Background
Methods
Classification of chronic conditions
Chronic condition groups | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | No chronic condition (n = 2,639) | One or more Chronic conditions (n = 17,314) | Respiratory disorders (n = 2,722) | Musculo- skeletal disorders (n = 11,473) | Cardio- vascular disorders (n = 10,741) | Diabetes (n = 2,754) | Urinary or bowel disorders (n = 2,399) | Stroke (n = 894) |
Activity | ||||||||
≥ 1,000 Kcal/week | 35.1% | 25.8% | 20.7% | 24.8% | 24.7% | 24.3% | 20.0% | 17.2% |
Age | ||||||||
65 – 74 yrs | 69.7% | 58.3% | 58.1% | 57.4% | 56.3% | 61.2% | 48.9% | 43.1% |
75 – 79 yrs | 17.1% | 21.2% | 22.2% | 21.3% | 22.5% | 21.8% | 21.9% | 26.4% |
> 84 yrs | 13.2% | 20.5% | 19.7% | 21.3% | 21.2% | 17.0% | 29.2% | 30.5% |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 46.2% | 59.6% | 56.9% | 65.0% | 59.1% | 50.8% | 68.3% | 50.7% |
Smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 16.7% | 11.6% | 15.6% | 11.8% | 10.1% | 9.0% | 11.6% | 11.5% |
Alcohol use | ||||||||
Does not use alcohol | 28.0% | 34.4% | 37.8% | 34.5% | 36.0% | 47.1% | 37.2% | 44.8% |
< 2 times/month | 18.2% | 21.7% | 20.3% | 22.3% | 21.7% | 21.7% | 24.6% | 19.8% |
2 to 3 times/month | 14.4% | 12.9% | 11.9% | 12.8% | 12.8% | 10.3% | 12.5% | 10.8% |
> 3 times/month | 39.4% | 31.0% | 30.1% | 30.4% | 29.5% | 21.0% | 25.7% | 24.7% |
Obesity | ||||||||
BMI < 18.5 | 55.6% | 42.5% | 42.3% | 40.6% | 39.7% | 30.9% | 41.8% | 46.2% |
BMI 18.5 – 25 | 2.8% | 3.1% | 4.4% | 3.1% | 2.6% | 1.2% | 3.3% | 4.8% |
BMI ≥ 25 | 41.7% | 54.4% | 53.4% | 56.2% | 57.8% | 67.9% | 55.0% | 49.0% |
Dependent variables
Variable | No chronic condition (n = 2,639) | One or more chronic conditions (n = 17,314) | Odds ratio1
(95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Mobility | |||
No difficulty walking (referent) | 97.1% | 84.0% | 1.00 |
Difficulty walking or unable to walk | 2.9% | 16.0% | 6.4 (4.7 – 8.7) |
Dexterity | |||
Full use of hands and fingers (referent) | 99.8% | 97.8% | 1.00 |
Any limitation in the use of hands or fingers | 0.2% | 2.2% | 9.6 (3.7 – 24.9) |
Emotion | |||
Happy or somewhat happy (referent) | 98.7% | 94.7% | 1.00 |
Somewhat or very unhappy | 1.3% | 5.4% | 4.3 (2.7 – 6.8) |
Cognition | |||
No cognitive limitations (referent) | 80.6% | 66.7% | 1.00 |
Any cognitive limitations | 19.4% | 33.3% | 2.1 (1.8 – 2.4) |
Pain | |||
Free of pain or discomfort (referent) | 94.9% | 69.3% | 1.00 |
Mild, moderate, or severe pain | 5.1% | 30.7% | 8.3 (6.2 – 11.0) |
Independent variables
Analytical approach
Results
Sample description and bivariate associations
Multivariate analysis results
Dependent variables | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | HUI total score b(se) | Mobility OR (95% CI) | Pain OR (95% CI) | Emotion OR (95% CI) | Physical activity OR (95% CI) |
Physical activity (referent = ≥ 1,000 Kcal/week) | |||||
< 1,000 Kcal/week | -0.07 (0.00) | 3.6 (4.3 – 3.0) | 1.5 (1.7 – 1.3) | 2.2 (1.6 – 3.0) | - |
Age (referent = 65 – 74 yrs) | |||||
75 – 84 yrs | -0.04 (0.01) | 2.0 (1.8 – 2.4) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.5) | 1.6 (1.4 – 1.9) |
> 84 yrs | -0.12 (0.01) | 4.9 (4.2 – 5.6) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 1.3 (1.0 – 1.6) | 2.3 (2.0 – 2.6) |
Sex (referent = male) | |||||
Female | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) | 2.3 (2.1 – 2.6) |
Smoking status (referent = does not smoke) | |||||
Smokes daily or occasionally | -0.04 (0.01) | 1.5 (1.2 – 1.8) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.4) | 1.8 (1.4 – 2.3) | 2.0 (1.7 – 2.3) |
Alcohol use (referent = does not use alcohol) | |||||
Less than two times/month | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7 – 1.0) |
Two or three times/month | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.6 (0.5 – 0.7) | 0.8 (0.6 – 0.9) | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.8) |
Four or more times/month | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.6 (0.5 – 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.8) | 0.4 (0.3 – 0.6) | 0.6 (0.5 – 0.6) |
Obesity (referent = between 18.5 and 25) | |||||
Less than 18.5 | -0.06 (0.02) | 1.6 (1.2 – 2.2) | 1.4 (1.1 – 1.8) | 2.1 (1.4 – 3.2) | 3.7 (2.6 – 5.4) |
More than or equal to 25 | -0.01 (0.00) | 1.5 (1.3 – 1.7) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.1) |
Chronic condition(s) (referent = no chronic conditions) | |||||
One or more chronic conditions | -0.13 (0.00) | 5.1 (3.8 – 7.0) | 7.6 (5.7 – 10.1) | 4.0 (2.5 – 6.3) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.5) |
Indirect effect1
| -0.02 (0.01) | 1.4 (1.2 – 1.7) | 1.1 (1.1 – 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.2) | - |
% mediated by physical activity2
| 14% | 18% | 5% | 13% | - |
R2 (LR R2) | 12% | (15%) | (6%) | (6%) | (8%) |
Likelihood ratio chi-square (Df = 11) | n/a | 2,358.59 | 1,444.94 | 423.90 | 1,878.80 |
HUI3 attributes (dependent variables) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Dexterity OR (95% CI) | Emotional wellbeing OR (95% CI) | Cognition OR (95% CI) | Pain OR (95% CI) | Mobility OR (95% CI) |
Musculoskeletal disorders versus no chronic condition (n = 14,112)1
| 11.0 (4.3 – 28.5) | 4.7 (2.9 – 7.6) | 2.2 (2.0 – 2.5) | 12.0 (9.0 – 16.1) | 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 1.5 (1.0 – 2.3) | 2.3 (1.6 – 3.3) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.3) | 1.4 (1.2 – 1.7) | 3.7 (3.0 – 4.5) |
% mediation3
| 5% | 13%* | 4% | 4%* | 16%* |
Respiratory disorders versus no chronic condition (n = 5,361)1
| 10.4 (3.7 – 28.9) | 5.0 (3.0 – 8.1) | 2.2 (1.8 – 2.6) | 10.7 (8.0 – 14.5) | 7.6 (5.4 – 10.7) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 0.8 (0.4 – 1.5) | 2.0 (0.9 – 4.5) | 1.2 (1.0 – 1.5) | 1.4 (1.0 – 1.8) | 3.9 (2.5 – 6.0) |
% mediation3
| 0% | 20% | 13% | 7% | 27%* |
Cardiovascular disorders versus no chronic condition (n = 13,380)1
| 7.8 (3.0 – 20.0) | 4.0 (2.5 – 6.4) | 1.9 (1.7 – 2.2) | 7.2 (5.4 – 9.5) | 5.6 (4.1 – 7.7) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 1.4 (0.9 – 2.2) | 2.1 (1.4 – 3.2) | 1.2 (1.0 – 1.3) | 1.6 (1.3 – 1.9) | 3.3 (2.6 – 4.1) |
% mediation3
| 5% | 16%* | 7% | 8%* | 19%* |
Diabetes versus no chronic condition (n = 5,393)1
| 10.6 (4.3 – 26.5) | 5.0 (3.0 – 8.5) | 1.9 (1.6 – 2.3) | 7.1 (5.2 – 9.7) | 6.6 (4.8 – 9.2) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 1.2 (0.5 – 3.1) | 1.9 (0.8 – 4.1) | 1.2 (1.0 – 1.5) | 1.7 (1.3 – 2.3) | 3.5 (2.3 – 5.3) |
% mediation3
| 3% | 13% | 10% | 10%* | 21%* |
"Suffering the effects of a stroke" versus no chronic condition (n = 3,533)1
| 24.9 (7.9 – 78.1) | 9.4 (5.1 – 17.5) | 3.4 (2.7 – 4.3) | 12.4 (8.7 – 17.7) | 18.2 (12.7 – 26.1) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 0.6 (0.2 – 2.4) | 1.2 (0.4 – 3.6) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.4) | 1.3 (0.8 – 2.0) | 2.6 (1.5 – 4.6) |
% mediation3
| 0% | 5% | 3% | 7% | 20%* |
Urinary or bowel disorders versus no chronic condition (n = 5,038)1
| 15.3 (5.8 – 40.5) | 7.7 (4.5 – 13.1) | 3.1 (2.6 – 3.8) | 14.4 (10.5 – 19.7) | 9.9 (7.1 – 13.9) |
Physical activity < 1,000 Kcal/week2
| 1.0 (0.6 – 1.8) | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.1) | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.4) | 2.0 (1.5 – 2.7) | 2.9 (2.0 – 4.2) |
% mediation3
| 0% | 4% | 6% | 12%* | 20%* |