Background
Methods
Study subjects
Covariates and measurements
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF)
Statistical methods
Results
No CKD (N = 30) | CKD (N = 36) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 68.6 (1.4) | 69.7 (1.2) | 0.5 |
African American | 18 (60 %) | 18 (50 %) | 0.7 |
SBP (mmHg) | 137.6 (19.2) | 143.1 (16.6) | 0.2 |
DBP (mmHg) | 74.0 (10.5) | 74.8 (8.7) | 0.7 |
BMI | 30.4 (5.5) | 31.0 (6.3) | 0.7 |
Diabetes | 6 (20 %) | 27 (75.0 %) | <0.01 |
Coronary Artery Diseasea
| 2 (6.7 %) | 8 (22.2 %) | 0.1 |
Smoking | |||
Current | 0 (0 %) | 1 (2.8 %) | 0.5 |
Former | 21 (70 %) | 21 (58.3 %) | |
Never | 9 (30 %) | 13 (36 %) | |
ACEI or ARB | 20 (67 %) | 28 (77.8 %) | 0.3 |
Nitrates | 0 | 2 | 0.3 |
eGFR (cc/min/1.73 m2) | 85.4 (19.2) | 46.1 (2.4) | |
Alb/Cr ratio | 3.8 [2.9, 7.8] | 83.3 [16.6, 367.0] |
PORH-LDF
Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia(N = 65) | Thermal Hyperemia (N = 52) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | p-value | High (>892 %) | Low (<892 %) | p-value | |
Age | 68.6 | 70.6 (7.6) | 0.3 | 68.5 (7.3) | 69.8 (1.5) | 0.5 |
African American | 15 (48.4 %) | 17 (56.7 %) | 0.5 | 17 (65.4 %) | 12 (46.2 %) | 0.2 |
SBP (mmHg) | 145.5 (15.0) | 136.0 (18.3) | 0.03 | 141.3 (16.0) | 137.2 (18.8) | 0.4 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.5 (10.0) | 72.1 (8.1) | 0.06 | 75.4 (10.2) | 73.2 (8.1) | 0.4 |
BMI | 30.7 (6.6) | 30.4 (5.5) | 0.9 | 30.2 (6.3) | 32.6 (4.8) | 0.14 |
Diabetes | 13 (41.9 %) | 18 (60 %) | 0.2 | 16 (61.5 %) | 10 (38.5 %) | 0.10 |
Coronary Artery Diseasea
| 5 (16.1 %) | 5 (16.7 %) | 1.0 | 4 (15.4 %) | 4 (15.4 %) | 1.0 |
Smoking | 0.6 | |||||
Current | 19 (61.3 %) | 19 (63.3 %) | 0.6 | 1 (3.9 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Former | 0 (0 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | 15 (57.7 %) | 17 (65.4 %) | ||
10 (38.5 %) | 9 (34.6 %) | |||||
Never | 12 (38.7 %) | 9(30 %) | ||||
ACEI or ARB | 19 (63.3 %) | 26 (83.9 %) | 0.07 | 18 (69 %) | 18 (69 %) | 1.0 |
Nitrates | 1 (3.3 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | 0.8 | 1 (3.9 %) | 0 | 0.5 |
eGFR (cc/min/1.73 m2) | 69.2 (4.9) | 56.0 (4.1) | 0.04 | 61.9 (24.0) | 68.7 (29.8) | 0.4 |
Alb/Cr ratio | 5 [2.3, 26] | 18.2 | 0.006 | 4.4 | 21.5 | 0.009 |
[7.2, 334] | [2.8, 11.8] | [4.4, 207] |
Post-Occlusive Hyperemia (N = 61) | Thermal Hyperemia (N = 52) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
Albuminuria | −0.31 (p = 0.01) | −0.37 (p = 0.01) | −0.41 (p = 0.003) | −0.42 (p = 0.009) |
CKD (vs. no CKD control) | −0.25 (p = −0.045) | −0.38 (p = 0.02) | −0.08 (p = 0.6) | 0.09 (p = 0.6) |
eGFR | 0.17 (p = 0.2) | 0.20 (p = 0.2) | 0.12 (p = 0.41) | −0.02 (p = 0.9) |