Background
Methods
Results
Species | Source | Use(s) | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Canis lupus (wolf) | T1 p. 107 | gout, body aches, blisters, wounds | rub fat directly on affected area | |
C: [10] | ||||
T1 p. 107 | wounds, wolf bite | pour gall on wound, wrap with adipose tissue | ||
C: [11] | ||||
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) | T1 p. 127 | dog bite | rub blood of dog on wound* | |
T2 XXXVII | pregnancy cravings | pass partially chewed food to a female dog* | ||
B: [14] | ||||
T2 II | recovering from various diseases | the presence of a dog will draw away illness* | B: [14] | |
Delichon urbicum (house martin) | T1 p. 125 | hemorrhage during childbrith | drink house martin nest litter boiled in milk** | |
Dytiscus sp. (diving beetle) | T1 p. 123 | causes fatal illness if swallowed | use a straw made from reindeer antler or bird bone to drink water from streams, if swallowed induce vomiting with rotten fish entrails, or a reindeer tendon | |
Homo sapiens (human) | T1 p. 121 | sore throat | drink a spoonful of urine and stretch and rub neck in every direction | |
C: [24] | ||||
T1 p. 128 | difficult labor | have the mother drink the urine of the father and say his name** | ||
C: [24] | ||||
T2 XVI | unreciprocated love | have the person consume some of your sweat* | ||
T2 XVI | unreciprocated love | have the person consume a couple drops of your blood* | ||
T2 XVI | unreciprocated love | have the person consume a few scales from your foot* | ||
Ovis aries (sheep) | T1 p. 121 | sore throat | rub turpentine on neck and then wrap in a woolen kerchief overnight | |
T1 p. 125 | strained tendon | wrap affected limb in unwashed woolen yarn** | ||
T1 p. 129 | inability to pass afterbirth | place a hot compress of sand and ash wrapped in woolen fabric just below mother’s chest | ||
C: [20] | ||||
Pediculus humanus (lice) | T1 p. 126 | jaundice | secretly feed the affected person nine lice in buttered frybread or gruel* | |
Rana temporaria (frog) | T1 p. 122 | sore throat | find a frog with white markings, dry in a saltbin, cut into pieces, cook in milk, and then drink | |
T1 p. 122 | skin eruptions | rub a frog with white markings directly on the affected area** | " | |
T1 p. 122 | healing hand | catch a frog and have it urinate on your hand, the hand can be used to relieve pain* | " | |
T1 p. 123 | thrush | press a frog with white markings on the tongue | " | |
T1 p. 123 | stomach ailments | cook a frog with white markings in milk and drink | " | |
T1 p. 123 | eggs cause fatal illness if swallowed | if eggs are swallowed induce vomiting with rotten fish entrails, or a reindeer tendon | ||
Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) | T1 p. 22 | healthy drink | add reindeer milk and sorrel (Rumex acetosa) to hot water | |
T1 p. 24 | nutrition for baby when no milk is available | give baby reindeer fat to suck on | ||
T1 p. 55 | stomach ailments | boil reindeer brains with pine bark and fat and then ingest | A: [12] | |
C: [47] | ||||
T1 p. 123 | induces vomiting | force a tendon from a reindeer’s leg down the throat | ||
T1 p. 124 | swelling | rub reindeer fat (sometimes mixed with flecks of copper) onto swelling | A: [12] | |
T1 p. 125 | chills | drink reindeer blood | ||
T1 p. 126 | sore tooth or gland | press a heated reindeer jawbone on the affected area* | B: [14] | |
T1 p. 127 | wounds | rub reindeer cheese on the affected area | A: [12] | |
T1 p. 128 | inability to pass afterbirth | give woman reindeer butter to eat | ||
T1 p. 129 | inability to pass afterbirth | grind up downy birch buds (Betulina pubescens), mix with hot reindeer milk, sorrel, and water, and give to mother to drink | A: [12] | |
T1 p. 169 | burns | apply reindeer bone marrow to affected area | A: [12] | |
C: [52] | ||||
T2 XXXVI | sprained tendon | wrap a reindeer tendon around the affected limb | A: [12] | |
Ursus arctos (brown bear) | T1 p. 98 | heart problems and internal ailments | drink bear gall | |
T1 p. 98 | wounds | pour bear gall on affected area | " | |
T1 p. 98 | throat rash | pour milk through a bear trachea three times and then drink the milk* | A: [12] | |
B: [14] | ||||
T1 p. 98 | gout, body aches, blisters, wounds | cover affected area in bear fat | A: [12] | |
C: [10] | ||||
T1 p. 126 | sore tooth or gland | press a bear tooth on the affected area | ||
B: [14] | ||||
Miscellaneous
| ||||
Rotten fish entrails | T1 p. 123 | swallowed frog eggs or diving beetle | give rotten fish entrails to a person for ingestion, which will induce vomiting | |
Animals and birds for divination | T1,T2 p. 111–112, XI | prediction of weath, luck, impending death | examining patterns in bird and animal behavior* | |
Snakestone | T1 p. 115 | maintaining good luck in legal matters | steal a snakestone* |
Species | Source | Use(s) | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Angelica archangelica (wild celery) | T1 p. 54 | milk stabilizer and supplement | add young plants (Sami: fadno) to milk | |
T1 p. 54 | food source | flavor old plants (Sami: boska) with salt and eat | ||
Betula pubescens (downy birch) | T1 p. 125 | itchy skin | rub affected area with ashes | A: [12] |
B: [58] | ||||
C: [51] | ||||
T1 p. 129 | inability to pass afterbirth | grind up downy birch buds (Betulina pubescens), mix with hot reindeer milk, sorrel, and water, and give to mother to drink | A: [12] | |
Betula sp.(birch) | T1 p. 54 | coffee preparation (a drink) | use a bracket fungus, grain, and birch sap (Betula sp.) | |
T1 p. 124 | swelling and drawing out pus from a boil | apply a thin layer of birch bark (Betula sp.) to the affected area | A: [12] | |
B: [58] | ||||
Coffea arabica (coffee) | T1 p. 121 | headaches | massage head and neck, pull hair at the apex of the head, wash the head in hot coffee | A: [12] |
C: [61] | ||||
Ferula assafoetida (stinking assa) | T2 XXXIX | parasites in dogs | give the dog stinking assa (Ferula assafoetida) and sulfur to eat | |
B: [62] | ||||
Lichen (sod) | T2 XVIII | earth bostta | rub a piece of sod (possibly including lichens) on affected area | B: [58] |
(Usnea sp.) | T1 p. 54 | bread preparation | use beard lichen (Usnea sp.), other lichens, inner bark of a pine tree (Pinus sylvestris), with a little flour added | |
C: [47] | ||||
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) | T1 p. 54 | bread preparation | use beard moss (Usnea sp.), lichens, inner bark of a pine tree (Pinus sylvestris), with a little flour added | A: [12] |
C: [47] | ||||
T1 p. 55 | stomach ailments | boil reindeer brains with pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) and fat and then ingest | ||
C: [47] | ||||
Piptoporus betulinus (birch polypore) | T2 XXXV | toothache, fractures, rheumatism, headache, pneumonia | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | |
B: [58] | ||||
C: [72] | ||||
Rumex acetosa (sorrel) | T1 p. 22 | healthy drink | add reindeer milk and sorrel (Rumex acetosa) to hot water | |
Taphrina betulina (witch’s broom) | T1 p. 125 | itchy skin | boil witch’s broom (Taphrina betulina) in water and then rub the preparation on the affected area | A: [12] |
Miscellaneous
| ||||
leaves from nine different kinds of trees | T1 p. 125 | itchy skin and many other ailments | boil all leaves together and apply the mixture to the affected area | B: [58] |
Compound | Source | Use(s) | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
alcohol
| T1 p. 58 | Turi says it is a substance which causes great harm | ingestion | |
ash/sand
| T1 p. 129 | inability to pass afterbirth | place a hot compress of sand and ash wrapped in woolen fabric just below mother’s chest | |
copper
| T1 p. 124 | swelling | mix flecks of copper into reindeer fat and apply to swelling | |
mercury (quicksilver) | T1 p. 127 | broken bones, contusions, shooting pains, severe diarrhea | swallow a spoonful of quicksilver** | |
B: [74] | ||||
T1 p. 127 | sties and other eye ailments | apply quicksilver to affected area | " | |
T1 p. 127 | protects against ghosts | carrying quicksilver* | ||
Muscovite (fox gold, yellow mica) | T1 p. 128 | joint problems | grind the muscovite as fine as flour, mix in water, and then drink* | B: [76] |
C: [77] | ||||
silver
| T1 p. 120 | excessive bleeding | press the bleeding vessel with a silver coin* | |
T1 p. 170 | pain relief | press silver to affected area* | ||
B: [14] | ||||
snakestone
| T1 p. 115 | skill at law | steal a snakestone from where snakes breed* | |
soot (carbon or copper oxides) | T1 p. 124 | male urinary blockage | rub soot from the bottom of a copper kettle on the outside of the penis | |
strychnine
| T1 p. 94 | wolf poison | put strychnine mixed with lead shavings or inside a tallow plug in chunks of reindeer meat | |
sulfur
| T2 XXXIX | parasites in dogs | give the dog stinking assa (Ferula asafetida) and sulfur to eat | A: [13] |
C: [78] |
Ailment | Source | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|
appetite loss | T1 p. 119 | let blood from above the foot* | |
B: [79] | |||
backaches | T1 p. 126 | massage the area, pull and stretch the skin | |
bleeding, hemorrhage | T1, T2 p. 129, XXV, XXXI | recite an incantation** | A: [29] |
body aches (hip, back, chest, shoulder, shooting pains) | T1, T2 p. 119, XXVIII | let blood from specific areas of the body* | |
B: [79] | |||
boils | T2 XXIX | recite an incantation** | |
bostta
| T1, T2 p. 122, 128, XVIII, XIX | (see below) | A: [12] |
dead body bostta (from touching a dead person’s clothing or smelling their corpse) | T2 XVIII | recite an incantation** | |
dead body bostta (from ingestion of corpse fluid) | T2 XVIII | none provided | |
dry-earth bostta (psoriasis?) | T2 XVIII | rub a piece of sod (possibly a lichen) on affected area** | |
earth bostta (infectious disease?) | T2 XVIII | rub a piece of sod (possibly a lichen) on affected area** | |
old-maid bostta (unknown) | T2 XVIII | press the sick spot with the old-maid’s clothes and recite an incantation** | B: [14] |
wet-earth bostta (small pox, chicken pox, eczema?) | T2 XVIII | rub a piece of sod (possibly a lichen) on affected area** | |
wind bostta (genetic condition, maybe eczema?) | T2 XVIII | recite an incantation** | |
chest pain | T1 p. 119 | let blood from above the foot* | |
B: [79] | |||
childbirth | T1, T2 p. 24, 128–129 XXXVIII | advice and various techniques provided (see other tables)** | |
constipation | T1 p. 124 | administer an edema of oatmeal and warm water, or reindeer bone fat and warm water | |
coughing | T1 p. 126 | cool soles of patient’s feet with ice and then heat them up as hot as the patient can stand | |
dislocated joints and fractures | T1 p. 167 | cool the affected bones in a stream until numb then set the bones to the proper positions, secure with a splint | A: [13] |
drowning | T1 p. 127 | lay victim so water can drain out of the lungs, be quiet so as to not frighten the life spirit, massage the victim | A: [83] |
C: [84] | |||
fainting | T1 p. 120 | burn undergarments, let blood from nine different locations* | |
T1 p. 127 | flap victim’s arms up and down | A: [83] | |
C: [85] | |||
fractures | T2 XXXV | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | A: [12] |
frostbite | T1 p. 124 | massage affected area with subsurface snow until it becomes red again | A: [12] |
gout | T1 p. 120 | let blood from the outer side of the leg, arm, and ankle | |
B: [79] | |||
headache | T1 p. 121 | massage head and neck, pull hair at the apex of the head, wash the head in hot coffee | |
T2 XXXV | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | A: [12] | |
nausea | T1 p. 127 | measure the belt of the affected person (to induce vomiting) | A: [13] |
pneumonia | T2 XXXV | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) on body | A: [12] |
pregnancy cravings | T2 XXXVII | pass partially chewed food to a female dog* | A: [12] |
B: [14] | |||
C: [16] | |||
rheumatism | T2 XXXV | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | A: [12] |
startling | T1 p. 120 | bleed three small amounts of blood from the “heart artery,” if bleeding persists, press with silver coin* | |
B: [79] | |||
strained spermatic cords | T1 p. 126 | rub gently in an upward direction | A; [12] |
strained tendons | T2 XXVI | wrap with wool and recite an incantation** | A: [12] |
C: [33] | |||
swelling | T1 p. 124 | mix flecks of copper into reindeer fat and apply to swelling | |
T1 p. 124 | apply a thin layer of birch bark (Betula sp.) to the affected area | A: [12] | |
T2 XXXIV | burn a small piece of sailcloth on affected area | A: [12] | |
swelling explanation | T2 XXI, XXVII | an invasion of cold, heat, water, or perspiration into a wound, can use magic to prevent* | B: [7] |
toothache | T1 p. 121 | stab the sore gland near tooth with an awl, release at least three drops of blood | A: [12] |
C: [86] | |||
toothache | T1 p. 126 | rub both sides of throat, all around the mouth, neck tendons, and back tendons | |
toothache | T2 XXXV | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | |
unconscious infant (strangled by umbilical cord) | T1 p. 24 | suck on mouth and nose, leave cord intact | |
urinary stoppage (female) | T1 p. 124 | administer an edema of oatmeal and warm water, or reindeer bone fat and warm water | A: [12] |
urinary stoppage (male) | T1 p. 124 | rub soot from the bottom of a copper kettle on the outside of the penis | A: [12] |
wound caused by iron | T2 XXXI | recite an incantation** | A: [29] |
Method | Source | Use(s) | Method summary | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
bloodletting | T1 p. 119 | aches and pains of hip, back, chest, headache, shoulder, and acute shooting pains in other parts of the body | bloodletting at specific locations* | |
B: [79] | ||||
cupping | T1 p. 120 | for various sorts of headache, back and chest pain, toothaches, and sore legs | cupping at specific locations using an animal horn* | |
divination | T1, T2 p. 111–112, XI | prediction of weath, luck, impending death | divination by examining bird and animal behavior* | |
T1 p. 135 | to see what is happening at different places | divination by looking into alcoholic beverages* | ||
edema | T1 p. 124 | constipation, urinary stoppage | application of an edema made from either oatmeal and warm water or reindeer bone fat and warm water | |
lancing | T1 p. 121 | toothache | stab the sore gland near tooth with an awl, release at least three drops of blood | A: [12] |
magic | T2 L | preventing misfortune | recite an incantation** | |
magic (harm) | T1, T2 p. 133–137,III, V-XIV, XLXLVII, LIV, LV | invoking supernatural aggression | recruit the help of a noaidi spirit worker* | |
magic (ingestion of human subtances) | T2 XIII, XVI, XLVIII | unreciprocated love | secretly give a small amount of blood, skin, or sweat to a person to eat to make them fall in love* | A: [29] |
magic (object) | T1 p. 115 | maintaining good luck in legal matters | steal a snakestone* | |
magic (offerings) | T1 p. 13, 111, 134 | maintaining good luck | leave offerings of reindeer carcasses, fish fat, and other precious objects at sacred sites* | |
magic (offerings) | T1, T2 p. 85, 156, 159,167, I-III | maintaining good luck | leave offerings of brass, gold, or silver coins at sacred sites, or pour portions of coffee or liquor into the ground* | |
magic (words and transference) | T2 XXIX | boils | recite an incantation and press a key on top of the boil** | |
B: [14] | ||||
magic (words) | T2 XXXI | wounds caused by an iron weapon | recite an incantation to accelerate healing** | |
T1, T2 p. 125, XXII | many ailments | recite an incantation, however, not many people are skilled in this area** | ||
T1 p. 125 | hemorrhage in chilbirth | recite an incantation along with the administration of bird nest litter boiled in milk** | ||
T1 p. 128 | abscesses and tumors | recite an incantation** | ||
T1 p. 128 | difficult labor during childbirth | have the mother say the father’s name and drink some of his urine** | C: [24] | |
T1 p. 44 | prevention of bewitchment on Christmas Eve | recite sections of the Bible by heart** | ||
T1 p. 104 | driving wolves away | cut a square out of a fresh wolf snow print and recite an incantation** | ||
T1 p. 122 | skin eruptions | recite an incantation while rubbing a frog on the affected area** | A: [36] | |
B: [41] | ||||
T2 XV | exorcising ghosts | recite an incantation** | ||
T2 XVIII, XIX, XXIII | treating bostta | recite an incantation** | " | |
T2 XXI | swelling | recite an incantation** | " | |
T2 XXX | contusions | recite an incantation** | " | |
T2 XXV | staunching bleeding | recite an incantation** | " | |
T2 XXVI | strained tendons | recite an incantation** | " | |
T2 XXVIII | body aches | recite an incantation** | " | |
massage | T1 p. 124 | frostbite | rub the affected area with subsurface snow (“corn snow”) | |
T1 p. 126 | strained spermatic cords | rub gently in an upward direction | A: [12] | |
T1 p. 126 | backache | massage the area, pull and stretch the skin | ||
T1 p. 126 | toothache | rub both sides of throat, all around the mouth, neck tendons, and back tendons | ||
moxibustion | T2 XXXIV | swelling | burn a small piece of sailcloth on the affected area | A: [12] |
T2 XXXV | toothache, rheumatism, fracture,headache, pneumonia | burn a small amount of fungus (Piptoporus betulinus) directly on the affected area | ||
physical manipulation | T1 p. 167 | dislocated joints and fractures | cool the affected bones in a stream until numb then set the bones to the proper positions, secure with a splint | |
poisoning | T2 XXXIII, XLVI | source of poison | collect fluids from a dead body and use as an oral poison | |
resuscitation | T1 p. 24 | unconscious infant (strangled by umbilical cord) | suck on mouth and nose, leave cord intact | |
T1 p. 127 | fainting | flap victim’s arms up and down | A: [83] | |
C: [85] | ||||
transference | T2 XXXV | toothache | press a bear’s tooth or reindeer jawbone on the affected area* | |
B: [14] | ||||
T2 XXXVII | pregnancy cravings | pass partially chewed food to female dog* | ||
B: [14] | ||||
C: [16] | ||||
vomition | T1 p. 123 | after having swallowed frog eggs or a diving beetle | use rotten fish entrails or a reindeer tendon to induce vomiting |
Species | Source | Disease | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) | T1 p. 31 | dieigečalbmi: eyes turn white, can cause blindness, exacerbated by insects (keratitis?) | place a louse and sometimes sulfur in the affected eye | A: [13] |
T1 p. 31 | no Sami name given: circling disease (listeriosis?) | boil bark in water until it is as thick as tar, then smear on the affected area | ||
T1 p. 31- 32 | ruodnu: reindeer walks around like it is about to urinate but nothing comes out, pus in urethra, bladder, and intestines (cystitis or pyelonephritis?) | boil fish oil, butter, tar, and gunpowder in water and then pour the mixture down the animal’s throat | ||
T1 p. 31- 32 | livzzavihki: emaciated, rear end sags (parasitic infection by Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) | boil bark in water until it is as thick as tar, then smear on the affected area | ||
T1 p. 31-32 | čagarvihki: swelling of reindeer penis (urolithiasis?) | boil bark in water until it is as thick as tar, then smear on the affected area | ||
T1 p. 31-32 | njunnevihki: muzzle develops scabs, spreads to tongue and mouth, and then to the throat and lungs, fatal (Aphtae epizooticae “foot-and-mouth disease”?) | boil bark in water until it is as thick as tar, then smear on the affected area | ||
T1 p. 31-32 | geardni: udder develops scabs and swells, eventually falling off. Scabs spread to mouth and lungs and kills the animal (Aphtae epizooticae “footand-mouth disease”?) | take hoof fat and boil it with pine or fir resin, then rub the affected areas with the mixture | ||
T1 p. 31-32 | šlubbu: swelling and pus in hoof (infectious pododermatitis?) | boil bark in water until it is as thick as tar, then smear on the affected area | ||
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) | T2 XXXIX | dog madness (rabies?) | remove a “worm” from under the dog’s tongue* | |
T2 XXXIX | parasitic infection | give the dog stinking assa (Ferula assafoetida) and sulfur to eat | ||
B: [62] | ||||