Background
Methods
Conceptual Framework
Hypotheses
The study setting, data, and variables
Data Analysis
Results
Bivariate analyses
Mother Care-seeking | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antenatal and Delivery Care | Postnatal Care | Child Care-seeking | ||||||
Indicator
|
ANC from trained provider
|
TT to mother during pregnancy
|
Attended by trained providers
|
PNC from trained provider
|
Mother given Vit A postpartum
|
Sought newborn checkup
|
Received treatment by trained providers for fever/cough
| |
Whole sample Wealth Quintile | 56.9 | 77.6 | 32.2 | 23.1 | 23.7 | 26.3 | 19.3 | |
Low | 31.5*** | 83.1 | 13.3*** | 5.1*** | 15.8 | 8.9*** | 9.5 | |
2nd | 40.9 | 73.9 | 24.9 | 12.8 | 24.1 | 18.0 | 23.4 | |
3rd | 49.4 | 87.0 | 27.2 | 13.4 | 22.1 | 17.1 | 12.3 | |
4th | 59.1 | 88.2 | 25.0 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 23.9 | 21.0 | |
High | 87.1 | 64.3 | 57.1 | 49.3 | 31.4 | 50.0 | 24.8 | |
Membership in microcredit agency | ||||||||
Yes | 48.7 | 81.4 | 23.4*** | 17.0** | 23.9 | 20.1** | 19.0 | |
No | 57.7 | 80.4 | 39.0 | 29.3 | 23.9 | 32.9 | 21.5 | |
Mother's Education | ||||||||
None | 33.7*** | 81.1 | 15.9*** | 9.6*** | 15.2 | 16.0 | 11.1 | |
Some Primary | 45.7 | 71.0 | 27.0 | 14.7 | 28.4 | 26.2 | 29.9 | |
> Primary | 76.4 | 79.4 | 44.5 | 35.4 | 25.8 | 32.2 | 18.1 | |
Father's Education | ||||||||
None | 35.9*** | 79.5 | 19.6** | 10.7** | 16.0 | 17.1 | 15.9 | |
Some Primary | 54.7 | 90.9 | 36.2 | 26.8 | 39.2 | 27.0 | 22.2 | |
> Primary | 74.5 | 68.8 | 39.2 | 30.0 | 20.2 | 32.9 | 19.9 | |
Father's Occupation | ||||||||
Agriculture | 61.9 | 76.2 | 35.8 | 21.3 | 30.9 | 9.6*** | 16.0 | |
Unskilled labor | 49.8 | 70.3 | 21.1 | 12.9 | 19.4 | 18.6 | 17.9 | |
Skilled | 61.3 | 83.4 | 39.1 | 30.5 | 25.5 | 35.3 | 21.0 | |
Number of observations | 1261 | 1261 | 1261 | 1261 | 1261 | 1261 | 822 |
Multivariate Analysis
Indicator | Trained ANC provider vs untrained provider or no ANC | TT given vs not given | Trained Birth Attendant vs untrained or no attendant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-economic indicators
| ||||||
Relative Wealth: Poorest (reference) | ||||||
Quintile 2 | 1.28 | [0.73-2.22] | 0.48** | [0.25-0.92] | 2.58** | [1.12-5.91] |
Quintile 3 | 1.59 | [0.72-3.51] | 0.81 | [0.41-1.56] | 2.04 | [0.71-5.87] |
Quintile 4 | 1.70 | [0.70-4.11] | 0.78 | [0.28-2.20] | 1.68 | [0.45-6.19] |
Quintile 5 | 7.61*** | [2.21-26.16] | 0.42* | [0.16-1.09] | 10.99*** | [2.67-45.19] |
Credit group member | 1.74** | [1.05-2.89] | 0.95 | [0.49-1.83] | 1.03 | [0.52-2.04] |
Mother'r's Years of Schooling | ||||||
1-5 years | 1.00 | [0.56-1.78] | 0.60* | [0.34-1.05] | 1.35 | [0.73-2.50] |
more than 5 years | 2.65*** | [1.39-5.06] | 3.61*** | [1.43-9.08] | 2.49** | [1.23-5.05] |
Father'r's Years of Schooling | ||||||
1-5 years | 1.18 | [0.64-2.15] | 2.35** | [1.12-4.94] | 0.96 | [0.45-2.03] |
more than 5 years | 1.22 | [0.48-3.09] | 0.44* | [0.19-1.04] | 0.45* | [0.20-1.02] |
Father's occupation: Agriculture (reference) | ||||||
Unskilled labor | 0.89 | [0.41-1.91] | 1.32 | [0.51-3.40] | 1.52 | [0.67-3.47] |
Skilled occupation | 0.70 | [0.34-1.44] | 2.10 | [0.68-6.48] | 1.49 | [0.72-3.06] |
Media Exposure: none (reference) | ||||||
TV or Radio | 1.38 | [0.77-2.49] | 1.44 | [0.76-2.70] | 0.62 | [0.29-1.35] |
TV and Radio | 1.15 | [0.52-2.54] | 1.18 | [0.54-2.55] | 1.32 | [0.55-3.16] |
Other Indicators
| ||||||
Age: <20 (reference) | ||||||
20-39 | 0.76 | [0.36-1.61] | 1.06 | [0.40-2.80] | 2.65* | [0.96-7.37] |
40 + | 1.19 | [0.26-5.56] | 1.54 | [0.37-6.37] | 2.72 | [0.50-14.79] |
Total decision making score | 0.96 | [0.90-1.04] | 1.10** | [1.02-1.18] | 0.91*** | [0.86-0.97] |
Pharmacy in village | 1.28 | [0.58-2.83] | 0.57* | [0.29-1.10] | 1.53 | [0.80-2.93] |
Number of observations | 1212 | 1212 | 1212 |
Indicator | Trained PNC provider vs untrained provider or no PNC | Mother received Vit A postpartum vs no Vit A | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-economic indicators
| ||||
Relative Wealth: Poorest (reference) | ||||
Quintile 2 | 3.36** | [1.20-9.39] | 1.53 | [0.56-4.14] |
Quintile 3 | 2.58 | [0.73-9.06] | 1.15 | [0.38-3.54] |
Quintile 4 | 7.42** | [1.61-34.29] | 0.85 | [0.24-3.01] |
Quintile 5 | 34.93*** | [6.30-193.64] | 3.69** | [1.00-13.55] |
Credit group member | 1.53 | [0.64-3.67] | 1.52 | [0.77-3.01] |
Mother's Education: none (reference) | ||||
1-5 years | 0.60 | [0.25-1.42] | 1.68 | [0.74-3.84] |
more than 5 years | 2.14* | [0.93-4.93] | 1.80 | [0.64-5.06] |
Father's Education: none (reference) | ||||
1-5 years | 0.94 | [0.42-2.08] | 2.64*** | [1.29-5.38] |
more than 5 years | 0.34* | [0.11-1.04] | 0.54 | [0.18-1.60] |
Father's occupation: Agriculture (reference) | ||||
Unskilled labor | 1.18 | [0.40-3.52] | 1.19 | [0.41-3.41] |
Skilled occupation | 0.97 | [0.36-2.65] | 1.12 | [0.33-3.74] |
Media Exposure: none (reference) | ||||
TV or Radio | 1.41 | [0.37-5.41] | 1.73 | [0.78-3.84] |
TV and Radio | 3.28* | [0.87-12.40] | 1.19 | [0.45-3.14] |
Other Indicators
| ||||
Age: <20 (reference) | ||||
20-39 | 2.63 | [0.70-9.90] | 1.42 | [0.57-3.55] |
40 + | 0.94 | [0.10-9.19] | 0.38 | [0.08-1.92] |
Total decision making score | 0.96 | [0.89-1.04] | 0.97 | [0.89-1.06] |
Pharmacy in village | 2.17* | [0.86-5.48] | 1.06 | [0.49-2.28] |
Observations | 1212 | 1212 |
Indicator | Newborn health checkup vs no checkup | Child treated by trained provider vs treated by untrained provider or not treated during recent fever/cough illness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-economic indicators
| ||||
Relative Wealth: Poorest (reference) | ||||
Quintile 2 | 2.40** | [1.08-5.33] | 4.83*** | [1.93-12.05] |
Quintile 3 | 2.58** | [1.01-6.59] | 3.18** | [1.19-8.49] |
Quintile 4 | 5.59*** | [1.83-17.07] | 7.36*** | [1.95-27.86] |
Quintile 5 | 21.33*** | [5.77-78.88] | 23.90*** | [4.67-122.42] |
Credit group member | 1.04 | [0.54-2.01] | 1.37 | [0.68-2.78] |
Mother's Education: none (reference) | ||||
1-5 years | 0.93 | [0.44-2.00] | 3.24** | [1.30-8.10] |
more than 5 years | 0.89 | [0.35-2.24] | 2.35 | [0.76-7.25] |
Father's Education: none (reference) | ||||
1-5 years | 0.70 | [0.38-1.29] | 1.27 | [0.52-3.13] |
more than 5 years | 0.53 | [0.22-1.26] | 0.77 | [0.24-2.49] |
Father's occupation: Agriculture (reference) | ||||
Unskilled labor | 5.49* | [0.96-31.35] | 2.15 | [0.50-9.22] |
Skilled occupation | 4.86* | [0.96-24.62] | 2.04 | [0.48-8.75] |
Media Exposure: none (reference) | ||||
TV or Radio | 0.99 | [0.37-2.64] | 0.14*** | [0.05-0.41] |
TV and Radio | 1.56 | [0.58-4.19] | 0.10*** | [0.03-0.33] |
Other Indicators
| ||||
Age: <20 (reference) | ||||
20-39 | 1.39 | [0.49-3.92] | 1.27 | [0.40-4.06] |
40 + | 0.63 | [0.10-4.02] | 0.13* | [0.01-1.16] |
Total decision making score | 0.97 | [0.90-1.05] | 1.17*** | [1.06-1.29] |
Pharmacy in village | 1.72 | [0.67-4.38] | 0.56 | [0.26-1.20] |
Observations | 1212 | 788 |