nach oben

Current Dermatology Reports

Erschienen in:

01.12.2013 | Pediatrics (R Sidbury, Section Editor)

Pityriasis Lichenoides and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of the Most Common Benign and Malignant Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Children

verfasst von: Markus D. Boos, Sara S. Samimi, Alain H. Rook, Albert C. Yan, Ellen J. Kim

Erschienen in: Current Dermatology Reports | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Although more common with advanced age, the entire spectrum of benign and malignant cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders can present in the pediatric population. Nevertheless, these conditions are often mistaken for other more common, benign dermatoses, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Standardized management of these conditions is also lacking. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the most common benign and malignant cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders in children: pityriasis lichenoides and mycosis fungoides. The presentation, evaluation and management of each of these conditions are discussed.

Gross TG, Termuhlen AM. Pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2008;3:167–73.PubMedCrossRef

Baum CL, Link BK, Neppalli VT, Swick BL, Liu V. Reappraisal of the provisional entity primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma: a series of 10 adult and pediatric patients and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:739–48.PubMedCrossRef

• Fernandes NF, Rozdeba PJ, Schwartz RA, Kihiczak G, Lambert WC. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a disease spectrum. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:257–61. This review delves into the clinical spectrum of PLEVA with Mucha Haberman disease as a severe variant, its proposed etiologies, histology and potential treatment regimens.PubMedCrossRef

Ersoy-Evans S, Greco MF, Mancini AJ, Subaşi N, Paller AS. Pityriasis lichenoides in childhood: a retrospective review of 124 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:205–10.PubMedCrossRef

• Hapa A, Ersoy-Evans S, Karaduman A. Childhood pityriasis lichenoides and oral erythromycin. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:719–24. This retrospective analysis of 24 children demonstrated the efficacy of oral erythromycin in patients with both PLEVA and PLC, with a maximum response noted after administration for 3 months.PubMedCrossRef

Cho E, Jun HJ, Cho SH, Lee JD. Varicella-Zoster virus as a possible cause of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01821.x.PubMed

Kim JE et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional T-cell subsets and investigation of viral associations. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38:649–56.PubMedCrossRef

Bowers S, Warshaw EM. Pityriasis lichenoides and its subtypes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:557–72. quiz 573–576.PubMedCrossRef

Machan M, Loren R, Fraga G, Liu D. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta associated with subcutaneous immunoglobulin administration. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:e151–2.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Gunatheesan S, Ferguson J, Moosa Y. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a rare association with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Australas J Dermatol. 2012;53:e76–8.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Gil-Bistes D, Kluger N, Bessis D, Guillot B, Raison-Peyron N. Pityriasis lichenoides chronic after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. J Dermatol. 2012;39:492–3.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Weinberg JM et al. The clonal nature of pityriasis lichenoides. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1063–7.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Wahie S, Hiscutt E, Natarajan S, Taylor A. Pityriasis lichenoides: the differences between children and adults. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157:941–5.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Skinner RB, Levy AL. Rapid resolution of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta with azithromycin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:524–5.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Ersoy-Evans S, Altaykan A, Sahin S, Kölemen F. Phototherapy in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:599–605.PubMedCrossRef

16.

• Ersoy-Evans S, Hapa AA, Boztepe G, Sahin S, Kölemen F. Narrowband ultraviolet-B phototherapy in pityriasis lichenoides chronica. J Dermatol Treat. 2009;20:109–13. This retrospective analysis of 25 patients demonstrated that nbUVB therapy is an effective mode of therapy with a complete response in 48 % and a partial response of 44 % of patients with PLC.CrossRef

17.

Perrin BS, Yan AC, Treat JR. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease in a 34-month-old boy: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:53–8.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Tsianakas A, Hoeger PH. Transition of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta to febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease is associated with elevated serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152:794–9.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Kaufman WS et al. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta fulminans) presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:135–40.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Hervás JA et al. Varicella precipitating febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012. doi:10.1111/pde.12008.PubMed

21.

Smith JJL, Oliver GF. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease associated with herpes simplex virus type 2. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60:149–52.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Meziane L et al. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease: treatment with infliximab and intravenous immunoglobulins and review of the literature. Dermatol Basel Switz. 2012;225:344–8.CrossRef

23.

Zhang L, Liang Y, Liu Y, Ma L. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann’s disease with pulmonary involvement. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27:290–3.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Marenco F, Fava P, Fierro MT, Quaglino P, Bernengo MG. High-dose immunoglobulines and extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23:419–22.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Willemze R. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2005;105:3768–85.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Criscione VD, Weinstock MA. Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:854–9.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Tan E, Tay YK, Giam YC. Profile and outcome of childhood mycosis fungoides in Singapore. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17:352–6.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Wain EM, Orchard GE, Whittaker SJ, Spittle MF, Russell-Jones R. Outcome in 34 patients with juvenile-onset mycosis fungoides: a clinical, immunophenotypic, and molecular study. Cancer. 2003;98:2282–90.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Quaglino P, Zaccagna A, Verrone A, Dardano F, Bernengo MG. Mycosis fungoides in patients under 20 years of age: report of 7 cases, review of the literature and study of the clinical course. Dermatol Basel Switz. 1999;199:8–14.CrossRef

30.

Nanda A et al. Mycosis fungoides in Arab children and adolescents: a report of 36 patients from Kuwait. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27:607–13.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Koch SE, Zackheim HS, Williams ML, Fletcher V, LeBoit PE. Mycosis fungoides beginning in childhood and adolescence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;17:563–70.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Meister L, Duarte AM, Davis J, Perez JL, Schachner LA. Sézary syndrome in an 11-year-old girl. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:93–5.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Fink-Puches R et al. The spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas in patients less than 20 years of age. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:525–33.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Yazganoglu KD, Topkarci Z, Buyukbabani N, Baykal C. Childhood mycosis fungoides: a report of 20 cases from Turkey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol Jeadv. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04383.x.

35.

Hanna S, Walsh N, D’Intino Y, Langley RGB. Mycosis fungoides presenting as pigmented purpuric dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23:350–4.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Baykal C, Büyükbabani N, Kaymaz R. Familial mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:1108–10.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Hodak E et al. Familial mycosis fungoides: report of 6 kindreds and a study of the HLA system. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:393–402.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Schneider BF, Christian M, Hess CE, Williams ME. Familial occurrence of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: a case report of monozygotic twin sisters. Leukemia. 1995;9:1979–81.PubMed

39.

Vassallo C et al. Mycosis fungoides in childhood: description and study of two siblings. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007;87:529–32.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Neuhaus IM, Ramos-Caro FA, Hassanein AM. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17:403–6.PubMedCrossRef

41.

• Pope E et al. Mycosis fungoides in the pediatric population: report from an international Childhood Registry of Cutaneous Lymphoma. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14:1–6. This retrospective analysis of 22 patients from the Childhood Registry of Cutaneous Lymphoma demonstrated that patch stage and hypopigmented MF were the most commonly represented variants in cases of pediatric MF.PubMed

42.

Ben-Amitai D, David M, Feinmesser M, Hodak E. Juvenile mycosis fungoides diagnosed before 18 years of age. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:451–6.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Ardigó M, Borroni G, Muscardin L, Kerl H, Cerroni L. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in Caucasian patients: a clinicopathologic study of 7 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:264–70.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Ally MS et al. Solitary mycosis fungoides: a distinct clinicopathologic entity with a good prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:736–44.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Ranawaka RR, Abeygunasekara PH, de Silva MVC. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in type V skin: a report of 5 cases. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2011;2011:1–6.CrossRef

46.

Ko JW, Seong JY, Suh KS, Kim ST. Pityriasis lichenoides-like mycosis fungoides in children. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:347–52.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Agar NS et al. Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides/sezary syndrome: validation of the revised international society for cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Staging Proposal. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4730–9.PubMedCrossRef

48.

LeBoit PE. Alopecia mucinosa, inflammatory disease or mycosis fungoides: must we choose? And are there other choices? Am J Dermatopathol. 2004;26:167–70.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Vollmer RT. Mycosis fungoides and follicular mucinosis. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1613–4. author reply 1614–1615.PubMedCrossRef

50.

Brown HA, Gibson LE, Pujol RM, Lust JA, Pittelkow MR. Primary follicular mucinosis: long-term follow-up of patients younger than 40 years with and without clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:856–62.PubMedCrossRef

51.

Cerroni L, Fink-Puches R, Bäck B, Kerl H. Follicular mucinosis: a critical reappraisal of clinicopathologic features and association with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:182–9.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Zvulunov A, Shkalim V, Ben-Amitai D, Feinmesser M. Clinical and histopathologic spectrum of alopecia mucinosa/follicular mucinosis and its natural history in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:1174–81.PubMedCrossRef

53.

•• Alikhan A, Griffin J, Nguyen N, Davis DMR, Gibson LE. Pediatric follicular mucinosis: presentation, histopathology, molecular genetics, treatment, and outcomes over an 11-year period at the Mayo Clinic. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30:192–8. These two studies demonstrated that pediatric FM is infrequently associated with other hematologic malignancies and concluded that FM could not be equated with early folliculotropic MF in children.PubMedCrossRef

54.

Plaza JA, Morrison C, Magro CM. Assessment of TCR-beta clonality in a diverse group of cutaneous T-Cell infiltrates. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:358–65.PubMedCrossRef

55.

French LE et al. Identification of clonal T cells in the blood of patients with systemic sclerosis: positive correlation with response to photopheresis. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:1309–13.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Garzon MC. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma in children. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1999;18:226–32.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Zelenetz AD et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, version 3.2012. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw Jnccn. 2012;10:1487–98.

58.

Pearce MS et al. Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2012;380:499–505.PubMedCrossRef

59.

•• Miglioretti DL, et al. The use of computed tomography in pediatrics and the associated radiation exposure and estimated cancer risk. JAMA Pediatr. 2013:1–8. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.311. These two studies demonstrated an increased risk of radiation-induced malignancy in the pediatric population following CT scans and argue for the responsible use of CT scans in the medical evaluation of children.

60.

Weberschock T, et al. In: The Cochrane Collaboration & Weberschock T, editors. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. At <http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD008946.pub2>.

61.

Crowley JJ, Nikko A, Varghese A, Hoppe RT, Kim YH. Mycosis fungoides in young patients: clinical characteristics and outcome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:696–701.PubMedCrossRef

62.

Kim YH, Martinez G, Varghese A, Hoppe RT. Topical nitrogen mustard in the management of mycosis fungoides: update of the Stanford experience. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:165–73.PubMedCrossRef

63.

Kavala M et al. Treatment of childhood mycosis fungoides with narrow-band phototherapy. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48:203–4.PubMedCrossRef

64.

Pugashetti R, Koo J. Phototherapy in pediatric patients: choosing the appropriate treatment option. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010;29:115–20.PubMedCrossRef

65.

Berthelot C, Rivera A, Duvic M. Skin directed therapy for mycosis fungoides: a review. J Drugs Dermatol Jdd. 2008;7:655–66.

66.

Zackheim HS, Kashani-Sabet M, Amin S. Topical corticosteroids for mycosis fungoides. Experience in 79 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:949–54.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Querfeld C et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who achieved complete remission with psoralen plus UV-A monotherapy. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:305–11.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Stern RS, Nichols KT, Väkevä LH. Malignant melanoma in patients treated for psoriasis with methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA). The PUVA follow-up study. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1041–5.PubMedCrossRef

69.

Stern RS. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and methoxsalen (Psoralen) and UV-A radiation (PUVA): a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:1582–5.PubMedCrossRef

70.

Hearn RMR, Kerr AC, Rahim KF, Ferguson J, Dawe RS. Incidence of skin cancers in 3867 patients treated with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159:931–5.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Kim YH, Jensen RA, Watanabe GL, Varghese A, Hoppe RT. Clinical stage IA (limited patch and plaque) mycosis fungoides. A long-term outcome analysis. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:1309–13.PubMedCrossRef

72.

Kim YH, Liu HL, Mraz-Gernhard S, Varghese A, Hoppe RT. Long-term outcome of 525 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: clinical prognostic factors and risk for disease progression. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:857–66.PubMedCrossRef

73.

Talpur R et al. Long-term outcomes of 1,263 patients with mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome from 1982 to 2009. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:5051–60.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Pityriasis Lichenoides and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of the Most Common Benign and Malignant Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Children
verfasst von: Markus D. Boos
Sara S. Samimi
Alain H. Rook
Albert C. Yan
Ellen J. Kim
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2013
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Dermatology Reports / Ausgabe 4/2013
Elektronische ISSN: 2162-4933
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-013-0054-x

Leitlinien kompakt für die Dermatologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Dermatologie

Hirsutismus bei PCOS: Laser- und Lichttherapien helfen

26.04.2024 Hirsutismus Nachrichten

Laser- und Lichtbehandlungen können bei Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) den übermäßigen Haarwuchs verringern und das Wohlbefinden verbessern – bei alleiniger Anwendung oder in Kombination mit Medikamenten.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Kein Abstrich bei chronischen Wunden ohne Entzündungszeichen!

16.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Den Reflex, eine oberflächliche chronische Hautwunde ohne Entzündungszeichen in jedem Fall abzustreichen, sollte man nach einer neuen „Klug-entscheiden“-Empfehlung unterdrücken.

Update Dermatologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

Pediatric Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases: An Update on Disease Characteristics, Associations, and Management

Pediatric Dermatology Clinical-Pathologic Case “Mimickers”

A Practical Guide to Outpatient Wet Dressings for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Urticaria and Angioedema in Pregnancy

Intrauterine Diagnosis of Genodermatoses