Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Typ-2-Diabetes und Adipositas Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Häufige urologisch-sexualmedizinische Themen in der Praxis sind das Thema des MMW-Webinars am 5. Juni von 17.30 bis 19 Uhr. Konkret geht es um die Frage, wann bei Harnwegsinfektionen auf Antibiotika verzichtet werden kann, und um ein Update zur Therapie von Libido- und Potenzstörungen des Mannes. Der dritte Vortrag behandelt sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten. Stellen Sie Ihre Fragen an die Experten und sammeln Sie 2 CME-Punkte. Jetzt gleich anmelden!
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Breast Cancer Research
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research 4/2004

01.08.2004 | Review

Does diet affect breast cancer risk?

verfasst von: Michelle D Holmes, Walter C Willett

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research | Ausgabe 4/2004

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer risk. However, weight gain in middle life contributes substantially to breast cancer risk. Alcohol is the best established dietary risk factor, probably by increasing endogenous estrogen levels. Hypotheses relating diet during youth to risk decades later will be difficult to test. Nevertheless, available evidence is strong that breast cancer risk can be reduced by avoiding weight gain during adult years, and by limiting alcohol consumption.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Buell P: Changing incidence of breast cancer in Japanese-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973, 51: 1479-1483.PubMed
2.
Ip C: Quantitative assessment of fat and calorie as risk factors in mammary carcinogenesis in an experimental model. In Recent Progress in Research on Nutrition and Cancer. Proceedings of a Workshop Sponsored by the International Union Against Cancer; Nagoya, Japan; 1–3 November 1989. Edited by: Mettlin CJ, Aoki K. 1990, New York, NY: Wiley-Liss Inc, 107-117.
3.
Beth M, Berger MR, Aksoy M, Schmahl D: Comparison between the effects of dietary fat level and of calorie intake on methyl-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female SD rats. Int J Cancer. 1987, 39: 737-744.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Armstrong B, Doll R: Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices. Int J Cancer. 1975, 15: 617-631.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Phillips RL, Garfinkel L, Kuzma JW, Beeson WL, Lotz T, Brin B: Mortality among California Seventh-Day Adventists for selected cancer sites. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980, 65: 1097-1107.PubMed
6.
Kinlen LJ: Meat and fat consumption and cancer mortality: a study of strict religious orders in Britain. Lancet. 1982, 1: 946-949. 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91943-2.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Howe GR, Hirohata T, Hislop TG, Iscovich JM, Yuan JM, Kat-souyanni K, Lubin F, Marubini E, Modan B, Rohan T, Toniolo P, Shunzhang Y: Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case–control studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990, 82: 561-569. 10.1093/jnci/82.7.561.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Rosner BA, Longnecker M, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A comparison of prospective and retrospective assessments of diet in the study of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1993, 137: 502-511.PubMed
9.
Potischman N, Weiss HA, Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, Brogan D, Stanford JL, Hoover RN, Brinton LA: Diet during adolescence and risk of breast cancer among young women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90: 226-233. 10.1093/jnci/90.3.226.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Frazier AL, Li L, Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA: Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2004, 15: 73-82. 10.1023/B:CACO.0000016617.57120.df.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Adami HO, Beeson L, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Fraser GE, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Howe GR, Kushi LH, Marshall JR, McDermott A, Miller AB, Speizer FE, Wolk A, Yaun S-S, Willett W: Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer: a pooled analysis. N Engl J Med. 1996, 334: 356-361. 10.1056/NEJM199602083340603.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Holmes MD, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Hankinson SE, Speizer FE, Rosner B, Willett WC: Association of dietary intake of fat and fatty acids with risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 1999, 281: 914-920. 10.1001/jama.281.10.914.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Prentice R: Measurement error and results from analytic epidemiology: dietary fat and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996, 88: 1738-1747.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, for the Pooling of Prospective Studies Investigators: Dietary fat and breast cancer [letter]. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90: 1303-1305.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Anonymous: Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Controlled Clin Trials. 1998, 19: 61-109. 10.1016/S0197-2456(97)00078-0.CrossRef
16.
Chlebowski RT, Grosvenor M: The scope of nutrition intervention trials with cancer-related endpoints. Cancer. 1994, Suppl: 2734-2738.CrossRef
17.
Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W: Can lifestyle modification increase survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer?. J Nutr. 2002, Suppl: 3504S-3507S.
18.
Freedman LS, Prentice RL, Clifford C: Dietary fat and breast cancer: where we are. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85: 764-765.CrossRef
19.
Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Adami HO, Beeson WL, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Kushi LH, Miller AB, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter DJ: Types of dietary fat and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Int J Cancer. 2001, 92: 767-774. 10.1002/1097-0215(20010601)92:5<767::AID-IJC1247>3.0.CO;2-0.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Cho E, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Chen WY, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC: Premenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003, 95: 1079-1085. 10.1093/jnci/95.14.1079.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Tretli S, Gaard M: Lifestyle changes during adolescence and risk of breast cancer: an ecologic study of the effect of World War II in Norway. Cancer Causes Control. 1996, 7: 507-512.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Elias SG, Peeters PH, Grobbee DE, van Noord PA: Breast cancer risk after caloric restriction during the 1944–1945 Dutch famine. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004, 96: 539-546. 10.1093/jnci/djh087.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Hunter DJ, Willett WC: Diet, body size, and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev. 1993, 15: 110-132.PubMed
24.
Swanson CA, Jones DY, Schatzkin A, Brinton LA, Ziegler RG: Breast cancer risk assessed by anthropometry in the NHANES I epidemiological follow-up study. Cancer Res. 1988, 48: 5363-5367.PubMed
25.
26.
Vatten LJ, Kvinnsland S: Prospective study of height, body mass index and risk of breast cancer. Acta Oncol. 1992, 31: 195-200.PubMedCrossRef
27.
van den Brandt PA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, Adami HO, Beeson L, Folsom AR, Fraser G, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Kushi L, Marshall JR, Miller AB, Rohan T, Smith-Warner SA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Wolk A, Hunter DJ: Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2000, 152: 514-527. 10.1093/aje/152.6.514.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Meyer F, Moisan J, Marcoux D, Bouchard C: Dietary and physical determinants of menarche. Epidemiology. 1990, 1: 377-381.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Merzenich H, Boeing H, Wahrendorf J: Dietary fat and sports activity as determinants for age at menarche. Am J Epidemiol. 1993, 138: 217-224.PubMed
30.
Chen J, Campbell TC, Junyao L: Diet, Life-style, and Mortality in China: a Study of the Characteristics of 65 Chinese Counties. 1990, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
31.
Huang Z, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Hunter DJ, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Willett WC: Dual effects of weight and weight gain on breast cancer risk. JAMA. 1997, 278: 1407-1411. 10.1001/jama.278.17.1407.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Rich-Edwards JW, Goldman MB, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE: Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994, 171: 171-177.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Garland M, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Speizer F, Willett WC: Menstrual cycle characteristics and history of ovulatory infertility in relation to breast cancer risk in a large cohort of US women. Am J Epidemiol. 1998, 147: 636-643.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Longcope C, Speizer FE: Alcohol, height, and adiposity in relation to estrogen and prolactin levels in post-menopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995, 87: 1297-1302.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Barnes-Josiah D, Potter JD, Sellers TA, Himes JH: Early body size and subsequent weight gain as predictors of breast cancer incidence (Iowa, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1995, 6: 112-118.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Wenten M, Gilliland FD, Baumgartner K, Samet JM: Associations of weight, weight change, and body mass with breast cancer risk in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Ann Epidemiol. 2002, 12: 435-444. 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00293-9.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Egan KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Baron JA, Storer BE, Stampfer M, Willett WC: Weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2000, 11: 533-542. 10.1023/A:1008961931534.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Earle ME, Mi MP: Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1988, 128: 137-152.PubMed
39.
Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, Chlebowski RT, Hays J, Kuller L, Lopez AM, Manson J, Margolis KL, Muti PC, Stefanick ML, McTiernan A: Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2002, 13: 741-751. 10.1023/A:1020239211145.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Roddam A, Dorgan JF, Longcope C, Stanczyk FZ, Stephenson HE, Falk RT, Miller R, Schatzkin A, Allen DS, Fentiman IS, Key TJ, Wang DY, Dowsett M, Thomas HV, Hankinson SE, Toniolo P, Akhmedkhanov A, Koenig K, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Berrino F, Muti P, Micheli A, Krogh V, Sieri S, Pala V, Venturelli E, Secreto G, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Kabuto M, Akiba S, Stevens RG, Neriishi K, Land CE, Cauley JA, Kuller LH, Cummings SR, Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Bush TL, Comstock GW, Gordon GB, Miller SR, Longcope C, Endogenous Hormones Breast Cancer Collaborative Group: Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003, 95: 1218-1226.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Bianchini F, Kaaks R, Vainio H: Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention. Obes Rev. 2002, 3: 5-8. 10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00046.x.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Broocks A, Pirke KM, Schweiger U, Tuschl RJ, Laessle RG, Strowitzki T, Horl E, Horl T, Haas W, Jeschke D: Cyclic ovarian function in recreational athletes. J Appl Physiol. 1990, 68: 2083-2086.PubMed
43.
Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, Beitins IZ, von Mering G, Turnbull BA, McArthur JW: Induction of menstrual disorders by strenuous exercise in untrained women. N Engl J Med. 1985, 312: 1349-1353.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Mattisson I, Wirfalt E, Johansson U, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Berglund G: Intakes of plant foods, fibre and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. Br J Cancer. 2004, 90: 122-127. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601516.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Manson JE, Spiegelman D, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE: Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 1992, 268: 2037-2044. 10.1001/jama.268.15.2037.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB: Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 1993, 4: 29-37.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshall J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J, Haughey B, Nasca P, Zdeb M: Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1992, 136: 1327-1337.PubMed
48.
Terry P, Jain M, Miller AB, Howe GR, Rohan TE: No association among total dietary fiber, fiber fractions, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11: 1507-1508.PubMed
49.
Cho E, Spiegelman D, Hunter D, Chen WY, Willett WC: Pre-menopausal Dietary Carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer. 2003, Toronto: American Association for Cancer Research
50.
Holmes MD, Liu S, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Willett WC: Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2004, 159: 732-739. 10.1093/aje/kwh112.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Witte JS, Ursin G, Siemiatycki J, Thompson WD, Paganini-Hill A, Haile RW: Diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer: a case–control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997, 42: 243-251. 10.1023/A:1005710211184.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Augustin LS, Dal Maso L, La Vecchia C, Parpinel M, Negri E, Vaccarella S, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Francesch S: Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, and breast cancer risk: a case–control study. Ann Oncol. 2001, 12: 1533-1538. 10.1023/A:1013176129380.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Terry P, Suzuki R, Hu FB, Wolk A: A prospective study of major dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001, 10: 1281-1285.PubMed
54.
Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Holmes MD, Hu FB, Hankinson SE, Willett WC: Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001, 73: 560-566.PubMed
55.
Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM: Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002, 75: 492-498.PubMed
56.
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Willett WC: Dietary carotenoids, and vitamins A, C. and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999, 91: 547-556. 10.1093/jnci/91.6.547.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Terry P, Jain M, Miller AB, Howe GR, Rohan TE: Dietary carotenoids and risk of breast cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002, 76: 883-888.PubMed
58.
Michels KB, Holmberg L, Bergkvist L, Ljung H, Bruce A, Wolk A: Dietary antioxidant vitamins, retinol, and breast cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women. Int J Cancer. 2001, 91: 563-567. 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1079>3.3.CO;2-0.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Toniolo P, Van Kappel AL, Akhmedkhanov A, Ferrari P, Kato I, Shore RE, Riboli E: Serum carotenoids and breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2001, 153: 1142-1147. 10.1093/aje/153.12.1142.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Sato R, Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Hoffman SC, Norkus EP, Comstock GW: Prospective study of carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoid concentrations and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11: 451-457.PubMed
61.
King MM, McCay PB: Modulation of tumor incidence and possible mechanisms of inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis by dietary antioxidants. Cancer Res. 1983, Suppl: 2485s-2490s.
62.
Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F, Hermus RJ, van den Brandt PA: Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1997, 75: 149-155.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Kushi LH, Fee RM, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Folsom AR: Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996, 144: 165-174.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Ip C: The chemopreventive role of selenium in carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986, 206: 431-447.PubMed
65.
Hunter DJ: Biochemical indicators of dietary intake. In Nutritional Epidemiology. Edited by: Willett WC. 1990, New York: Oxford University Press, 143-216.
66.
Hunter DJ, Morris JS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A prospective study of selenium status and breast cancer risk. JAMA. 1990, 264: 1128-1131. 10.1001/jama.264.9.1128.PubMedCrossRef
67.
van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, van't Veer P, Bode P, Dorant E, Hermus RJ, Sturmans F: Toenail selenium levels and the risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1994, 140: 20-26.PubMed
68.
Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Holmberg L, Howe GR, Marshall JR, Miller AB, Potter JD, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Wolk A, Hunter DJ: Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. JAMA. 1998, 279: 535-540. 10.1001/jama.279.7.535.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Reichman ME, Judd JT, Longcope C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, Nair PP, Campbell WS, Taylor PR: Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in pre-menopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85: 722-727.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Ginsburg ES, Walsh BW, Gao X, Gleason RE, Feltmate C, Barbi-eri RL: The effect of acute ethanol ingestion on estrogen levels in postmenopausal women using transdermal estradiol. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 1995, 2: 26-29. 10.1016/1071-5576(94)00048-6.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Giovannucci EL, Rosner BA, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A prospective study of folate intake and the risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 1999, 281: 1632-1637. 10.1001/jama.281.17.1632.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Sellers TA, Kushi LH, Cerhan JR, Vierkant RA, Gapstur SM, Vachon CM, Olson JE, Therneau TM, Folsom AR: Dietary folate intake, alcohol, and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Epidemiology. 2001, 12: 420-428. 10.1097/00001648-200107000-00012.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Rohan TE, Jain MG, Howe GR, Miller AB: Dietary folate consumption and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000, 92: 266-269. 10.1093/jnci/92.3.266.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zhang SM, Willett WC, Selhub J, Hunter DJ, Giovannucci EL, Holmes MD, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE: Plasma folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003, 95: 373-380. 10.1093/jnci/95.5.373.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL, Manson JE, Kawachi I, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Hennekens CH, Rosner B: Alcohol consumption and mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 1995, 332: 1245-1250. 10.1056/NEJM199505113321901.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Folsom AR, McKenzie DR, Bisgard KM, Kushi LH, Sellers TA: No association between caffeine intake and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993, 138: 380-383.PubMed
77.
Vatten LJ, Solvoll K, Loken EB: Coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer. A prospective study of 14,593 Norwegian women. Br J Cancer. 1990, 62: 267-270.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
78.
Steinmetz KA, Potter JD: Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control. 1991, 2: 427-442.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Keinan-Boker L, van Der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE, Peeters PH: Dietary phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 79: 282-288.PubMed
80.
Lee HP, Gourley L, Duffy SW, Esteve J, Lee J, Day NE: Dietary effects on breast-cancer risk in Singapore. Lancet. 1991, 337: 1197-1200. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92867-2.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Potter JD, Kushi LH, Ruan Z, Gao YT, Zheng W: Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001, 10: 483-488.PubMed
82.
Wu AH, Wan P, Hankin J, Tseng CC, Yu MC, Pike MC: Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis. 2002, 23: 1491-1496. 10.1093/carcin/23.9.1491.PubMedCrossRef
83.
84.
Yuan JM, Yu MC, Ross RK, Gao YT, Henderson BE: Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai. Cancer Res. 1988, 48: 1949-1953.PubMed
85.
Key TJ, Sharp GB, Appleby PN, Beral V, Goodman MT, Soda M, Mabuchi K: Soya foods and breast cancer risk: a prospective study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Br J Cancer. 1999, 81: 1248-1256. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690837.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
Yamamoto S, Sobue T, Kobayashi M, Sasaki S, Tsugane S: Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003, 95: 906-913. 10.1093/jnci/95.12.906.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Maskarinec G, Meng L: An investigation of soy intake and mammographic characteristics in Hawaii. Breast Cancer Res. 2001, 3: 134-141. 10.1186/bcr285.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
88.
Hargreaves DF, Potten CS, Harding C, Shaw LE, Morton MS, Roberts SA, Howell A, Bundred NJ: Two-week dietary soy supplementation has an estrogenic effect on normal pre-menopausal breast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84: 4017-4024. 10.1210/jc.84.11.4017.PubMed
89.
McMichael-Phillips DF, Harding C, Morton M, Roberts SA, Howell A, Potten CS, Bundred NJ: Effects of soy-protein supplementation on epithelial proliferation in the histologically normal human breast. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998, Suppl: 1431S-1435S.
90.
Fund WCRL: Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. 1997, Washington, DC: American Institutue for Cancer Research
91.
Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, Adami HO, Beeson WL, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Miller AB, Potter JD, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter DJ: Intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. JAMA. 2001, 285: 769-776. 10.1001/jama.285.6.769.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Toniolo P, Riboli E, Shore RE, Pasternack BS: Consumption of meat, animal products, protein, and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in New York. Epidemiology. 1994, 5: 391-397.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Missmer SA, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, Adami HO, Beeson WL, van den Brandt PA, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Kushi LH, Miller AB, Potter JD, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter DJ: Meat and dairy food consumption and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2002, 31: 78-85. 10.1093/ije/31.1.78.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zheng W, Gustafson DR, Sinha R, Cerhan JR, Moore D, Hong CP, Anderson KE, Kushi LH, Sellers TA, Folsom AR: Well-done meat intake and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90: 1724-1729. 10.1093/jnci/90.22.1724.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Willett WC, Rockhill B, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Colditz G: Epidemiology and nongenetic causes of breast cancer. In Diseases of the Breast. Edited by: Harris JR, Lippman ME, Osborne CK. 2004, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 223-276.
96.
Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Manson JE, Spiegelman D, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE: Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. An 8-year follow-up. JAMA. 1992, 268: 2037-2044. 10.1001/jama.268.15.2037.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB: A cohort study of fat intake and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991, 83: 336-340.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Graham S, Hellmann R, Marshall J, Freudenheim J, Vena J, Swanson M, Zielezny M, Nemoto T, Stubbe N, Raimondo T: Nutritional epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in western New York. Am J Epidemiol. 1991, 134: 552-566.PubMed
99.
Kushi LH, Sellers TA, Potter JD, Nelson CL, Munger RG, Kaye SA, Folsom AR: Dietary fat and postmenopausal breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992, 84: 1092-1099.PubMedCrossRef
100.
van den Brandt PA, van't Veer P, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, Volovics A, Hermus RJ, Sturmans F: A prospective cohort study on dietary fat and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1993, 53: 75-82.PubMed
101.
Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Hunter D, Willett W, Ljung H, Holmberg L, Bergkvist L, Bruce A, Adami HO: A prospective study of association of monounsaturated fat and other types of fat with risk of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 1998, 158: 41-45. 10.1001/archinte.158.1.41.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Velie E, Kulldorff M, Schairer C, Block G, Albanes D, Schatzkin A: Dietary fat, fat subtypes, and breast cancer in post-menopausal women: a prospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000, 92: 833-839. 10.1093/jnci/92.10.833.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Horn-Ross PL, Hoggatt KJ, West DW, Krone MR, Stewart SL, Anton H, Bernstei CL, Deapen D, Peel D, Pinder R, Reynolds P, Ross RK, Wright W, Ziogas A: Recent diet and breast cancer risk: the California Teachers Study (USA). Cancer Causes Control. 2002, 13: 407-415. 10.1023/A:1015786030864.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, Fraser GE: Dietary habits and breast cancer incidence among Seventh-day Adventists. Cancer. 1989, 64: 582-590.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Does diet affect breast cancer risk?
verfasst von
Michelle D Holmes
Walter C Willett
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2004
Verlag
BioMed Central
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research / Ausgabe 4/2004
Elektronische ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr909

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2004

Breast Cancer Research 4/2004 Zur Ausgabe

Research article

Common ataxia telangiectasia mutated haplotypes and risk of breast cancer: a nested case–control study

Research article

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study

Research article

Cigarette smoking, cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms, and breast cancer among African-American and white women

Research article

Doxorubicin and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor efficacy of vaccines directed against HER 2/neuin a murine mammary carcinoma model

Research article

Oestrogen receptor α gene haplotype and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a case control study

Research article

The Breast Cancer Family Registry: an infrastructure for cooperative multinational, interdisciplinary and translational studies of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

Erhöhtes Risiko fürs Herz unter Checkpointhemmer-Therapie

28.05.2024 Nebenwirkungen der Krebstherapie Nachrichten

Kardiotoxische Nebenwirkungen einer Therapie mit Immuncheckpointhemmern mögen selten sein – wenn sie aber auftreten, wird es für Patienten oft lebensgefährlich. Voruntersuchung und Monitoring sind daher obligat.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise