Background
Methods
Results
Studies characteristics
Author | Cases n | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coogan et al. [26] | 207 | 5,833a
| Hospital based | >4 days/week for >3 months. Continuing use during 1 year of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (7%)
| 0.8 | 0.5–1.4 |
Farrow et al. [30] | 277 | 687a
| Population based | >1 tablet/week during >6 months. 1 year lag time | Personal Interview | Aspirin (31%) | 0.48†
| 0.32–0.70 |
279 | NA-NSAIDs (13%) | 0.81†
| 0.51–1.30 | |||||
Langman et al. [36] | 550 | 1,650a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (8%) | 0.64 | 0.41–0.98 |
Garidou et al. [32] | 56 | 200a
| Hospital based | Chronic intake | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (14%) | 0.52†
| 0.17–1.62 |
Suleiman et al. [59] | 56 | 56a
| Population based | Ever use for >1 year | Medical records | NSAIDs (38%) | 0.16 | 0.03–0.93 |
Cheng et al. [60] | 74 | 74a
| Population based | Ever daily use for >1 month | Personal Interview | Aspirin (21%) | 0.67 | 0.27–1.63 |
Funkhouser et al.31
| 15 | 13,179b
| Cohort | Use 30 days before baseline (ocasional) | Personal Interview | Aspirin (51%) | 0.10 | 0.01–0.76 |
Thun et al. [46] | 157 | 635,031b
| Cohort | More than 16 times per month for at least one year | Mailed questionnaire | Aspirin (11%) | 0.59 | 0.34–1.03 |
Author | Cases n | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farrow et al. [30] | 612 | 687a
| Population based | >1 tablet/week during >6 months. 1 year lag time | Personal Interview | Aspirin (31%)
| 0.76 | 0.60–0.97 |
610 | NA-NSAIDs (13%) | 0.79 | 0.56–1.10 | |||||
Akre et al. [22] | 480 | 1,055a
| Population based | >30 tablets/month. 2 years lag time | Personal Interview | Aspirin (3%) | 0.8 | 0.7–1.1 |
NA-NSAIDs†
| 1.1 | 0.6–1.4 | ||||||
Zaridze et al. [48] | 448 | 610a
| Hospital based | >2 days/week for >6 months | In-hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (14%) | 0.60 | 0.41–0.90 |
NSAIDs (17%) | 0.65 | 0.45–0.93 | ||||||
Langman et al. [36] | 613 | 1,837a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (8%) | 0.51 | 0.33–0.79 |
Coogan et al. [26] | 250 | 5,883a
| Hospital based | >4 days/week for >3 months. Continuing use during 1 year of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (7%) | 0.3 | 0.1–0.6 |
Thun et al. [46] | 266 | 635,031b
| Cohort | More than 16 times per month for at least one year | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (11%) | 0.53 | 0.34–0.81 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 39 | 12,668b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (59%) | 0.93 | 0.49–1.74 |
Author | Cases n | Cotrolsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coogan et al. [26] | 491 | 5,833a
| Hospital based | >4 days/week for >3 months. Continuing use during 1 year of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (7%)
| 0.8 | 0.5–1.1 |
Langman et al. [36] | 513 | 1,535a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (7%) | 1.49 | 1.02–2.18 |
Menezes et al. [49] | 194 | 582a
| Hospital based | >1 tablet/week for at least 6 months | In-hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (44%) | 1.00 | 0.72–1.39 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 30 | 12,668b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (59%) | 0.67 | 0.33–1.36 |
Anderson et al. [23] | 80 | 28,283b
| Cohort | >6 times/week at baseline | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (21%) | 0.40 | 0.20–0.82 |
NA-NSAIDs (NR) | 1.28 | 0.68–2.43 |
Author | Cases n | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sharpe et al. [44] | 5,882 | 23,517a
| Population based | >2 tablets/week during years 2 – 5 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (4%)
| 0.76 | 0.63–0.92 |
Harris et al. [33] | 744 | 767a
| Hospital based | >3 tablets/week during more than 5 years | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (16%) | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 |
Harris et al. [34] | 511 | 1,534a
| Hospital based | >3 tablets/week for at least 1 year | Personal Interview | Aspirin (12%) | 0.69 | 0.46–0.99 |
NSAIDs (28%) | 0.66 | 0.52–0.83 | ||||||
Coogan et al. [25] | 6,558 | 2,925a
| Hospital based | >4 days/week for >3 months. | Personal Interview | Aspirin (N.R.) | 0.7 | 0.5–0.8 |
Continuing use during 1 year of lag time | NA-NSAIDs (N.R.) | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | |||||
NSAIDs (7%) | 0.7 | 0.6–0.8 | ||||||
Langman et al. [36] | 3,105 | 9,772a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (6%) | 1.10 | 0.92–1.30 |
Cotterchio et al. [27] | 3,133 | 3,062a
| Population based | Daily use for more than two months. 1 year before start date excluded | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (14%) | 0.73 | 0.61–0.87 |
NA-NSAIDs (11%) | 0.79 | 0.66–0.96 | ||||||
NSAIDs (26%) | 0.76 | 0.66–0.88 | ||||||
Meier et al. [61] | 3,706 | 14,155a
| Population based | ≥30 prescriptions | Automated Database | NSAIDs (8%) | 1.0 | 0.8–1.1 |
Rosenberg et al. [56] | 4,485 | 4,906a
| Hospital based | >3 days/week for >3 months 1.5 years of lag timev | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (6%) | 0.8 | 0.6–1.0 |
Neugut et al. [62] | 252 | 176a
| Hospital based | Chronic aspirin use | Medical Records | Aspirin (9%) | 0.80 | 0.35–1.80 |
Friedman et al. [20] | NR | 143,574b
| Cohort | ever use | Medical Records | Aspirin‡ (2%) | 0.20 | 0.05–0.80 |
NA-NSAIDs» (3%) | 0.50 | 0.28–0.88 | ||||||
Johnson et al. [58] | 938 | 27,616b
| Cohort | >5 times per week | Mailed questionnaire | Aspirin (21%) | 0.71 | 0.58–0.87 |
NA-NSAID (13%) | 1.01 | 0.83–1.25 | ||||||
Egan et al. [29] | 2,414 | 89,528b
| Cohort | >2 tablets/week reported in 4 consecutive questionnaires | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (15%) | 1.01 | 0.80–1.27 |
NA-NSAIDs (4%) | 0.95 | 0.78–1.17†
| ||||||
Harris et al. [35] | 393 | 32,505b
| Cohort | >4 tablest/week at start date | In-hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (13%) | 0.64 | 0.45–0.90 |
NSAIDs (25%) | 0.57 | 0.44–0.74 | ||||||
Paganini-Hill et al. [40] | 214 | 8,881b
| Cohort | Daily use of aspirin for an undefined time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (15%) | 1.05§
| 0.73–1.50 |
Thun et al. [46] | NR. | 344,350b
| Cohort | More than 16 times per month for at least one year | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (11%) | 0.88 | 0.62–1.24 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 147 | 7,489b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (64%) | 0.70 | 0.50–0.96 |
Author | Cases n | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tzonou et al. [47] | 189 | 200a
| Hospital based | >2 tablets/week | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (26%)
| 0.51 | 0.26–1.02 |
Cramer et al. [28] | 563 | 523a
| Population based | >1 tablet/week for >6 months. 1 year lag time. | Personal Interview | Aspirin†(14%) | 0.75 | 0.52–1.10 |
NSAIDs‡ (7%) | 0.91 | 0.53–1.54 | ||||||
Tavani et al. [45] | 749 | 898a
| Hospital based | >1 tablet/week for >6 months. (current and/or former) | Personal Interview | Aspirin (6%) | 0.93 | 0.53–1.62 |
Rosenberg[56] | 448 | 4,906a
| Hospital based | >3 days/week for >3 months 1.5 years of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (6%) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.3 |
Rosenberg et al. [42] | 780 | 2,570a
| Hospital based | >4 days/week for at least 6 months.1 year lag time | Personal Interview | Aspirin (5%) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 |
NA-NSAIDs (3%) | 0.5 | 0.3–1.0 | ||||||
NSAIDs (8%) | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 | ||||||
Moysich et al. [37] | 547 | 1,094a
| Hospital based | >1 day/week for 6 consecutive months | In-hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (12%) | 1.00 | 0.73–1.39 |
Akhmedkhanov et al. [21] | 68 | 680a
| Population based | Ever use of >3 tablet/week for >6 months. 1 year lag time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (16%) | 0.60 | 0.26–1.38 |
Meier et al. [61] | 483 | 1,877a
| Population based | ≥30 prescriptions. 1 year lag time | Automated Database | NSAIDs (5%) | 1.1 | 0.6–1.8 |
Fairfield et al. [50] | 333 | 76,821b
| Cohort | >1 tablet/week | Mailed | Aspirin (46%) | 1.00 | 0.80–1.25 |
NSAIDs (N.R.) | 0.60 | 0.38–0.95 |
Author | Cases n | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nelson et al. [38] | 417 | 420a
| Hospital based | >1 tablet/day in the year prior to admission | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (15%)
| 0.34 | 0.20–0.58 |
Langman et al. [36] | 1,813 | 5,354a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (7%) | 1.33 | 1.07–1.64 |
Norish et al. [39] | 317 | 480a
| Population based | >1 tablet/week | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (29%) | 0.85 | 0.61–1.19 |
NA-NSAIDs (7%) | 0.87 | 0.49–1.55 | ||||||
NSAIDs (36%) | 0.88 | 0.64–1.20 | ||||||
Irani et al. [53] | 639 | 659a
| Hospital based | Ever use | In-hospital Questionnaire | NA-NSAIDs (46%) | 0.80 | 0.66–1.07 |
Neugut et al. [62] | 319 | 189a
| Hospital based | Chronic aspirin use | Medical records | Aspirin (7%) | 1.60 | 0.82–3.11 |
Roberts et al. [41] | 91 | 1,362b
| Cohort | Daily use | Mailed Questionnaire | NSAIDs (42%) | 0.37 | 0.22–0.62 |
Paganini-Hill et al. [40] | 149 | 5,106b
| Cohort | Daily use of aspirin for an undefined time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (17%) | 0.94§
| 0.61–1.44 |
Thun et al. [46]†
| N.R. | 290,681b
| Cohort | More than 16 times per month for at least one year | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (11%) | 0.82 | 0.56–1.19 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 123 | 5,179b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (51%) | 0.95 | 0.66–1.35 |
Leitzmann et al. [52] | 2,479 | 47,882b
| Cohort | ≥2 tablets per week reported in 4 consecutive questionnaires | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (N.R.) | 1.04 | 0.86–1.26 |
Habel et al. [57] | 2,574 | 90,100b
| Cohort | >6 tablets almost ever day | In hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (2.7%) | 0.76 | 0.60–0.98 |
Author | Cases N | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source Population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Langman et al. [36] | 2,560 | 7,643a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (7%)
| 0.84 | 0.69–1.02 |
Harris et al. [51] | 489 | 978a
| Hospital based | >7 tablets per week during more than 2 years | Personal Interview | NSAIDs(26%) | 0.32 | 0.23–0.44 |
Akhmedkhanov et al[54] | 81 | 808a
| Population based‡
| >2 tablets per week during at least 6 months. 1 year lag time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (19%) | 0.66 | 0.34–1.28 |
Moysich et al. [55] | 868 | 935a
| Hospital based | >1 tablet per week for at least 1 year | In hospital Questionnaire | Aspirin (18%) | 0.57 | 0.41–0.78 |
Rosenberg[56] | 1,110 | 4,906a
| Hospital based | >3 days/week for >3 months 1.5 years of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (6%) | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 |
Paganini-Hill et al. [40] | 111 | 13,987b
| Cohort | Daily use of aspirin for an undefined time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (16%) | 0.92§
| 0.54–1.55 |
Thun et al. [46]†
| NR men | 290,681b
| Cohort | More than 16 times per month for at least one year | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (11%) | 1.11 | 0.98–1.25 |
NR women | 344,350b
| 1.07 | 0.88–1.30 | |||||
Schreinemachers et al. [43]†
| 163 | 12,668b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (59%) | 0.68 | 0.49–0.94 |
Author | Cases N | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source Population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Castelao et al. [25] | 1,514 | 1,514a
| Population based | >2 days/week for >1 month | Personal Interview | Aspirin (12%)
†
| 0.85 | 0.66–1.09 |
NSAIDs (39%) | 0.81 | 0.68–0.96 | ||||||
Langman et al. [36] | 1,041 | 3,122a
| Population based | >7 prescriptions during months 13–36 before index date | Automated Database | NSAIDs (7%) | 1.14 | 0.85–1.53 |
Rosenberg[56] | 1,110 | 4,906a
| Hospital based | >3 days/week for >3 months 1.5 years of lag time | Personal Interview | NSAIDs (6%) | 0.8 | 0.4–1.6 |
Paganini-Hill et al. [40] | 93 | 13,987b
| Cohort | Daily use of aspirin for an undefined time | Mailed questionnaire | Aspirin (16%) | 1.10§
| 0.65–1.85 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 35 | 12,668b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (59%) | 1.06 | 0.54–2.09 |
Author | Cases N | Controlsa/Cohortb
| Source Population | Exposure definition | Exposure assessment | Drug | RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McLaughlin et al. [63] | 495* | 697a
| Population based | More than 14 times per month for >36 months | Personal Interview | Aspirin (8%)
| 0.5†
| 0.2–1.0 |
1.8‡
| 0.7–4.1 | |||||||
McCredie et al. 1988[64] | 360* | 985a
| Population based | >0.1 kg lifetime use | Mailed questionnaire | Aspirin (18%) | 1.2 | 0.7–1.9 |
McCredie et al.1995[65] | 1,732* | 2,309a
| Population based | >5 kg lifetime use | Personal Interview | Aspirin (5%) | 1.2 | 0.9–1.7 |
Gago-Dominguez et al. [66] | 1,201* | 1,204a
| Population based | Two or more times a week for 1 month or longer | Personal Interview | Aspirin (27%) | 1.5 | 1.2–1.8 |
Paganini-Hill et al. [40] | NR* | 13,987b
| Cohort | Daily use of aspirin for an undefined time | Mailed Questionnaire | Aspirin (16%) | 6.3 | 2.0–20.0 |
Schreinemachers et al. [43] | 32 | 12,668b
| Cohort | Ever use of aspirin in the 30 days prior to start date | Personal Interview | Aspirin (59%) | 0.60 | 0.29–1.24 |
N†
| NSAIDs RR (95%CI) | N | Aspirin RR (95%CI) | N | NA-NSAIDs RR (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Esophagus | 4 | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 4 | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | ||
Stomach | 3 | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | 5 | 0.73 (0.63–0.84) | 2 | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) |
Pancreas | 2 | 1.09 (0.59–2.01) | 3 | 0.69 (0.40–1.20) | ||
Breast | 9 | 0.77* (0.66–0.88) | 11 | 0.77 (0.69–0.86) | 5 | 0.86 (0.73–1.00) |
Ovary | 6 | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | 6 | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | ||
Prostate | 4 | 0.64* (0.34–1.21) | 7 | 0.92 (0.81 – 1.05) | 2 | 0.84 (0.68–1.05) |
Kidney | 6 | 1.23* (0.86–1.75) | ||||
Bladder | 3 | 0.91 (0.71–1.18) | 3 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | ||
Lung | 3 | 0.65* (0.34–1.22) | 5 | 0.84* (0.66–1.07) |