A, Saedy A, AlDabbagh T, Okaili R, Sadat M, Balkhy H (2015) Severe neurologic syndrome associated with middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV). Infection 43(4):495–501CrossRef

Bhatraju PK et al (2020 [cited 2020 March 31]; Available from:) Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattel region - case series. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2004500 CrossRef

CDC (2020) SARS basic fact sheet. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [cited 2020 March 29]; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-sars.html

Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KK, Yuan S, Yuen KY (2020) Genomic characterization of the 2019 novgersel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect 9(1):221–236CrossRef

CNN (2020) Coronavirus outbreak timeline fast facts. CNN Health [cited 2020 March 29]; Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/health/wuhan-coronavirus-timeline-fast-facts/index.html

Ding Q et al (2020) The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients co-infected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol

Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015) Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 1282:1–23CrossRef

Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS (2020) Neurological complications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from https://www.cureus.com/articles/29414-neurological-complications-of-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-encephalopathy

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. (2020) Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32109013

Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 203(2):631–637CrossRef

Hopkins C, Kumar N (2020) Loss of sense of smell as a marker of COVID-19 infection. ENTUK [cited 2020 March 30]; Available from: https://www.entuk.org/sites/default/files/files/Loss%20of%20sense%20of%20smell%20as%20marker%20of%20COVID.pdf

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223):497–506CrossRef

Hung EC et al (2003) Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Chem 49(12):2108–2109CrossRef

Hwang CS (2006) Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of A case. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 15(1):26–28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171076

Imai Y et al (2010) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in disease pathogenesis. Circ J 74(3):405–410CrossRef

Jin M, Tong Q (2020) Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis 26(7)

Kim JE, Heo JH, Kim HO, Song SH, Park SS, Park TH, Ahn JY, Kim MK, Choi JP (2017) Neurological complications during treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Clin Neurol 13(3):227–233CrossRef

Lau KK, Yu WC, Chu CM, Lau ST, Sheng B, Yuen KY (2004) Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 10(2):342–344CrossRef

Li F (2016) Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu Rev Virol 3(1):237–261CrossRef

Li Y, Li H, Fan R, Wen B, Zhang J, Cao X, Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Li X, Lv X, Qu X, Huang R, Liu W (2016) Coronavirus infections in the central nervous system and respiratory tract show distinct features in hospitalized children. Intervirology 59(3):163–169CrossRef

Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T (2020a) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32104915

Li LQ et al (2020b) 2019 novel coronavirus patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol

Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, Wang W, Song H, Huang B, Zhu N, Bi Y, Ma X, Zhan F, Wang L, Hu T, Zhou H, Hu Z, Zhou W, Zhao L, Chen J, Meng Y, Wang J, Lin Y, Yuan J, Xie Z, Ma J, Liu WJ, Wang D, Xu W, Holmes EC, Gao GF, Wu G, Chen W, Shi W, Tan W (2020) Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 395(10224):565–574CrossRef

Ludvigsson JF (2020) Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr

Madjid M et al (2020) Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol

Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, CHong C, et al. (2020) Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, CHina: a retrospective case series study. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500v1.full.pdf

McIntosh K (1985) Coronaviruses. In: Fields BN et al (eds) Field's Virology. Raven Press, New York, pp 1323–1330

McIntosh K, Anderson LJ (2005) Coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Churchill Livingston, Philadelphia, pp 1990–1997

Michael, B. and A. Easton. COVID-19 and encephalitis. 2020 [cited 2020 March 30]; Available from: www.encephalitis.info/blog/coronavirus

Netland J et al (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 82(15):7264–7275CrossRef

Oke, J. and C. Heneghan. Oxford Covid-19 Evidence Service. 2020 [cited 2020 March 27]; Available from: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/global-covid-19-case-fatality-rates/

Organization, W.H (2020) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Emergencies [cited 2020; Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/

Organization WH (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 69. [cited 2020 March 29]; Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200329-sitrep-69-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=8d6620fa_2

Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L, et al. (2020) Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology 200370. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32053470

Poyuiadji N, Shahin G, Nouhjaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B (2020). COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology, from https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187

Seiden AM (2004) Postviral olfactory loss. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 37(6):1159–1166CrossRef

Sharma K, Tengsupakul S, Sanchez O, Phaltas R, Maertens P (2019) Guillain-Barre syndrome with unilateral peripheral facial and bulbar palsy in a child: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 7:2050313X19838750. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915222 CrossRef

Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang Y-Q, et al. (2020) Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Nature: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy [Internet]. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-0148-4.pdf.

Tang N et al (2020) Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost

Tang X, Wu C, Li X, Song Y, Yao X, Wu X, et al. (2020) On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036

Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, et al. (2020) Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32112886

Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chang YC (2005) Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Acta Neurol Taiwanica 14(3):113–119

Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. (2020a) Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134116

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. (2020b) Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32031570

Wang D et al (2020c) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA

Xu XW et al (2020a) Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 368:m606CrossRef

Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X et al (2020) High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 12(1):8

Yang X et al (2020) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med

Yeh EA, Collins A, Cohen ME, Duffner PK, Faden H (2004) Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatrics 113(1 Pt 1):e73–e76PubMed

Zhao, K., et al., Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report., m. preprint, Editor. 2020

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet

Titel: COVID-19 and the nervous system
verfasst von: Joseph R. Berger
Publikationsdatum: 23.05.2020
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Schlagwort: COVID-19
Erschienen in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Elektronische ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00840-5

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2020

Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis as a predictive factor for CSF and plasma HIV RNA discordance and escape

Genome-based analysis of SFTSV causing severe encephalitis with brain lesions

Detecting cognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals using mutual connectivity analysis of resting state functional MRI

Concomitant cerebral aspergillosis and mucormycosis in an immunocompetent woman treated with corticosteroids

Resting-state neural signatures of depressive symptoms in acute HIV

Primary HIV infection presenting with Kaposi sarcoma and limbic encephalitis