Background
Methods
Recruitment
Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Concept elicitation and content validation
Transcription/translation
Results and discussion
Country | Number of focus groups | Total number of subjects |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | 50 |
Brazil | 1 (plus 10 individual in-depth interviews)a | 16 |
China | 2 | 18 |
Finland | 2 | 17 |
Spain | 2 | 16 |
Japan | 2 | 13 |
Demographic Information | U.S. (N = 50) | Brazil (N = 16) | China (N = 18) | Finland (N = 17) | Spain (N = 16) | Japan (N = 13) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Gender
| ||||||
- Female | 24 (48) | 9 (56) | 8 (44) | 11 (65) | 13 (81) | 5 (38) |
- Male | 26 (52) | 6 (38) | 9 (50) | 6 (35) | 3 (19) | 8 (62) |
- Missing Data | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Age
| ||||||
- Range | 19–81 years | 50–76 years | 28–61 years | 43–90 years | 23–78 years | 54–80 years |
- Mean | 52 years | 62 years | 47 years | 70 years | 66 years | 66 years |
- Median | 51 years | 61 years | 66 years | 61 years | 72 years | 64 years |
Education*
| ||||||
- Less than high school | 4 (8) | 9 (56) | 9 (50) | 15 (88) | 10 (63) | 3 (23) |
- High school diploma/Some college | 28 (56) | 7 (44) | 3 (17) | -- | 4 (25) | 5 (38) |
- College or university degree (2 or 4 year) | 16 (32) | -- | 6 (33) | -- | 2 (12) | 4 (31) |
Marital Status**
| ||||||
- Married | 31 (62) | 10 (63) | 18 (100) | 10 (59) | 9 (56) | 12 (92) |
- Not married | 19 (38) | 6 (37) | -- | 7 (41) | 7 (44) | -- |
Health Information | U.S. (N = 50) | Brazil (N = 16) | China (N = 18) | Finland (N = 17) | Spain (N = 16) | Japan (N = 13) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Type of Neuropathic Pain
| ||||||
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | 18 (36) | 14 (88) | 5 (28) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 5 (38) |
- Post-Herpetic Neuralgia | 10 (20) | 1 (6) | 6 (33) | 5 (29) | 10 (63) | 8 (62) |
- Trigeminal Neuralgia | 8 (16) | 1 (6) | 7 (39) | 12 (71) | 4 (25) | 0 (0) |
- Sciatica | 14 (28) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
- Missing data | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) |
Clinician-rated pain level
| ||||||
- Mild | 15 (30) | 3 (19) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (23) |
- Moderate | 26 (52) | 12 (75) | 13 (72) | 1 (6) | 9 (56) | 6 (46) |
- Severe | 9 (18) | 1 (6) | 4 (22) | 16 (94) | 7 (44) | 4 (31) |
Pre-focus group findings
Neuropathic Pain Sensations of Included in the NPSI | Sensations of Neuropathic Pain Reported on Pre-Focus Group Questionnaire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S.
(n = 50)
|
Brazil
(n = 16)
|
China
(n = 18)
|
Finland
(n = 17)
|
Spain
(n = 16)
|
Japan
(n = 13)
| |
Burning | 12 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Squeezing | -- | -- | -- | 3 | -- | -- |
Pressure | 1 | -- | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Electric Shocks | 5 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 5 |
Stabbing | 5 | -- | 7 | -- | 5 | 1 |
Pins and Needles | 5 | -- | 1 | 5 | -- | 6 |
Tingling | 6 | 5 | 11 | 2 | -- | -- |
Non-NPSI Sensations
| ||||||
Numbness | 9 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Prickling | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 |
Itchiness | 7 | -- | -- | -- | 8 | 4 |
Sharp | 9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Shooting | 5 | -- | -- | 3 | -- | -- |
Throbbing | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Stinging | 4 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Piercing | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Cramps | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
Cutting | -- | -- | 3 | 5 | -- | -- |
Hot | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | -- |
Pulsating | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
Drilling | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
Focus group findings
Phase 1
Sensations of Neuropathic Pain Included in the NPSI | Sensations of Neuropathic Pain Spontaneously Mentioned by Subjects During the Focus Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S.
(n = 50)
|
Brazil
(n = 16)
|
China
(n = 18)
|
Finland
(n = 17)
|
Spain
(n = 16)
|
Japan
(n = 13)
| |
Burning | 14 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 11 | -- |
Squeezing | 1 | -- | -- | 5 | -- | 1 |
Pressure | 6 | 3 | -- | 5 | 5 | 2 |
Electric Shocks | 10 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 15 | 6 |
Stabbing | 6 | 2 | -- | 1 | 8 | 3 |
Pins and Needles | 8 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
Tingling | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 |