Background
item | |
---|---|
1 |
When all is said and done, I am the person who is responsible for managing my health condition
|
2 |
Taking an active role in my own health care is the most important factor in determining my health and ability to function
|
3 |
I am confident that I can take actions that will help prevent or minimize some symptoms or problems associated with my health condition
|
4 |
I know what each of my prescribed medications do
|
5 |
I am confident that I can tell when I need to go get medical care and when I can handle a health problem myself
|
6 |
I am confident I can tell my health care provider concerns I have even when he or she does not ask
|
7 |
I am confident that I can follow through on medical treatments I need to do at home
|
8 |
I understand the nature and causes of my health condition(s)
|
9 |
I know the different medical treatment options available for my health condition
|
10 |
I have been able to maintain the lifestyle changes for my health that I have made
|
11 |
I know how to prevent further problems with my health condition
|
12 |
I am confident I can figure out solutions when new situations or problems arise with my health condition
|
13 |
I am confident that I can maintain lifestyle changes like diet and exercise even during times of stress
|
Methods
Translation and adaptation of the PAM13
Participants
Ethics
Scoring
Analyses and statistical methods
Results
Translation and adaptation
Participants
Data quality
Item | N | Mean | SD | Median | Missing values | "Not applicable" | Floor | Ceiling | Item-rest correlation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
358 | % of N = 358 | % of N = 358 | % | % | |||||
1 | 351 | 3.61 | 0.53 | 4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 62.7 | 0.53 |
2 | 352 | 3.50 | 0.56 | 4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 52.6 | 0.60 |
3 | 348 | 3.51 | 0.59 | 4 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 54.6 | 0.61 |
4 | 277 | 3.19 | 0.67 | 3 | 4.2 | 18.4 | 2.5 | 31.4 | 0.53 |
5 | 316 | 3.04 | 0.73 | 3 | 2.0 | 9.8 | 2.9 | 26.3 | 0.52 |
6 | 334 | 3.29 | 0.65 | 3 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 38.3 | 0.48 |
7 | 340 | 3.39 | 0.55 | 3 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 42.1 | 0.62 |
8 | 321 | 3.31 | 0.60 | 3 | 1.7 | 8.7 | 0.9 | 37.4 | 0.61 |
9 | 287 | 3.07 | 0.69 | 3 | 2.0 | 17.9 | 2.1 | 25.4 | 0.64 |
10 | 327 | 3.05 | 0.69 | 3 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 1.8 | 24.5 | 0.60 |
11 | 313 | 3.13 | 0.59 | 3 | 2.2 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 23.6 | 0.57 |
12 | 290 | 3.00 | 0.63 | 3 | 1.7 | 17.3 | 1.0 | 18.6 | 0.65 |
13 | 308 | 2.89 | 0.77 | 3 | 1.1 | 12.9 | 3.6 | 21.1 | 0.59 |
Rasch analysis
Item statistics
Item | N = 344 | Measure (logits) | SEM | Measure (0–100 scale) | SEM | Infit MNSQ | Outfit MnSQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 342 | -1.95 | 0.13 | 33.3 | 0.9 | 0.97 | 0.93 |
3 | 339 | -1.38 | 0.12 | 37.3 | 0.9 | 0.98 | 0.94 |
2 | 342 | -1.32 | 0.12 | 37.7 | 0.9 | 0.94 | 0.91 |
7 | 334 | -0.76 | 0.12 | 41.7 | 0.9 | 0.82 | 0.81 |
8 | 319 | -0.35 | 0.12 | 44.7 | 0.9 | 0.92 | 0.88 |
6 | 328 | -0.21 | 0.12 | 45.7 | 0.9 | 1.34 | 1.30 |
4 | 277 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 49.3 | 0.9 | 1.23 | 1.20 |
11 | 313 | 0.53 | 0.12 | 50.9 | 0.8 | 0.86 | 0.87 |
10 | 324 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 53.2 | 0.8 | 0.99 | 1.01 |
9 | 287 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 53.3 | 0.8 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
5 | 314 | 0.86 | 0.11 | 53.3 | 0.8 | 1.28 | 1.29 |
12 | 289 | 1.11 | 0.11 | 55.1 | 0.8 | 0.67 | 0.69 |
13 | 305 | 1.45 | 0.11 | 57.5 | 0.8 | 1.05 | 1.16 |
Person and item reliability
Rasch Person Reliability | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAM 13 | PAM 13 | Danish | American | |||||
N | % | Danish | American | Real | Model | Real | Model | |
Sample | 344 | 100 | 64.2 | 61.9 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.85 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 190 | 55.2 | 63.8 | 60.2 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.84 |
Female | 154 | 44.8 | 64.7 | 62.8 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.85 |
Age group | ||||||||
-54 | 52 | 15.1 | 62.5 | 63.9* | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.88* | 0.91* |
55–64 | 149 | 43.3 | 63.9 | 61.7 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.91 |
65–74 | 137 | 39.8 | 65.6 | 61.9 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.89 | 0.91 |
75+ | 6 | 1.7 | 56.6 | 58.2* | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.87* | 0.90* |
Self-rated health | ||||||||
Poor | 6 | 1.8 | 57.4 | 54.3 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.73 | 0.78 |
Fair | 44 | 13.1 | 62.5 | 57.3 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.83 |
Good | 189 | 56.4 | 62.6 | 59.3 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
Very good | 83 | 24.8 | 66.6 | 64.3 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.83 |
Excellent | 13 | 3.9 | 76.3 | 68.7 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.85 |
Education | ||||||||
Unskilled | 98 | 32.3 | 65.0 | 58.5^ | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.75^ | 0.80^ |
Short (1–3 years) | 130 | 42.9 | 62.8 | 61.8^ | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.82^ | 0.86^ |
Higher (>3 years) | 75 | 24.8 | 65.4 | 61.6^ | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.82^ | 0.85^ |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Pre-diabetes | 136 | 39.5 | 65.2 | - | 0.83 | 0.85 | - | - |
Type 2 diabetes | 208 | 60.5 | 63.6 | 59.7 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.83 |
Rating scale diagnostics
Response category | Observed count | % | Observed measure | Expected measure | Infit MNSQ | Outfit MNSQ | Treshold |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongly disagree | 51 | 1 | -0.30 | -0.80 | 1.26 | 1.52 | NONE |
Disagree | 368 | 10 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 1.03 | 1.03 | -2.31 |
Agree | 2185 | 58 | 1.59 | 1.63 | 0.91 | 0.88 | -0.93 |
Agree strongly | 1153 | 31 | 3.70 | 3.65 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3.25 |